Microbiology with Diseases by Body System 5th Edition by Robert Bauman, ISBN-13: 978-0134618449

Microbiology with Diseases by Body System 5th Edition by Robert Bauman, ISBN-13: 978-0134618449

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 5th edition (January 6, 2017)
• Language: ‎ English
• ‎944 pages (Large Size: 63 MB)
  
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0134618440
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0134618449

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For pre-nursing and allied health students (including mixed-majors courses).

Invest in your future: microbiology matters.

Dr. Robert Bauman’s Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5th Edition helps students visualize the invisible and practice critical thinking with real-world problems and clinical applications. The textbook includes QR codes for Dr. Bauman Video Tutors and Disease in Depth features that foster understanding and encourage students to explore microbiology. The continued focus on clinical situations prepares students for future opportunities in applied practice and healthcare careers. With the 5th Edition, new Solve the Problem features ask students to work through real-world microbiology problems and offer instructors active-learning worksheets for their course. This edition results from a collaborative effort of educators, students, editors, and top scientific illustrators to deliver a textbook that presents the latest scientific and educational research and data in microbiology.

Table of Contents:

Micro Biology With Diseases by Body System
About the Author
Preface
New to This Edition
Chapter-by-Chapter Revisions
Reviewers for the Fifth Edition
Contents
Feature Boxes
1 A Brief History of Microbiology
The Early Years of Microbiology
What Does Life Really Look Like?
Learning Outcomes
How Can Microbes Be Classified?
Learning Outcomes
Bacteria and Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Other Organisms of Importance to Microbiologists
The Golden Age of Microbiology
Learning Outcomes
Does Microbial Life Spontaneously Generate?
Learning Outcomes
Redi’s Experiments
Needham’s Experiments
Spallanzani’s Experiments
Pasteur’s Experiments
The Scientific Method
What Causes Fermentation?
Learning Outcomes
Pasteur’s Experiments
Buchner’s Experiments
What Causes Disease?
Learning Outcomes
Koch’s Experiments
Koch’s Postulates
Gram’s Stain
How Can We Prevent Infection and Disease?
Learning Outcomes
Semmelweis and Hand Washing
Lister’s Antiseptic Technique
Nightingale and Nursing
Snow and Epidemiology
Jenner’s Vaccine
Ehrlich’s “Magic Bullets”
The Modern Age of Microbiology
Learning Outcome
What Are the Basic Chemical Reactions of Life?
How Do Genes Work?
Microbial Genetics
Molecular Biology
Recombinant DNA Technology
Gene Therapy
What Roles Do Microorganisms Play in the Environment?
Learning Outcome
How Do We Defend Against Disease?
What Will the Future Hold?
Chapter Summary
The Early Years of Microbiology
The Golden Age of Microbiology
The Modern Age of Microbiology
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Short Answer
Matching
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
2 The Chemistry of Microbiology
Atoms
Learning Outcome
Atomic Structure
Learning Outcomes
Isotopes
Learning Outcome
Electron Configurations
Learning Outcome
Chemical Bonds
Learning Outcomes
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
Learning Outcomes
Polar Covalent Bonds
Learning Outcome
Ionic Bonds
Learning Outcomes
Hydrogen Bonds
Learning Outcome
Chemical Reactions
Learning Outcome
Synthesis Reactions
Learning Outcomes
Decomposition Reactions
Learning Outcome
Exchange Reactions
Learning Outcome
Water, Acids, Bases, and Salts
Water
Learning Outcome
Acids and Bases
Learning Outcome
Salts
Organic Macromolecules
Functional Groups
Learning Outcome
Lipids
Learning Outcomes
Fats
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steroids
Carbohydrates
Learning Outcome
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Proteins
Learning Outcomes
Amino Acids
Peptide Bonds
Protein Structure
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Learning Outcomes
Nucleotides and Nucleosides
Nucleic Acid Structure
Nucleic Acid Function
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Chapter Summary
Atoms
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Reactions
Water, Acids, Bases, and Salts
Organic Macromolecules
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
3 Cell Structure and Function
Processes of Life
Learning Outcome
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview
Learning Outcome
External Structures of Bacterial Cells
Glycocalyces
Learning Outcomes
Flagella
Learning Outcomes
Structure
Arrangement
Function
Fimbriae and Pili
Learning Outcome
Bacterial Cell Walls
Learning Outcomes
Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Walls
Learning Outcome
Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Walls
Learning Outcome
Bacteria Without Cell Walls
Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes
Structure
Learning Outcomes
Function
Learning Outcomes
Passive Processes
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Processes
Active Transport
Group Translocation
Bacterial Secretion Systems
Cytoplasm of Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Cytosol
Inclusions
Endospores
Nonmembranous Organelles
Learning Outcome
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
External Structures of Archaea
Glycocalyces
Learning Outcome
Flagella
Learning Outcomes
Fimbriae and Hami
Learning Outcomes
Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Learning Outcomes
Cytoplasm of Archaea
Learning Outcome
External Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Glycocalyces
Learning Outcome
Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Learning Outcomes
Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes
Learning Outcomes
Flagella
Learning Outcome
Structure and Arrangement
Function
Cilia
