Abnormal Psychology 18th Edition by Jill M. Hooley, ISBN-13: 978-0135190906

Abnormal Psychology 18th Edition by Jill M. Hooley, ISBN-13: 978-0135190906

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 18th edition (January 8, 2019)
•  Language: ‎ English
• 768 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0135190908
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0135190906

For courses in Abnormal Psychology.

Abnormal Psychology provides an engaging, comprehensive introduction to the primary psychological disorders, with DSM-5 coverage throughout. Authors Jill Hooley, Matthew Nock and James Butcher focus on the individuals at the heart of the study of abnormal psychology. This biopsychosocial approach helps you understand the holistic context in which abnormalities of behavior occur.

The 18th Edition reflects the newest and most relevant research findings in this ever-changing field, presented in ways designed to be as engaging as possible. The text covers the most up-to-date topics in the field, including gender dysphoria, paraphilic disorders and the latest applications of brain imaging techniques.

Table of Contents:

Abnormal Psychology
Brief Contents
Contents
Features
DSM-5: A Quick Guide
Preface
Why Do You Need This New Edition?
So What’s New?
Features and Pedagogy
Revel™
Revel Combo Card
Supplement Package
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches
Learning Objectives
What Do We Mean by Abnormality?
Indicators of Abnormality
The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder
Classification and Diagnosis
What Are the Disadvantages of Classification?
How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward People Who Are Mentally Ill?
Culture and Abnormality
How Common Are Mental Disorders?
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders
The Global Burden of Disease
Treatment
Mental Health Professionals
Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology
Sources of Information
Case Studies
Self-Report Data
Observational Approaches
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Sampling and Generalization
Internal and External Validity
Criterion and Comparison Groups
Correlational Research Designs
Measuring Correlation
Statistical Significance
Effect Size
Meta-Analysis
Correlations and Causality
Retrospective versus Prospective Strategies
The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology
Studying the Efficacy of Therapy
Single-Case Experimental Designs
Animal Research
Summary
1.1 Explain how we define abnormality and classify mental disorders.
1.2 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of classification.
1.3 Explain how culture affects what is considered abnormal, and describe two different culture-specific disorders.
1.4 Distinguish between incidence and prevalence, and identify the most common and prevalent mental disorders.
1.5 Discuss why abnormal psychology research can be conducted in almost any setting.
1.6 Describe three different approaches used to gather information about mental disorders.
1.7 Explain why a control (or comparison group) is necessary to adequately test a hypothesis.
1.8 Discuss why correlational research designs are valuable, even though they cannot be used to make causal inferences.
1.9 Explain the key features of an experimental design.
Key Terms
Chapter 2 Earliest Views of Abnormal Behavior
Learning Objectives
The First Views of Mental Disorders
Demonology, Gods, and Magic
Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts
Early Philosophical Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior
Early Chinese Conceptualizations of Abnormal Behavior
Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages
Views of Abnormal Behavior in the 1500s and 1600s
The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe
The Establishment of Early Asylums
Humanitarian Reform
Pinel’s Experiment and Tuke’s Work in England
Rush and Moral Management in America
Dix and the Mental Hygiene Movement
Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders in the 1800s and 1900s
Nineteenth Century Views of Mental Disorders and the Increasing Role of Psychiatrists
Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century
The Emergence of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior
Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorders
General Paresis and Syphilis
Brain Pathology as a Causal Factor
The Development of a Classification System for Mental Disorders
Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder
Mesmerism
The Beginnings of Psychoanalysis
The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology
Summary
2.1 Explain the first views of mental disorders.
2.2 Describe the effect that scientific thinking had on views of abnormal behavior and the rise of early asylums.
2.3 Describe the historical development of humanitarian reform.
2.4 Describe the changes in social attitudes that led to changes in how we think about and treat mental disorders.
2.5 Identify developments that led to the contemporary view of abnormal psychology.
Key Terms
Chapter 3 Causal Factors and Viewpoints
Learning Objectives
Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior
Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes
Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior
Diathesis–Stress Models
Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior
The Biological Perspective
Genetic Vulnerabilities
Genotype–Environment Interactions
Genotype–Environment Correlations
Methods for Studying Genetic Influences
Separating Genetic and Environmental Influences
Linkage Analysis and Association Studies
Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity
Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones
Imbalances of Neurotransmitter Systems
Hormonal Imbalances
Temperament
The Impact of the Biological Viewpoint
The Psychological Perspective
The Psychodynamic Perspective
Fundamentals of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
The Structure of Personality: Id, Ego, and Superego
Anxiety, Defense Mechanisms, and the Unconscious
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Newer Psychodynamic Perspectives
Ego Psychology
Object-Relations Theory
The Interpersonal Perspective
Attachment Theory
Impact of the Psychoanalytic Perspective
The Behavioral Perspective
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Generalization and Discrimination
Observational Learning
Impact of the Behavioral Perspective
The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective
Schemas and Cognitive Distortions
Attributions, Attributional Style, and Psychopathology
Cognitive Therapy
The Impact of the Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective
What the Adoption of a Perspective Does and Does Not Do
The Social Perspective
Early Deprivation or Trauma
Institutionalization
Neglect and Abuse in the Home
Separation
Problems in Parenting Style
Parental Psychopathology
Parenting Styles: Warmth and Control
Authoritative Parenting
Authoritarian Parenting
Permissive/Indulgent Parenting
Neglectful/Uninvolved Parenting
Marital Discord and Divorce
Marital Discord
Divorced Families
Effects of Divorce on Parents
Effects of Divorce on Children
Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment
Maladaptive Peer Relationships
Bullying
Sources of Popularity versus Rejection
Prejudice and Discrimination in Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
The Impact of the Social Perspective
The Cultural Perspective
Summary
3.1 Distinguish between risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior.
3.2 List the perspectives that psychologists take to understand the causes of abnormal behavior.
3.3 Explain what the biological perspective tells us about abnormal behavior and also explain the biological causal factors of abnormal behavior.
3.4 Describe the most prominent psychological perspectives on abnormal psychology.
3.5 Describe three social factors known to contribute to abnormal behavior.
3.6 Explain how cultural differences can influence perceptions of abnormal behavior.
Key Terms
Chapter 4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Learning Objectives
Three Fundamental Concepts
Reliability
Validity
Standardization
The Nature and Goals of Assessment
Important Factors Influencing Assessment
Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures
The Influence of Professional Orientation
Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client
Methods of Psychosocial Assessment
Clinical Interviews
Structured Interviews
Semi-Structured Interviews
Unstructured Interviews
The Clinical Observation of Behavior
Psychological Tests
Intelligence Tests
Projective Personality Tests
The Rorschach
The Thematic Apperception Test
Sentence Completion Test
Objective Personality Tests
The MMPI
The Validity and Clinical Scales of the MMPI
Advantages and Limitations of Objective Personality Tests
Physical Assessment
Physical Examination
The Neuropsychological Examination
Neurological Approaches to Assessment
CT Scan
MRI
Pet Scans: A Metabolic Portrait
Integrating Assessment Data and Optimizing Decision Making
Classifying Abnormal Behavior
Approaches to Classification
The Categorical Approach
The Dimensional Approach
The Prototypal Approach
Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders
THE EVOLUTION OF THE DSM
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DSM-5
Labeling and Stigma
Summary
4.1 Explain reliability, validity, and standardization.
4.2 Identify the basic elements in assessment.
4.3 Describe three sources of influence that can impact the assessment process.
4.4 Explain the interview process, clinical observation, and testing in psychosocial assessment.
4.5 Describe the methods used for physical and neurological assessment.
4.6 Discuss how practitioners integrate assessment data and optimize decision making in treatment planning.
4.7 Explain the approaches used to classify abnormal behavior.
Key Terms
Chapter 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health
Learning Objectives
What Is Stress?
Stress and the DSM
Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress
Characteristics of Stressors
Measuring Life Stress
Resilience
Stress and Physical Health
The Stress Response
The Mind–Body Connection
Understanding the Immune System
Stress and Immune System Functioning
Stress and Cytokines
Chronic Stress and Inflammation
Stress and Premature Aging
Emotions and Health
Personality
Depression
Anxiety
Social Isolation and Lack of Social Support
Positive Emotions
The Importance of Emotion Regulation
Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders
Biological Interventions
Psychological Interventions
Emotional Disclosure
Biofeedback
Relaxation and Meditation
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Stress and Mental Health
Adjustment Disorder
Adjustment Disorder Caused by Unemployment
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Acute Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors
Prevalence of PTSD in the General Population
Rates of PTSD after Traumatic Experiences
The Trauma of Military Combat
Mental Health Consequences of Deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan
Causal Factors in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Individual Risk Factors
Biological Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Long-Term Effects of Posttraumatic Stress
Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Prevention
Treatment for Stress Disorders
Telephone Hotlines
Crisis Intervention
Psychological Debriefing
Medications
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments
Trauma and Physical Health
Summary
5.1 Explain the factors that make people more stress sensitive and the characteristics of stressors that make them hardest to cope with.
5.2 Summarize how the body responds to stress.
5.3 Explain how stress causes dysregulation in the immune system.
5.4 Describe the role that emotions play in physical health and identify helpful and harmful emotions.
5.5 Explain the psychological interventions that can be used to reduce stress and treat stress-related disorders.
5.6 Identify the similarities and differences between adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder.
5.7 Describe the clinical features of and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder.
5.8 Explain the treatment approaches that are used to help people with PTSD.
Key Terms
Chapter 6 Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders
Learning Objectives
The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns
Fear
Anxiety
Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities
Specific Phobias
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Psychological Causal Factors
Psychoanalytic Viewpoint
Phobias as Learned Behavior
Vicarious Conditioning
Individual Differences in Learning
Evolutionary Preparedness for Learning Certain Fears and Phobias
Biological Causal Factors
Treatments
Social Anxiety Disorder
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Psychological Causal Factors
Social Anxiety as Learned Behavior
Social Fears and Phobia in an Evolutionary Context
Perceptions of Uncontrollability and Unpredictability
Cognitive Biases
Biological Causal Factors
Treatments
Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies
Medications
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Comorbidity with Other Disorders
The Timing of a First Panic Attack
Biological Causal Factors
Genetic Factors
Panic and the Brain
Biochemical Abnormalities
Psychological Causal Factors
Cognitive Theory of Panic
Comprehensive Learning Theory of Panic Disorder
Anxiety Sensitivity and Perceived Control
Safety Behaviors and the Persistence of Panic
Cognitive Biases and the Maintenance of Panic
Treatments
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments
Medications
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Comorbidity with Other Disorders
Psychological Causal Factors
The Psychoanalytic Viewpoint
Perceptions of Uncontrollability and Unpredictability
A Sense of Mastery: The Possibility of Immunizing Against Anxiety
The Reinforcing Properties of Worry
The Negative Consequences of Worry
Cognitive Biases for Threatening Information
Biological Causal Factors
Genetic Factors
Neurotransmitter and Neurohormonal Abnormalities
A Functional Deficiency in GABA
The Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone System and Anxiety
Neurobiological Differences Between Anxiety and Panic
Treatments
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment
Medications
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
Comorbidity with Other Disorders
Psychological Causal Factors
OCD as Learned Behavior
OCD and Preparedness
The Effects of Attempting to Suppress Obsessive Thoughts
Appraisals of Responsibility for Intrusive Thoughts
Cognitive Biases and Distortions
Biological Causal Factors
Genetic Factors
OCD and the Brain
Neurotransmitter Abnormalities
Treatments
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments
Medications
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences
RELATIONSHIP TO OCD AND EATING DISORDERS
WHY NOW?