Learning Outcomes
Other Nonmembranous Organelles
Learning Outcomes
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles and Centrosome
Membranous Organelles
Learning Outcomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles, and Vesicles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
Processes of Life
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview
External Structures of Bacterial Cells
Bacterial Cell Walls
Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Bacteria
External Structures of Archaea
Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Archaea
External Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes
Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
4 Microscopy, Staining, and Classification
Units of Measurement
Learning Outcomes
Microscopy
Learning Outcome
General Principles of Microscopy
Learning Outcomes
Wavelength of Radiation
Magnification
Resolution
Contrast
Light Microscopy
Learning Outcomes
Bright-Field Microscopes
Simple Microscopes
Compound Microscopes
Dark-Field Microscopes
Phase Microscopes
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopes
Fluorescence Microscopes
Confocal Microscopes
Electron Microscopy
Learning Outcome
Transmission Electron Microscopes
Scanning Electron Microscopes
Probe Microscopy
Learning Outcome
Scanning Tunneling Microscopes
Atomic Force Microscopes
Staining
Preparing Specimens for Staining
Learning Outcome
Principles of Staining
Learning Outcome
Simple Stains
Learning Outcome
Differential Stains
Gram Stain
Acid-Fast Stain
Endospore Stain
Histological Stains
Special Stains
Negative (Capsule) Stain
Flagellar Stain
Staining for Electron Microscopy
Learning Outcome
Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
Learning Outcome
Linnaeus and Taxonomic Categories
Learning Outcomes
Domains
Learning Outcome
Taxonomic and Identifying Characteristics
Learning Outcome
Physical Characteristics
Biochemical Tests
Serological Tests
Phage Typing
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Analysis of Nucleic Acids
Taxonomic Keys
Chapter Summary
Units of Measurement
Microscopy
Staining
Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
5 Microbial Metabolism
Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism
Catabolism and Anabolism
Learning Outcome
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Learning Outcome
ATP Production and Energy Storage
Learning Outcome
The Roles of Enzymes in Metabolism
Learning Outcomes
Naming and Classifying Enzymes
The Makeup of Enzymes
Enzyme Activity
Temperature
pH
Enzyme and Substrate Concentration
Control of Enzymatic Activity
Carbohydrate Catabolism
Learning Outcome
Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration
Learning Outcomes
Synthesis of Acetyl-CoA
The Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
Electron Transport
Chemiosmosis
Metabolic Diversity
Learning Outcomes
Fermentation
Learning Outcomes
Other Catabolic Pathways
Lipid Catabolism
Learning Outcome
Protein Catabolism
Learning Outcome
Photosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Chemicals and Structures
Learning Outcome
Light-Dependent Reactions
Learning Outcomes
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Noncyclic Photophosphorylation
Light-Independent Reactions
Learning Outcomes
Other Anabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome
Carbohydrate Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Lipid Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Amino Acid Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Nucleotide Biosynthesis
Learning Outcome
Integration and Regulation of Metabolic Functions
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism
Carbohydrate Catabolism
Other Catabolic Pathways
Photosynthesis
Other Anabolic Pathways
Integration and Regulation of Metabolic Functions
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
6 Microbial Nutrition and Growth
Growth Requirements
Nutrients: Chemical and Energy Requirements
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Carbon, Energy, and Electrons
Oxygen Requirements
Nitrogen Requirements
Other Chemical Requirements
Physical Requirements
Learning Outcome
Temperature
pH
Physical Effects of Water
Osmotic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
Associations and Biofilms
Learning Outcome
Culturing Microorganisms
Clinical Sampling
Learning Outcome
Obtaining Pure Cultures
Learning Outcome
Streak Plates
Pour Plates
Other Isolation Techniques
Culture Media
Learning Outcomes
Defined Media
Complex Media
Selective Media
Enrichment Culture
Differential Media
Anaerobic Media
Transport Media
Special Culture Techniques
Learning Outcome
Animal and Cell Culture
Low-Oxygen Culture
Preserving Cultures
Learning Outcome
Growth of Microbial Populations
Learning Outcome
Generation Time
Learning Outcome
Mathematical Considerations in Population Growth
Learning Outcome
Phases of Microbial Population Growth
Learning Outcomes
Lag Phase
Log Phase
Stationary Phase
Death Phase
Continuous Culture in a Chemostat
Learning Outcome
Measuring Microbial Reproduction
Learning Outcome
Direct Methods Not Requiring Incubation
Microscopic Counts
Electronic Counters
Direct Methods Requiring Incubation
Serial Dilution and Viable Plate Counts
Membrane Filtration
Most Probable Number
Indirect Methods
Turbidity
Metabolic Activity
Dry Weight
Molecular Methods
Chapter Summary
Growth Requirements
Culturing Microorganisms
Growth of Microbial Populations
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
7 Microbial Genetics
The Structure and Replication of Genomes
Learning Outcome
The Structure of Nucleic Acids
Learning Outcome
The Structure of Prokaryotic Genomes
Learning Outcomes
Prokaryotic Chromosomes
Plasmids
The Structure of Eukaryotic Genomes
Learning Outcome
Nuclear Chromosomes
Extranuclear Chromosomes in Eukaryotes
DNA Replication
Learning Outcomes
Initial Processes in Bacterial DNA Replication
Continual Synthesis of the Leading Strand
Fragmented Synthesis of the Lagging Strand