Causal Factors: A Biopsychosocial Approach to BDD
Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hoarding Disorder
Trichotillomania
Cultural Perspectives
Summary
6.1 Distinguish between fear and anxiety.
6.2 Describe the essential features of anxiety disorders.
6.3 Explain the clinical features of specific phobias.
6.4 Discuss the clinical features of social anxiety.
6.5 Describe the clinical features of panic disorder.
6.6 Explain the clinical aspects of generalized anxiety disorder.
6.7 Describe the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how it is treated.
6.8 Summarize some examples of cultural differences in sources of worry.
Key Terms
Chapter 7 Mood Disorders and Suicide
Learning Objectives
Mood Disorders: An Overview
Types of Mood Disorders
The Prevalence of Mood Disorders
Unipolar Depressive Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Depression as a Recurrent Disorder
Depression Throughout the Life Cycle
Specifiers for Major Depressive Episodes
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Other Forms of Depression
Loss and the Grieving Process
POSTPARTUM “BLUES”
Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders
Biological Causal Factors
Genetic Influences
Neurochemical Factors
Abnormalities of Hormonal Regulatory and Immune Systems
Neurophysiological and Neuroanatomical Influences
Sleep and Other Biological Rhythms
Sleep
Circadian Rhythms
Sunlight and Seasons
Biological Explanations for Sex Differences
Psychological Causal Factors
Stressful Life Events as Causal Factors
Different Types of Vulnerabilities for Unipolar Depression
Personality and Cognitive Diatheses
Early Adversity as a Diathesis
Summary
Psychodynamic Theories
Behavioral Theories
Beck’s Cognitive Theory
Evaluating Beck’s Theory as a Descriptive Theory
Evaluating the Causal Aspects of Beck’s Theory
The Helplessness and Hopelessness Theories of Depression
The Reformulated Helplessness Theory
The Hopelessness Theory of Depression
The Ruminative Response Styles Theory of Depression
Comorbidity of Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Interpersonal Effects of Mood Disorders
Lack of Social Support and Social-Skills Deficits
The Effects of Depression on Others
Marriage and Family Life
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Cyclothymic Disorder
Bipolar Disorders (I and II)
Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders
Biological Causal Factors
Genetic Influences
Neurochemical Factors
Abnormalities of Hormonal Regulatory Systems
Neurophysiological and Neuroanatomical Influences
Sleep and Other Biological Rhythms
Psychological Causal Factors
Stressful Life Events
Other Psychological Factors in Bipolar Disorder
Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders
Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms
Cross-Cultural Differences in Prevalence
Treatments and Outcomes
Pharmacotherapy
The Course of Treatment with Antidepressant Drugs
Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs
Alternative Biological Treatments
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Deep Brain Stimulation
Bright Light Therapy
Psychotherapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Behavioral Activation Treatment
Interpersonal Therapy
Family and Marital Therapy
Conclusions
Suicide: The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern
Who Attempts and Dies by Suicide?
Psychological Disorders
Other Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicide
Biological Factors
Theoretical Models of Suicidal Behavior
Suicide Prevention and Intervention
Treatment of Mental Disorders
Crisis Intervention
Focus on High-Risk Groups and Other Measures
Summary
7.1 Describe the types of mood disorders, their primary symptoms, and their prevalence.
7.2 Distinguish between the different types of depressive disorders.
7.3 Describe the factors believed to cause unipolar mood disorders.
7.4 List and distinguish among different types of bipolar disorders.
7.5 Describe the causal factors influencing the development and maintenance of bipolar disorders.
7.6 Explain how cultural factors can influence the expression of mood disorders.
7.7 Describe and distinguish between different treatments for mood disorders.
7.8 Describe the prevalence and clinical picture of suicidal behaviors.
7.9 Explain the efforts currently used to prevent and treat suicidal behaviors.
Key Terms
Chapter 8 Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders
Learning Objectives
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: An Overview
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder
Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Range of Conversion Disorder Symptoms
Sensory Symptoms or Deficits
Motor Symptoms or Deficits
Seizures
Important Issues in Diagnosing Conversion Disorder
Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics
Causes of Conversion Disorders
Treatment of Conversion Disorder
Factitious Disorder
Identifying Factitious Disorder
Distinguishing Between Different Types of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Dissociative Disorders: An Overview
Depersonalization/ Derealization Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Causal Factors and Controversies about DID
IS DID A REAL DISORDER OR ARE PEOPLE FAKING?
HOW DOES DID DEVELOP?
ARE RECOVERED MEMORIES OF ABUSE IN DID REAL OR FALSE?
IF ABUSE HAS OCCURRED, DOES IT PLAY A CAUSAL ROLE IN DID?
Current Perspectives
Cultural Factors, Treatments, and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders
Cultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders
Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders
Summary
8.1 List four disorders included in the DSM-5 category of somatic symptom and related disorders.
8.2 Explain the causes of and treatments for somatic symptom disorder.
8.3 Identify the key difference between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder.
8.4 Summarize the clinical features of conversion disorder, also noting its prevalence, causes, and treatment.
8.5 Explain the difference between factitious disorder and malingering.
8.6 List three DSM-5 dissociative disorders.
8.7 Summarize the clinical features of depersonalization/derealization disorder.
8.8 Describe the clinical features of dissociative amnesia.
8.9 Describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder and explain why this disorder is so controversial.
8.10 Describe the cultural factors, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders.
Key Terms
Chapter 9 Eating Disorders and Obesity
Learning Objectives
Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Age of Onset and Gender Differences
Prevalence of Eating Disorders
Medical Complications of Eating Disorders
Course and Outcome
Diagnostic Crossover
Association of Eating Disorders with Other Forms of Psychopathology
Eating Disorders Across Cultures
Risk and Causal Factors in Eating Disorders
Biological Factors
Genetics
Brain Abnormalities
Set Points
Serotonin
Reward Sensitivity
Sociocultural Factors
Family Influences
Individual Risk Factors
Gender
Internalizing the Thin Ideal
Perfectionism
Negative Body Image
Dieting
Negative Emotionality
Treatment of Eating Disorders
Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
Medications
Family Therapy
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa
Medications
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder
The Problem of Obesity
Medical Issues and Prevalence
Weight Stigma
Obesity and the DSM
Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity
The Role of Genes
Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation
Sociocultural Influences
Family Influences
Stress and “Comfort Food”
Pathways to Obesity
Treatment of Obesity
Lifestyle Modifications
Medications
Bariatric Surgery
The Importance of Prevention
Summary
9.1 Identify the clinical aspects of eating disorders.
9.2 Explain the risk and causal factors in eating disorders.
9.3 Discuss how eating disorders are treated.
9.4 Define obesity and explain why it is a worldwide problem.
9.5 Describe who is most at risk for obesity.
9.6 Explain current treatments for obesity.
Key Terms
Chapter 10 Personality Disorders
Learning Objectives
Clinical Features of Personality Disorders
Challenges in Personality Disorders Research
Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders
Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Causal Factors
A Developmental Perspective
Borderline Personality Disorder
Comorbidity with Other Disorders
Causal Factors
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders
Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders
Adapting Therapeutic Techniques to Specific Personality Disorders
Treating Borderline Personality Disorder
Psychosocial Treatments
Biological Treatments
Treating Other Personality Disorders
Psychopathy
Dimensions of Psychopathy
The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy
Inadequate Conscience Development
Irresponsible and Impulsive Behavior
Ability to Impress and Exploit Others
Causal Factors in Psychopathy
Genetic Influences
Fearlessness and Impaired Fear Conditioning
Response Modulation and Attention
General Emotional Deficits
Early Parental Loss, Parental Rejection, and Inconsistency
Developmental and Social Perspectives on Psychopathy
Assessing Children
Sociocultural Factors
Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic Personality
Summary
10.1 Describe the general features of personality disorders.
10.2 Summarize the challenges of doing research on personality disorders.
10.3 List the three Cluster A personality disorders and describe the key clinical features of each.
10.4 Describe the four Cluster B personality disorders and explain what common features they share.
10.5 List the three Cluster C personality disorders and describe the clinical features that are central to each.
10.6 Explain the role that sociocultural factors might play in the prevalence of personality disorders.
10.7 Discuss the challenges associated with treating personality disorders and summarize the approaches that are used.
10.8 Describe the clinical features of psychopathy and explain how it is similar to and different from antisocial personality disorder.