Other Characteristics of Bacterial DNA Replication
Replication of Eukaryotic DNA
Gene Function
The Relationship Between Genotype and Phenotype
Learning Outcome
The Transfer of Genetic Information
Learning Outcome
The Events in Transcription
Learning Outcomes
Initiation of Transcription
Elongation of the RNA Transcript
Termination of Transcription
Self-Termination
Rho-Dependent Termination
Transcriptional Differences in Eukaryotes
Translation
Learning Outcomes
The Genetic Code
Participants in Translation
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomes and Ribosomal RNA
Events in Translation
Elongation
Termination
Translational Differences in Eukaryotes
Regulation of Genetic Expression
Learning Outcomes
The Nature of Prokaryotic Operons
The Lactose Operon, an Inducible Operon
Positive Regulation by CAP
Repression and Induction
The Tryptophan Operon, a Repressible Operon
RNA Molecules Can Control Translation
Mutations of Genes
Learning Outcome
Types of Mutations
Learning Outcome
Effects of Point Mutations
Learning Outcome
Mutagens
Learning Outcomes
Radiation
Chemical Mutagens
Nucleotide Analogs
Nucleotide-Altering Chemicals
Frameshift Mutagens
Frequency of Mutation
Learning Outcome
DNA Repair
Learning Outcome
Direct Repair
Single-Strand Repair
Error-Prone Repair
Identifying Mutants, Mutagens, and Carcinogens
Learning Outcomes
Positive Selection
Negative (Indirect) Selection
The Ames Test for Identifying Mutagens
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Learning Outcome
Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotes
Learning Outcomes
Transformation
Transduction
Bacterial Conjugation
Transposons and Transposition
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
The Structure and Replication of Genomes
Gene Function
Mutations of Genes
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
8 Recombinant DNA Technology
The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology
Learning Outcomes
Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
Synthetic Nucleic Acids
Learning Outcomes
The Polymerase Chain Reaction: Multiplying DNA In Vitro
Learning Outcome
Mutagens and Mutagenesis
Learning Outcomes
Reverse Transcriptase: To Synthesize cDNA
Learning Outcome
Restriction Enzymes
Learning Outcomes
Vectors
Learning Outcome
CRISPR
Learning Outcome
Techniques of Recombinant DNA Technology
Selecting a Clone of Recombinant Cells
Learning Outcome
Separating DNA Molecules: Gel Electrophoresis and the Southern Blot
Learning Outcome
DNA Microarrays
Learning Outcome
Inserting DNA into Cells
Learning Outcome
Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic Mapping
Learning Outcomes
Locating Genes
Genomics and Nucleotide Sequencing
Functional Genomics
Microbial Community Studies
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications
Learning Outcomes
Protein Synthesis
Vaccine Production
Genetic Screening
Gene Therapy
Medical Diagnosis
Xenotransplantation
Biomedical Animal Models
Agricultural Applications
Learning Outcome
Herbicide Tolerance
Pest Resistance
Salt Tolerance
Freeze Resistance
Improvements in Nutritional Value and Yield
The Ethics and Safety of Recombinant DNA Technology
Learning Outcome
Chapter Summary
The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology
Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
Techniques of Recombinant DNA Technology
Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
The Ethics and Safety of Recombinant DNA Technology
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
9 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment
Basic Principles of Microbial Control
Terminology of Microbial Control
Learning Outcomes
Microbial Death Rates
Learning Outcome
Action of Antimicrobial Agents
Learning Outcome
Alteration of Cell Walls and Membranes
Damage to Proteins and Nucleic Acids
The Selection of Microbial Control Methods
Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Methods
Learning Outcomes
Site to Be Treated
Relative Susceptibility of Microorganisms
Environmental Conditions
Biosafety Levels
Learning Outcome
Physical Methods of Microbial Control
Learning Outcome
Heat-Related Methods
Learning Outcomes
Moist Heat
Boiling
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Ultra-High-Temperature Sterilization
Dry Heat
Refrigeration and Freezing
Learning Outcome
Desiccation and Lyophilization
Learning Outcome
Filtration
Learning Outcome
Osmotic Pressure
Learning Outcome
Radiation
Learning Outcome
Ionizing Radiation
Nonionizing Radiation
Chemical Methods of Microbial Control
Learning Outcome
Phenol and Phenolics
Learning Outcome
Alcohols
Learning Outcome
Halogens
Learning Outcome
Oxidizing Agents
Learning Outcome
Surfactants
Learning Outcome
Heavy Metals
Learning Outcome
Aldehydes
Learning Outcome
Gaseous Agents
Learning Outcome
Enzymes
Learning Outcome
Antimicrobial Drugs
Learning Outcome
Methods for Evaluating Disinfectants and Antiseptics
Learning Outcome
Phenol Coefficient
Use-Dilution Test
Kelsey-Sykes Capacity Test
In-Use Test
Development of Resistant Microbes
Chapter Summary
Basic Principles of Microbial Control
The Selection of Microbial Control Methods
Physical Methods of Microbial Control
Chemical Methods of Microbial Control
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
The History of Antimicrobial Agents
Learning Outcomes
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
Learning Outcomes
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
Learning Outcome
Inhibition of Synthesis of Bacterial Walls
Inhibition of Synthesis of Fungal Walls
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
Learning Outcomes
Interference with Prokaryotic Ribosomes
Interference with Charging of Transfer RNA Molecules
Disruption of Cytoplasmic Membranes
Learning Outcome
Inhibition of Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcomes
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Learning Outcome
Prevention of Virus Attachment, Entry, or Uncoating
Learning Outcome