Key Terms
Chapter 11 Substance-Related Disorders
Learning Objectives
Alcohol-Related Disorders
The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Use Disorder
The Clinical Picture of Alcohol-Related Disorders
Alcohol’s Effects on the Brain
Development of Alcohol Dependence
THE PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE
Psychosocial Effects of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Psychoses Associated with Severe Alcohol Abuse
Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder
Biological Causal Factors in Alcohol Use Disorder
The Neurobiology of Addiction
Genetic Vulnerability
Genetics—Many Remaining Questions
Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Failures in Parental Guidance
Psychological Vulnerability
Stress, Tension Reduction, and Reinforcement
Expectations of Social Success
MARITAL AND OTHER INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
Sociocultural Causal Factors
Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders
Use of Medications in Treating Alcohol Abuse and Dependency
Medications to Block the Desire to Drink
Medications to Reduce the Side Effects of Acute Withdrawal
Psychological Treatment Approaches
Group Therapy
Environmental Intervention
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Controlled Drinking versus Abstinence
Alcoholics Anonymous
Outcome Studies and Issues in Treatment
Relapse Prevention
Substance Use Disorder
Opium and Its Derivatives
Biological Effects of Morphine and Heroin
Social Effects of Morphine and Heroin
Causal Factors in Opiate Abuse and Dependence
Neural Bases for Physiological Addiction
Addiction Associated with Psychopathology
Treatments and Outcomes
Stimulants
Cocaine
Effects of Cocaine Abuse
Treatments and Outcomes
Amphetamines
Effects of Amphetamine Abuse
Treatments and Outcomes
Methamphetamine
Caffeine and Nicotine
Caffeine
Nicotine
Sedatives
Effects of Barbiturates
Causal Factors in Barbiturate Abuse and Dependence
Treatments and Outcomes
Hallucinogens
LSD
Mescaline and Psilocybin
Ecstasy
Marijuana
Effects of Marijuana
Treatment
Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones
Gambling Disorder
Summary
11.1 Describe the characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence.
11.2 Explain the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors involved in alcohol use disorder.
11.3 Discuss the treatment of alcohol-related disorders.
11.4 List the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with substance use disorder.
11.5 Describe the commonly used opiates and their effects on the body.
11.6 Discuss the different types of stimulants and their effects.
11.7 Describe the effects of sedatives on the brain.
11.8 List four different types of hallucinogens.
11.9 Explain whether there are addictive disorders other than alcohol and drugs.
Key Terms
Chapter 12 Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders
Learning Objectives
Sexual Dysfunctions
Sexual Dysfunctions in Men
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Erectile Disorder
Premature (Early) Ejaculation
Delayed Ejaculation Disorder
Sexual Dysfunctions in Women
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Gender Dysphoria
The Clinical Picture
Treatment for Gender Dysphoria
Paraphilic Disorders
Voyeuristic Disorder
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Frotteuristic Disorder
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Fetishistic Disorder
Transvestic Disorder
Causal Factors and Treatments for Paraphilic Disorders
Sexual Abuse
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Controversies Concerning Childhood Sexual Abuse
Children’s Testimony
Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse
Pedophilic Disorder
Incest
Rape
Prevalence
Is Rape Motivated by Sex or Aggression?
Rape and its Aftermath
Rapists and Causal Considerations
Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders
Psychotherapies and their Effectiveness
Biological and Surgical Treatments
Combining Psychological and Biological Treatments
Summary
Summary
12.1 Define sexual dysfunction.
12.2 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among men.
12.3 Describe some of the most commonly experienced sexual dysfunctions among women.
12.4 Explain the key characteristics of gender dysphoria.
12.5 List and describe four types of paraphilic disorders.
12.6 Describe three primary types of sexual abuse.
Key Terms
Chapter 13 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Learning Objectives
Schizophrenia
Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct
Epidemiology
Clinical Picture
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized Speech
Disorganized Behavior
Negative Symptoms
Other Psychotic Disorders
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder
Delusional Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Genetic and Biological Factors
Genetic Factors
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
The Quality of the Adoptive Family
Molecular Genetics
Endophenotypes
Prenatal Exposures
Viral Infection
Rhesus Incompatibility
Pregnancy and Birth Complications
Early Nutritional Deficiency
Maternal Stress
Genes and Environment in Schizophrenia: A Synthesis
A Neurodevelopmental Perspective
Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities
Neurocognition
Social Cognition
Loss of Brain Volume
Affected Brain Areas
White Matter Problems
Brain Functioning
Cytoarchitecture
Brain Development in Adolescence
Synthesis
Neurochemistry
Psychosocial and Cultural Factors
Do Bad Families Cause Schizophrenia?