Clinical Considerations in Prescribing Antimicrobial Drugs
Learning Outcome
Spectrum of Action
Learning Outcome
Effectiveness
Learning Outcome
Diffusion Susceptibility Test
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Test
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) Test
Routes of Administration
Learning Outcome
Safety and Side Effects
Learning Outcomes
Toxicity
Allergies
Disruption of Normal Microbiota
Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
The Development of Resistance and Persister Cells
Learning Outcomes
Mechanisms of Resistance
Learning Outcomes
Multiple Resistance and Cross Resistance
Learning Outcome
Retarding Resistance
Learning Outcome
Chapter Summary
The History of Antimicrobial Agents
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
Clinical Considerations in Prescribing Antimicrobial Drugs
Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
11 Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes
General Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells
Learning Outcome
Endospores
Learning Outcome
Reproduction of Prokaryotic Cells
Learning Outcomes
Arrangements of Prokaryotic Cells
Learning Outcome
Modern Prokaryotic Classification
Learning Outcomes
Survey of Archaea
Learning Outcome
Extremophiles
Learning Outcome
Thermophiles
Halophiles
Methanogens
Learning Outcome
Survey of Bacteria
Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Deeply Branching Bacteria
Phototrophic Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Green and Purple Phototrophic Bacteria
Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Clostridia
Mycoplasmas
Other Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacilli and Cocci
Bacillus
Listeria
Lactobacillus
Streptococcus and Enterococcus
Staphylococcus
High G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Corynebacterium
Mycobacterium
Actinomycetes
Actinomyces
Nocardia
Streptomyces
Gram-Negative Proteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Class Alphaproteobacteria
Learning Outcomes
Nitrogen Fixers
Nitrifying Bacteria
Purple Nonsulfur Phototrophs
Pathogenic Alphaproteobacteria
Other Alphaproteobacteria
Class Betaproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria
Other Betaproteobacteria
Class Gammaproteobacteria
Learning Outcomes
Purple Sulfur Bacteria
Intracellular Pathogens
Methane Oxidizers
Glycolytic Facultative Anaerobes
Pseudomonads
Class Deltaproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Class Epsilonproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Class Zetaproteobacteria
Learning Outcome
Other Gram-Negative Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Bacteroids
Chapter Summary
General Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms
Modern Prokaryotic Classification
Survey of Archaea
Survey of Bacteria
Questions for Review
Modified True/False
Multiple Choice
Matching
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes
General Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms
Reproduction of Eukaryotes
Learning Outcomes
Nuclear Division
Mitosis
Meiosis
Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division)
Schizogony
Classification of Eukaryotic Organisms
Learning Outcomes
Protozoa
Learning Outcome
Distribution of Protozoa
Morphology of Protozoa
Nutrition of Protozoa
Reproduction of Protozoa
Classification of Protozoa
Learning Outcomes
Parabasala
Diplomonadida
Euglenozoa
Euglenids
Kinetoplastids
Alveolates
Ciliates
Apicomplexans
Dinoflagellates
Rhizaria
Amoebozoa
Fungi
Learning Outcome
The Significance of Fungi
Learning Outcome
Morphology of Fungi
Learning Outcome
Nutrition of Fungi
Learning Outcome
Reproduction of Fungi
Learning Outcomes
Budding and Asexual Spore Formation
Sexual Spore Formation
Classification of Fungi
Learning Outcomes
Division Zygomycota
Microsporidia
Division Ascomycota
Division Basidiomycota
Deuteromycetes
Lichens
Learning Outcomes
Algae
Learning Outcome
Distribution of Algae
Morphology of Algae
Reproduction of Algae
Learning Outcome
Classification of Algae
Learning Outcomes
Division Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
Kingdom Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
Chrysophyta (Golden Algae, Yellow-Green Algae, and Diatoms)
Water Molds
Learning Outcome
Other Eukaryotes of Microbiological Interest: Parasitic Helminths and Vectors
Learning Outcomes
Arachnids
Learning Outcomes
Insects
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
General Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms
Protozoa
Fungi
Algae
Water Molds
Other Eukaryotes of Microbiological Interest: Parasitic Helminths and Vectors
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Fill in the Blanks
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
13 Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Characteristics of Viruses
Learning Outcome
Genetic Material of Viruses
Learning Outcome
Hosts of Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sizes of Viruses
Capsid Morphology
Learning Outcome
Viral Shapes
The Viral Envelope
Learning Outcome
Classification of Viruses
Learning Outcome
Viral Replication
Lytic Replication of Bacteriophages
Learning Outcome
Attachment 1
Entry 2
Synthesis 3
Assembly 4
Release 5
Lysogenic Replication of Bacteriophages
Learning Outcome
Replication of Animal Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Attachment of Animal Viruses
Entry and Uncoating of Animal Viruses
Synthesis of DNA Viruses of Animals
dsDNA Viruses
ssDNA Viruses
Synthesis of RNA Viruses of Animals
Positive-Sense ssRNA Viruses
Retroviruses
Negative-Sense ssRNA Viruses
dsRNA Viruses
Assembly and Release of Animal Viruses
Latency of Animal Viruses
The Role of Viruses in Cancer
Learning Outcomes
Culturing Viruses in the Laboratory
Learning Outcomes
Culturing Viruses in Mature Organisms
Learning Outcomes
Culturing Viruses in Bacteria
Culturing Viruses in Plants and Animals
Culturing Viruses in Embryonated Chicken Eggs
Culturing Viruses in Cell (Tissue) Culture
Learning Outcome
Are Viruses Alive?