Families and Relapse
Urban Living
Immigration
Cannabis Use and Abuse
A Diathesis–Stress Model of Schizophrenia
Treatments and Outcomes
Clinical Outcome
Pharmacological Approaches
First-Generation Antipsychotics
Second-Generation Antipsychotics
Other Approaches
The Patient’s Perspective
Psychosocial Approaches
Case Management
Family Therapy
Psychoeducation
Social-Skills Training
Cognitive Remediation
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Exercise
Summary
13.1 Describe the prevalence of schizophrenia and who is most affected.
13.2 Identify the symptoms of schizophrenia as described in DSM-5.
13.3 List four different types of psychotic disorders and state one way in which each is different from schizophrenia.
13.4 Explain the genetic and biological risk and causal factors associated with schizophrenia.
13.5 Discuss how the brain is affected in schizophrenia.
13.6 Explain the psychosocial and cultural factors associated with schizophrenia.
13.7 Describe the clinical outcome of schizophrenia and how it is treated, noting the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of antipsychotic medications.
Key Terms
Chapter 14 Neurocognitive Disorders
Learning Objectives
Brain Impairment in Adults
Clinical Signs of Brain Damage
Diffuse versus Focal Damage
The Neurocognitive/ Psychopathology Interaction
Delirium
Clinical Picture
Treatments and Outcomes
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Parkinson’s Disease
Huntington’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease
Clinical Picture
Prevalence
Causal Factors
Neuropathology
Treatment and Outcome
Early Detection
Supporting Caregivers
Neurocognitive Disorder Resulting from Vascular Problems
Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment (Amnestic Disorder)
Disorders Involving Head Injury
Clinical Picture
Treatments and Outcomes
Summary
14.1 Describe the impairments associated with neurocognitive disorders and explain the presumed cause of these disorders.
14.2 Summarize the key clinical features of delirium and describe how it is treated.
14.3 Describe two permanent and three reversible causes of neurocognitive disorders.
14.4 Explain the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and describe the changes in the brain that are found in patients with this disease.
14.5 Explain how vascular events can cause neurocognitive problems.
14.6 Summarize how profound impairments in memory can be caused.
14.7 Describe some of the clinical consequences of head trauma and explain the factors that are related to the degree of impairment that results.
Key Terms
Chapter 15 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
Learning Objectives
Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children
The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders
Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents
Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Causal Factors in Anxiety Disorders
Treatments and Outcomes
Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Causal Factors in Childhood Depression
Treatments and Outcomes
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Conduct Disorder
Causal Factors in ODD and CD
A Self-Perpetuating Cycle
Age of Onset and Links to Antisocial Personality Disorder
Psychosocial Factors
Treatments and Outcomes
Elimination Disorders
Enuresis
Encopresis
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD Beyond Adolescence
Causal Factors in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Treatments and Outcomes
Autism Spectrum Disorder
The Clinical Picture of Autistic Spectrum Disorder
A Social Deficit
An Absence of Speech
Self-Stimulation
Maintaining Sameness
Causal Factors in Autism
Treatments and Outcomes of Autism
Tic Disorders
Specific Learning Disorders
Causal Factors in Learning Disorders
Treatments and Outcomes
Intellectual Disability
Levels of Intellectual Disability
Mild Intellectual Disability
Moderate Intellectual Disability
Severe Intellectual Disability
Profound Intellectual Disability
Causal Factors in Intellectual Disability
Genetic-Chromosomal Factors
Infections and Toxic Agents
TRAUMA (PHYSICAL INJURY)
Ionizing Radiation
MALNUTRITION AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Organic Intellectual Disability Syndromes
Down Syndrome
Phenylketonuria
Cranial Anomalies
Treatments, Outcomes, and Prevention
Special Considerations in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents
Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents
The Child’s Inability to Seek Assistance
Vulnerabilities that Place Children at Risk for Developing Emotional Problems
Possibility of Using Parents as Change Agents
NEED TO TREAT PARENTS AS WELL AS CHILDREN
Problem of Placing a Child Outside the Family
Value of Intervening Before Problems Become Acute
Child Advocacy Programs
Summary
15.1 Explain how the understanding of psychological disorders among children and adolescents differs from that of adults.