Learning Outcome
Other Parasitic Particles: Viroids and Prions
Characteristics of Viroids
Learning Outcomes
Characteristics of Prions
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
Characteristics of Viruses
Classification of Viruses
Viral Replication
The Role of Viruses in Cancer
Culturing Viruses in the Laboratory
Are Viruses Alive?
Other Parasitic Particles: Viroids and Prions
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
14 Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology
Symbiotic Relationships Between Microbes and Their Hosts
Types of Symbiosis
Learning Outcomes
Mutualism
Commensalism
Amensalism
Parasitism
Microbiome of Humans
Learning Outcome
Resident Microbiota
Transient Microbiota
Acquisition of the Microbiome
How Normal Microbiota Become Opportunistic Pathogens
Learning Outcome
Reservoirs of Infectious Diseases of Humans
Learning Outcome
Animal Reservoirs
Human Carriers
Nonliving Reservoirs
The Invasion and Establishment of Microbes in Hosts: Infection
Exposure to Microbes: Contamination and Infection
Learning Outcome
Portals of Entry
Learning Outcome
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Placenta
The Parenteral Route
The Role of Adhesion in Infection
Learning Outcomes
The Nature of Infectious Disease
Learning Outcome
Manifestations of Disease: Symptoms, Signs, and Syndromes
Learning Outcome
Causation of Disease: Etiology
Learning Outcomes
Using Koch’s Postulates
Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates
Virulence Factors of Infectious Agents
Learning Outcome
Extracellular Enzymes
Toxins
Exotoxins
Endotoxins
Antiphagocytic Factors
Capsules
Antiphagocytic Chemicals
The Stages of Infectious Diseases
Learning Outcome
Incubation Period
Prodromal Period
Illness
Decline
Convalescence
The Movement of Pathogens out of Hosts: Portals of Exit
Modes of Infectious Disease Transmission
Learning Outcomes
Contact Transmission
Vehicle Transmission
Vector Transmission
Classification of Infectious Diseases
Learning Outcomes
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
Learning Outcome
Frequency of Disease
Learning Outcomes
Epidemiological Studies
Learning Outcome
Descriptive Epidemiology
Analytical Epidemiology
Experimental Epidemiology
Hospital Epidemiology: Healthcare-Associated (Nosocomial) Infections
Learning Outcomes
Types of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Factors Influencing Healthcare-Associated Infections
Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Epidemiology and Public Health
Learning Outcome
The Sharing of Data Among Public Health Organizations
The Role of Public Health Agencies in Interrupting Disease Transmission
Public Health Education
Chapter Summary
Symbiotic Relationships Between Microbes and Their Hosts
Reservoirs of Infectious Diseases of Humans
The Invasion and Establishment of Microbes in Hosts: Infection
The Nature of Infectious Disease
The Movement of Pathogens Out of Hosts: Portals of Exit
Modes of Infectious Disease Transmission
Classification of Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
15 Innate Immunity
An Overview of the Body’s Defenses
Learning Outcomes
The Body’s First Line of Defense
The Role of Skin in Innate Immunity
Learning Outcome
The Role of Mucous Membranes in Innate Immunity
Learning Outcomes
The Role of the Lacrimal Apparatus in Innate Immunity
Learning Outcome
The Role of the Microbiome in Innate Immunity
Learning Outcome
Other First-Line Defenses
Learning Outcome
Antimicrobial Peptides
Other Processes and Chemicals
The Body’s Second Line of Defense
Learning Outcome
Defense Components of Blood
Learning Outcomes
Plasma
Defensive Blood Cells: Leukocytes
Lab Analysis of Leukocytes
Phagocytosis
Learning Outcome
Chemotaxis
Adhesion
Ingestion
Phagosome Maturation and Microbial Killing
Elimination
Nonphagocytic Killing
Learning Outcome
Killing by Eosinophils
Killing by Natural Killer Lymphocytes
Killing by Neutrophils
Nonspecific Chemical Defenses Against Pathogens
Learning Outcomes
Toll-like Receptors
NOD Proteins
Interferons
Type I (Alpha and Beta) Interferons
Type II (Gamma) Interferon
Complement
Complement Activation
Complement Cascade
Inflammation
Learning Outcome
Dilation and Increased Permeability of Blood Vessels
Migration of Phagocytes
Tissue Repair
Fever
Learning Outcome
Chapter Summary
An Overview of the Body’s Defenses
The Body’s First Line of Defense
The Body’s Second Line of Defense
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Matching
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
16 Adaptive Immunity
Overview of Adaptive Immunity
Learning Outcomes
Elements of Adaptive Immunity
The Tissues and Organs of the Lymphatic System
Learning Outcomes
The Lymphatic Vessels and the Flow of Lymph
Lymphoid Organs
Antigens
Learning Outcomes
Properties of Antigens
Types of Antigens
Preparation for an Adaptive Immune Response
Learning Outcomes
The Roles of the Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen-Presenting Cells
Antigen Processing
Processing Endogenous Antigens
Processing Exogenous Antigens
T Lymphocytes (T Cells)
Learning Outcomes
Specificity of the T Cell Receptor (TCR)
Types of T Lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte
Helper T Lymphocyte
Regulatory T Lymphocyte
Clonal Deletion of T Cells
B Lymphocytes (B Cells) and Antibodies
Learning Outcomes
Specificity of a B Cell Receptor (BCR)
Diversity of B Cell Receptors
Specificity and Antibody Structure
Antibody Function
Activation of Complement and Inflammation
Neutralization
Opsonization
Agglutination
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Classes of Antibodies
Clonal Deletion of B Cells
Immune Response Cytokines
Learning Outcome
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses
Learning Outcomes
Activation of Cytotoxic T Cell Clones and Their Functions
The Perforin-Granzyme Cytotoxic Pathway
The CD95 Cytotoxic Pathway
Memory T Cells
Learning Outcome
T Cell Regulation
Learning Outcome
Antibody Immune Responses
Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Immunity with Clonal Selection
Learning Outcomes
Memory Cells and the Establishment of Immunological Memory
Learning Outcome
Types of Acquired Immunity
Learning Outcome
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Artificially Acquired Passive Immunotherapy
Chapter Summary
Overview of Adaptive Immunity
Elements of Adaptive Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses
Antibody Immune Responses
Types of Acquired Immunity
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Matching
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
17 Immunization and Diagnostic Immunoassays
Immunization
Brief History of Immunization
Learning Outcome
Active Immunization
Learning Outcomes
Vaccine Types
Attenuated (Modified Live) Vaccines
Inactivated (Killed) Vaccines
Toxoid Vaccines
Combination Vaccines
Vaccines Using Recombinant Gene Technology
Vaccine Manufacture
Recommended Immunizations
Vaccine Safety
Passive Immunotherapy
Learning Outcomes
Serological Tests That Use Antigens and Corresponding Antibodies
Learning Outcomes
Precipitation Tests
Learning Outcomes
Immunodiffusion
Turbidimetric and Nephelometric Tests
Agglutination Tests
Learning Outcomes
Neutralization Tests
Learning Outcomes
Viral Neutralization
Viral Hemagglutination Inhibition Test
The Complement Fixation Test
Learning Outcome
Labeled Immunoassays
Learning Outcomes
Fluorescent Immunoassays
ELISAs (EIAs)
Immunoblots
Point-of-Care Testing
Learning Outcomes
Chapter Summary
Immunization
Serological Tests That Use Antigens and ­Corresponding Antibodies
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Matching
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
18 Immune Disorders
Hypersensitivities
Learning Outcome
Type I (Immediate) Hypersensitivity
Learning Outcomes
Sensitization upon Initial Exposure to an Allergen
Degranulation of Sensitized Cells
The Roles of Degranulating Cells in an Allergic Reaction
Clinical Signs of Localized Allergic Reactions
Clinical Signs of Systemic Allergic Reactions
Diagnosis of Type I Hypersensitivity
Prevention of Type I Hypersensitivity
Treatment of Type I Hypersensitivity
Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity
Learning Outcomes
The ABO System and Transfusion Reactions
The Rh System and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Type III (Immune Complex-Mediated) Hypersensitivity
Learning Outcomes
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Glomerulonephritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Type IV (Delayed or Cell-Mediated) Hypersensitivity
Learning Outcomes
The Tuberculin Response
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Graft Rejection
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Donor–Recipient Matching and Tissue Typing
The Actions of Immunosuppressive Drugs
Autoimmune Diseases
Causes of Autoimmune Diseases
Learning Outcome
Examples of Autoimmune Diseases
Learning Outcome
Autoimmunity Affecting Blood Cells
Autoimmunity Affecting Endocrine Organs
Autoimmunity Affecting Nervous Tissue
Autoimmunity Affecting Connective Tissue
Immunodeficiency Diseases
Learning Outcome
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms of AIDS
AIDS Pathogen and Its Virulence Factors
Structure of HIV
Origin of HIV
Replication of HIV
Details of Attachment, Entry, and Uncoating
Details of Synthesis and Latency
Details of Release, Assembly, and Maturation
Pathogenesis of AIDS
Epidemiology of AIDS
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chapter Summary
Hypersensitivities
Autoimmune Diseases
Immunodeficiency Diseases
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Matching
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
19 Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Structure of the Skin
Learning Outcome
Microbiome of the Skin
Learning Outcomes
Bacterial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Folliculitis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Enzymes
Structural Defenses Against Phagocytosis
Toxins
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Impetigo (Pyoderma), Erysipelas, and Cellulitis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Learning Outcomes
Acne
Learning Outcomes
Pathogen
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Cat Scratch Disease
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Pseudomonas Infection
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis
Learning Outcomes
Cutaneous Anthrax
Learning Outcome
Gas Gangrene
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Diseases of Poxviruses
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Herpes Infections
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Warts
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chickenpox and Shingles
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Rubella
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Measles (Rubeola)
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Other Viral Rashes
Learning Outcome
Erythema Infectiosum
Roseola
Mycoses of the Hair, Nails, and Skin
Learning Outcomes
Superficial Mycoses
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Cutaneous Mycoses
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Wound Mycoses
Learning Outcomes
Chromoblastomycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis
Mycetomas
Sporotrichosis
Parasitic Infestations of the Skin
Leishmaniasis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Scabies
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chapter Summary
Structure of the Skin
Microbiome of the Skin
Bacterial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Viral Diseases of the Skin and Wounds
Mycoses of the Hair, Nails, and Skin
Parasitic Infestations of the Skin
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Fill in the Blanks
True/False
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
20 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes
Structure of the Nervous System
Learning Outcomes
Structures of the Central Nervous System
Structures of the Peripheral Nervous System
Cells of the Nervous System
Portals of Infection of the Central Nervous System
Bacterial Diseases of the Nervous System
Bacterial Meningitis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Listeria monocytogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy)
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Botulism
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Tetanus
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Diseases of the Nervous System
Viral Meningitis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Poliomyelitis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Rabies
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Arboviral Encephalitis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Zika Virus Disease and Congenital Zika Syndrome
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Mycosis of the Nervous System
Cryptococcal Meningitis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Protozoan Diseases of the Nervous System
African Trypanosomiasis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Prion Disease
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (VCJD)
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Microbial Diseases of the Eyes
Learning Outcomes
Structure of the Eye
Trachoma
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Other Microbial Diseases of the Eyes
Chapter Summary
Structure of the Nervous System
Bacterial Diseases of the Nervous System
Viral Diseases of the Nervous System
Mycosis of the Nervous System
Protozoan Diseases of the Nervous System
Prion Disease
Microbial Diseases of the Eyes
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