15.2 Distinguish between developmentally normal and abnormal anxiety and mood in children and adolescents.
15.3 Describe the presentation and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
15.4 List and define elimination disorders.
15.5 Summarize what is known about the characteristics, course, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.
15.6 Describe what is currently known about the causes and treatment of learning disorders.
15.7 Define intellectual disability and name three known causal factors involved in its development.
15.8 Discuss how the treatment of youth differs from that of adults.
Key Terms
Chapter 16 Psychological Treatment
Learning Objectives
An Overview of Treatment
Why Do People Seek Therapy?
Psychological Disorders and Stressful Life Circumstances
Reluctant Clients
People Who Seek Personal Growth
Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services?
The Therapeutic Relationship
Measuring Success in Psychotherapy
Objectifying and Quantifying Change
Client Ratings
Clinician Ratings
Third-Party Ratings
Objective Measures
Overt Behaviors
Would Change Occur Anyway?
Can Therapy Be Harmful?
What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used?
Evidence-Based Treatment
Medication or Psychotherapy?
Combined Treatments
Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment
Behavior Therapy
Exposure Therapy
Aversion Therapy
Modeling
Systematic Reinforcement
Token Economies
Evaluating Behavior Therapy
Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Evaluating Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
Humanistic-Experiential Therapies
Client-Centered Therapy
Motivational Interviewing
Gestalt Therapy
Evaluating Humanistic-Experiential Therapies
Psychodynamic Therapies
Freudian Psychoanalysis
Free Association
Analysis of Dreams
Analysis of Resistance
Analysis of Transference
Psychodynamic Therapy Since Freud
Evaluating Psychodynamic Therapies
Couples and Family Therapy
Couples Therapy
Family Therapy
Eclecticism and Integration
Rebooting Psychotherapy
Sociocultural Perspectives
Social Values and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy and Cultural Diversity
Biological Approaches to Treatment
Antipsychotic Drugs
Antidepressant Drugs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Other Antidepressants
Using Antidepressants to Treat Anxiety Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa, and Personality Disorders
Antianxiety Drugs
Benzodiazepines
Other Antianxiety Medications
Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs
Nonmedicinal Biological Treatments
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Neurosurgery
Summary
16.1 Describe who seeks psychological treatment and what the most common goals are.
16.2 Explain how the success of psychological treatment is measured.
16.3 Describe some of the factors that must be considered to provide optimal treatment.
16.4 List the psychological approaches most often used to treat abnormal behavior.
16.5 Explain the roles that social values and culture play in psychological treatment.
16.6 Describe three biological approaches used to treat abnormal behavior.
Key Terms
Chapter 17 Societal and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology
Learning Objectives
Perspectives on Prevention
Universal Interventions
Biological Strategies
Psychosocial Strategies
Sociocultural Strategies
Selective Interventions
Indicated Interventions
Inpatient Mental Health Treatment
The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community
Aftercare Programs
Involuntary Commitment
Civil Commitment
Assessment of “Dangerousness”
Therapists and the Duty to Warn
Patients’ Rights
The Insanity Defense
Notable NGRI Cases
What Exactly Do We Mean by Insanity?
Competence to Stand Trial
Mental Health Problems and Recidivism
Organized Efforts for Mental Health
The Federal Government and Mental Health
Professional Organizations and Mental Health
The Role of Volunteer Organizations and Agencies
Mental Health Resources in Private Industry
Challenges for the Future
The Need for Planning
The Individual’s Contribution
Summary
17.1 Describe the importance of prevention in mental health care and the major approaches to prevention.
17.2 Explain the role played by inpatient mental health facilities and aftercare programs.
17.3 Summarize the criteria and procedures involved in involuntary commitment.
17.4 Discuss the implications of the Tarasoff decision for practicing clinicians.
17.5 Describe the legal rights that are now afforded to patients with mental disorders.
17.6 Explain the criteria that are used to determine if a person can be judged not guilty by reason of insanity.
17.7 Describe the national and international organizations that promote efforts for mental health.
17.8 Summarize the challenges that people face in advancing mental health improvement in contemporary societies.
Key Terms
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index

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