21 Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Structures of the Cardiovascular System
Learning Outcomes
Structure of the Heart
Learning Outcome
Movement of Blood and Lymph
Learning Outcome
Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Bacteremia (Septicemia)
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Endocarditis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Brucellosis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Tularemia
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Plague
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Lyme Disease
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Yellow Fever
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Infectious Mononucleosis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Cytomegalovirus Disease
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
African Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Malaria
Learning Outcomes
Toxoplasmosis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ Disease)
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Schistosomiasis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chapter Summary
Structures of the Cardiovascular System
Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
22 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System
Structures of the Respiratory System
Structures of the Upper Respiratory System, Sinuses, and Ears
Learning Outcomes
Structures of the Lower Respiratory System
Microbiome of the Respiratory System
Learning Outcome
Bacterial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System, Sinuses, and Ears
Streptococcal Respiratory Diseases
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Diphtheria
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Rhinosinusitis and Otitis Media
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System
Common Cold
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System
Bacterial Pneumonias
Learning Outcomes
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Primary Atypical (Mycoplasmal) Pneumonia
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Other Bacterial Pneumonias
Legionnaires’ Disease
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Tuberculosis
Learning Outcomes
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Inhalational Anthrax
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System
Influenza
Learning Outcomes
Coronavirus Respiratory Syndromes
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Other Viral Respiratory Diseases
Learning Outcome
Mycoses of the Lower Respiratory System
Learning Outcome
Coccidioidomycosis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Blastomycosis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Histoplasmosis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chapter Summary
Structures of the Respiratory System
Bacterial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System, Sinuses, and Ears
Viral Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System
Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System
Viral Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System
Mycoses of the Lower Respiratory System
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Modified True/False
Visualize It!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
23 Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System
Structures of the Digestive System
Learning Outcomes
The Gastrointestinal Tract
The Accessory Digestive Organs
Microbiome of the Digestive System
Learning Outcome
Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System
Dental Caries, Gingivitis, and Periodontal Disease
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens, Virulence Factors, and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Learning Outcomes
General Features
Shigellosis
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Traveler’s Diarrhea
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Campylobacter Diarrhea
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
C. diff. (Antimicrobial-Associated) Diarrhea
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment
Salmonellosis and Typhoid Fever
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Cholera
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Bacterial Food Poisoning (Intoxication)
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Diseases of the Digestive System
Oral Herpes
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Mumps
Learning Outcome
Viral Gastroenteritis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral Hepatitis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Protozoan Diseases of the Intestinal Tract
Giardiasis
Learning Outcomes
Cryptosporidiosis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Amebiasis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen, Virulence Factors, and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Helminthic Infestations of the Intestinal Tract
Tapeworm Infestations
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Pinworm Infestations
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Infestation
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Anisakiasis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Infestation
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chapter Summary
Structures of the Digestive System
Microbiome of the Digestive System
Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System
Viral Diseases of the Digestive System
Protozoan Diseases of the Intestinal Tract
Helminthic Infestations of the Intestinal Tract
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Fill in the Blanks
Matching
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
24 Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Structures of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Structures of the Urinary System
Learning Outcome
Structures of the Reproductive Systems
Learning Outcome
Microbiome of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Learning Outcome
Bacterial Diseases of the Urinary System
Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections
Learning Outcomes
Leptospirosis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis
Learning Outcome
Nonvenereal Diseases of the Reproductive Systems
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Bacterial Vaginosis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Vaginal Candidiasis
Learning Outcomes
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Diseases (STDs)
Learning Outcomes
Bacterial STDs
Gonorrhea
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Syphilis
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chlamydial Infections
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogens and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Viral STDs
Genital Herpes
Learning Outcomes
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Genital Warts
Learning Outcomes
Pathogen, Signs, and Symptoms
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Protozoan STDs
Trichomoniasis
Learning Outcome
Signs and Symptoms
Pathogen and Virulence Factors
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Chapter Summary
Structures of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Bacterial Diseases of the Urinary System
Nonvenereal Diseases of the Reproductive Systems
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Diseases (STDs)
Bacterial STDs
Viral STDs
Protozoan STDs
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Matching
Fill in the Blanks
Modified True/False
Short Answer
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
25 Applied and Industrial Microbiology
Food Microbiology
The Roles of Microorganisms in Food Production
Learning Outcome
Bread
Fermented Vegetables
Fermented Meat Products
Fermented Dairy Products
Products of Alcoholic Fermentation
Wine and Spirits
Beer and Sake
Vinegar
The Causes and Prevention of Food Spoilage
Learning Outcomes
Causes of Food Spoilage
Intrinsic Factors in Food Spoilage
Extrinsic Factors in Food Spoilage
Classifying Foods in Terms of Potential for Spoilage
Prevention of Food Spoilage
Food Processing Methods
The Use of Preservatives
Attention to Temperature During Processing and Storage
Foodborne Illnesses
Learning Outcome
Industrial Microbiology
The Roles of Microbes in Industrial Fermentations
Learning Outcome
Industrial Products of Microorganisms
Learning Outcome
Enzymes and Other Industrial Products
Alternative Fuels
Pharmaceuticals
Pesticides and Agricultural Products
Biosensors and Bioreporters
Water Treatment
Learning Outcomes
Water Pollution
Waterborne Illnesses
Treatment of Drinking Water
Water Quality Testing
Treatment of Wastewater
Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Nonmunicipal Wastewater Treatment
Treatment of Agricultural Wastes
Artificial Wetlands
Chapter Summary
Food Microbiology
Industrial Microbiology
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Fill in the Blanks
Matching
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
26 Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes
Environmental Microbiology
Microbial Ecology
Learning Outcomes
Levels of Microbial Associations in the Environment
The Role of Adaptation in Microbial Survival
Bioremediation
Learning Outcome
The Problem of Acid Mine Drainage
Learning Outcome
The Roles of Microorganisms in Biogeochemical Cycles
Learning Outcomes
The Carbon Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Sulfur Cycle
The Phosphorus Cycle
The Cycling of Metals
Soil Microbiology
Learning Outcomes
The Nature of Soils
Factors Affecting Microbial Abundance in Soils
Microbial Populations in Soils
Soilborne Diseases of Humans and Plants
Aquatic Microbiology
Learning Outcome
Types of Aquatic Habitats
Freshwater Ecosystems
Marine Ecosystems
Specialized Novel Aquatic Ecosystems
Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism
Assessing Microorganisms as Potential Agents of Warfare or Terror
Learning Outcome
Criteria for Assessing Biological Threats to Humans
Criteria for Assessing Biological Threats to Livestock and Poultry
Criteria for Assessing Biological Threats to Agricultural Crops
Known Microbial Threats
Human Pathogens
Animal Pathogens
Plant Pathogens
Defense Against Bioterrorism
Roles of Recombinant Genetic Technology in Bioterrorism
Chapter Summary
Environmental Microbiology
Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism
Questions for Review
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Critical Thinking
Concept Mapping
Answers to Questions for Review
Chapter 1
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Matching
Concept Mapping
Chapter 2
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 3
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 4
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 5
Multiple Choice
Matching
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 6
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 7
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 8
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 9
Multiple Choice
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 10
Multiple Choice
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 11
Modified True/False
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 12
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Fill in the Blanks
Concept Mapping
Chapter 13
Multiple Choice
Matching
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 14
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 15
Multiple Choice
Modified True/False
Matching
Visualize It!
Concept Mapping
Chapter 16
Multiple Choice
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Appendix A Abridged Microbiology in Nursing and Allied Health (MINAH) Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines
Impact of Microorganisms in Health and Disease
Microbial Pathogenicity
Identifying and Managing Infectious Diseases
Healthcare-Acquired Infections and Epidemiology
Controlling Microbial Growth to Limit Disease
Scientific Thinking and Critical Thinking Skills
Microbiology Laboratory Skills
Appendix B Pronunciations of Selected Organisms and Viruses
Appendix C Metabolic Pathways
Appendix D Some Mathematical Considerations in Microbiology
Scientific Notation
Logarithms
Generation Time
Glossary
Credits
Photo Credits

ROBERT W. BAUMAN is a professor of biology and past chairman of the Department of Biological Sciences at Amarillo College in Amarillo, Texas. He has taught microbiology, human anatomy and physiology, and botany for over thirty years. In 2004, the students of Amarillo College selected Dr. Bauman as the recipient of the John F. Mead Faculty Excellence Award and he has been nominated for the one-time award every year since. He received an M.A. degree in botany from the University of Texas at Austin and a Ph.D. in biology from Stanford University. His research interests have included the morphology and ecology of freshwater algae, the cell biology of marine algae (particularly the deposition of cell walls and intercellular communication), environmentally triggered chromogenesis in butterflies, and terrestrial oil pollution remediation by naturally occurring bacteria. He is a member of the American Society of Microbiology (ASM) where he has held national offices, Texas Community College Teachers Association (TCCTA) where he serves in a statewide position of leadership, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS), and The Lepidopterists’ Society. When he is not writing books, he enjoys spending time with his family: gardening, hiking, camping, rock climbing, backpacking, cycling, skiing, and reading by a crackling fire in the winter and in a gently swaying hammock in the summer.

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