Medical Terminology for Health Professions 9th Edition by Carol L. Schroeder, ISBN-13: 978-0357513699
[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly
- Publisher: Cengage Learning; 9th edition (September 24, 2021)
- Language: English
- 672 pages
- ISBN-10: 035751369X
- ISBN-13: 978-0357513699
Now in its 9th Edition, Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich’s MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS focuses on the current, relevant terms you need to know to succeed in the health care field. The program is designed to simplify the process of memorizing complex medical terminology by focusing on the importance of word parts — common prefixes, suffixes and root words. Every chapter helps you practice the pronunciation and understanding of key terms through interactive activities, real-life medical scenarios and critical thinking exercises. Reflecting real-world practice, all terms, definitions, procedures, illustrations and data are completely up to date. The latest edition of this market leader includes expanded coverage of gender identity and gender reassignment, COVID-19, advanced directives, durable medical equipment, dental procedures, diabetic pathology, and more.
Table of Contents:
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
About the Authors
Acknowledgements
How to Use This Book
Chapter 1. Introduction to Medical Terminology
Primary Medical Terms
Word Parts are the Key
The Four Types of Word Parts
Word Roots
Combining Forms Vowels
Suffixes
Suffixes as Noun Endings
Suffixes Meaning “Pertaining To”
Suffixes Meaning “Abnormal Condition or Disease”
Suffixes Related to Pathology
Suffixes Related to Procedures
The “Double R” Suffixes
Prefixes
Contrasting and Confusing Prefixes
Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts
Taking Terms Apart
Guessing at Meanings
Medical Dictionary Use
If You Know How to Spell the Word
If You Do Not Know How to Spell the Word
Look Under Categories
Multiple-Word Terms
Searching for Definitions on the Internet
Pronunciation
A Word of Caution
Spelling is always Important
Singular and Plural Endings
Basic Medical Terms to Describe Diseases
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts
arteri/o, ather/o, and arthr/o
-ectomy, -ostomy, and -otomy
Fissure and Fistula
Ileum and Ilium
Infection and Inflammation
Laceration and Lesion
Mucous and Mucus
myc/o, myel/o, and my/o
-ologist and -ology
Palpation and Palpitation
pyel/o, py/o, and pyr/o
Supination and Suppuration
Triage and Trauma
Viral and Virile
Using Abbreviations
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 2. The Human Body in Health and Disease
Anatomical Reference Systems
Anatomy and Physiology Defined
The Body Planes
Body Direction Terms
Major Body Cavities
Structures of the Body
Cells
The Structure of Cells
Stem Cells
Genetics
Dominant and Recessive Genes
The Human Genome
Chromosomes
Dna
Genetic Mutation
Genetic Disorders
Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Pathology of Tissue Formation
Glands
Pathology and Procedures of The Glands
Body Systems and Related Organs
Pathology
Disease Transmission
Outbreaks of Diseases
Types of Diseases
Syndromes
Congenital Disorders
Aging and Death
Advance Directives
Health Care Professionals
Abbreviations Related to the Human Body in Health and Disease
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Word Part Review
Word Part Practice Session
Word Part Post-Test
Chapter 3. The Skeletal System
Structures and Functions of the Skeletal System
The Formation of Bones
The Structure of Bones
The Tissues of Bone
Bone Marrow
Cartilage
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
Joints
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
The Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Skull
Thoracic Cavity
The Shoulders
The Arms
The Wrists, Hands, and Fingers
The Spinal Column
The Pelvis
The Legs and Knees
The Ankles
The Feet and Toes
Medical Specialties Related to the Skeletal System
Pathology of the Skeletal System
Joints
Arthritis
The Spinal Column
Bones
Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Compared
Osteoporosis-Related Fractures
Fractures
Diagnostic Procedures of the Skeletal System
Bone Density Testing
Treatment Procedures of the Skeletal System
Medications
Bone Marrow Transplants
Types of Bone Marrow Transplants
Medical Devices
Joints
Spinal Column
Bones
Treatment of Fractures
Abbreviations Related to the Skeletal System
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 4. The Muscular System
Functions of the Muscular System
Structures of the Muscular System
Muscle Fibers
Fascia
Tendons
Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscles
Smooth Muscles
Myocardial Muscle
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
Muscle Innervation
Antagonistic Muscle Pairs
Contrasting Muscle Motion
Abduction and Adduction
Flexion and Extension
Elevation and Depression
Rotation and Circumduction
Supination and Pronation
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
How Muscles are Named
Muscles Named for Their Origin and Insertion
Muscles Named for Their Action
Muscles Named for Their Location
Muscles Named for Fiber Direction
Muscles Named for Number of Divisions
Muscles Named for Their Size or Shape
Muscles Named for Strange Reasons
Select Muscles and Their Functions
Muscles of the Head
Muscles of the Trunk
Muscles of the Shoulders and Arms
Muscles of the Legs
Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System
Pathology of the Muscular System
Fibers, Fascia, and Tendons
Muscle Disorders
Repetitive Stress Disorders
Sports Injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries
Types of Paralysis
Diagnostic Procedures of the Muscular System
Treatment Procedures of the Muscular System
Medications
Ergonomics
Treatment Techniques
Fascia
Tendons
Muscles
Abbreviations Related to the Muscular System
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 5. The Cardiovascular System
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Structures of the Cardiovascular System
The Heart
The Pericardium
The Walls of the Heart
The Chambers of the Heart
The Valves of the Heart
Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation
The Heartbeat
The Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Blood
Plasma
Formed Elements of the Blood
Blood Types
The Rh Factor
Blood Gases
Medical Specialties Related to the Cardiovascular System
Pathology of the Cardiovascular System
Congenital Heart Defects
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Atherosclerosis
Ischemia
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Failure
Carditis
Diseases of the Myocardium
Heart Valves
Arrhythmia and Cardiac Arrest
Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillations
Blood Vessel Abnormalities
Thromboses and Embolisms
Blood Disorders
Hypertension
Hypotension
Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System
Electrocardiography
Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System
Medications
Additional Medications
Nutritional Interventions
Cardiac Surgery
Clearing Blocked Arteries and Veins
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Treatment of Cardiac Arrest, Arrhythmias, and Valves
Blood Vessels, Blood, and Bleeding
Abbreviations Related to the Cardiovascular System
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 6. The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Functions of the Lymphatic System
Absorption of Fats and Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Creation
Structures of the Lymphatic System
Lymphatic Circulation
Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts
Lymphocytes
Additional Structures of the Lymphatic System
The Tonsils
The Thymus Gland
The Vermiform Appendix
The Spleen
The Immune System’s First Line of Defense
The Antigen–Antibody Reaction
Immunoglobulins
Medical Specialties Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic System
Lymphedema
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Immune System
Allergic Reactions
Autoimmune Disorders
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Treatment of the Immune System
Immunotherapy
Antibody Therapy
HIV Treatment
Immunosuppression
Pathogenic Organisms
Bacteria
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Fungus and Yeast Infections
Parasites
Viral Infections
Herpesviruses
Medications to Control Infections
Oncology
Tumors
Cancer
Carcinomas
Sarcomas
Staging Tumors
Lymphomas
Breast Cancer
Cancer Treatments
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Additional Cancer Treatment Therapies
Abbreviations Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 7. The Respiratory System
Functions of the Respiratory System
The Nose
The Tonsils
The Paranasal Sinuses
The Pharynx
Larynx
The Trachea
The Bronchi
The Alveoli
The Lungs
The Mediastinum
The Pleura
The Diaphragm
Respiration
Inhalation and Exhalation
Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System
Pathology of the Respiratory System
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Asthma
Upper Respiratory Diseases
Pharynx and Larynx
Trachea and Bronchi
Pleural Cavity
Lungs
Breathing Disorders
Lack of Oxygen
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Diagnostic Procedures of the Respiratory System
Tuberculosis Testing
Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System
Medications and Their Administration
The Nose, Throat, and Larynx
The Trachea
The Lungs, Pleura, and Thorax
Respiratory Therapy
Abbreviations Related to the Respiratory System
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 8. The Digestive System
Structures of the Digestive System
The Oral Cavity
The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Stomach
The Small Intestine
The Large Intestine
Digestion
Metabolism
Absorption
The Role of the Mouth, Salivary Glands, and Esophagus
The Role of the Stomach
The Role of the Small Intestine
The Role of the Large Intestine
Medical Specialties Related to the Digestive System
Pathology of the Digestive System
Tissues of the Oral Cavity
Dental Diseases and Conditions
The Esophagus
The Stomach
Nutritional Disorders
Indigestion and Vomiting
Intestinal Disorders
Anorectal and Bowel Movement Pathology
The Liver
The Gallbladder
The Pancreas
Diagnostic Procedures of the Digestive System
Endoscopic Procedures
Treatment Procedures of the Digestive System
The Oral Cavity and Esophagus
Antioxidants and Probiotics
Medications
Nutrition Support
Bariatric Surgery
The Intestines
The Rectum and Anus
The Liver
The Gallbladder
Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 9. The Urinary System
Functions of the Urinary System
Structures of the Urinary System
The Kidneys
The Renal Pelvis
The Ureters
The Urinary Bladder
The Urethra
The Excretion of Urine
Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System
Pathology of the Urinary System
Nephropathy
Renal Failure
Nephrotic Syndrome
Additional Kidney Conditions
Stones
The Ureters
The Urinary Bladder
Neurogenic Bladder
The Prostate Gland
The Urethra
Urinary Tract Infections
Urination
Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System
Radiographic Examinations of the Urinary System
Diagnostic Procedures of the Prostate Gland
Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System
Medications
Nutritional Interventions
Dialysis
The Kidneys
The Ureters
The Urinary Bladder
The Urethra
Prostate Treatment
Abbreviations Related to the Urinary System
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 10. The Nervous System and Mental Health
Functions of the Nervous System
Structures of the Nervous System
Divisions of the Nervous System
The Nerves
The Reflexes
The Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Glial Cells
The Myelin Sheath
The Central Nervous System
The Meninges
Cerebrospinal Fluid
The Parts of the Brain
The Cerebrum
The Thalamus
The Hypothalamus
The Cerebellum
The Brainstem
The Spinal Cord
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Cranial Nerves
The Peripheral Spinal Nerves
The Autonomic Nervous System
Medical Specialties Related to the Nervous System and Mental Health
Pathology of the Nervous System
Conditions of the Head and Meninges
Disorders of the Brain
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Brain Injuries
Levels of Consciousness
Brain Tumors
Strokes
Sleep Disorders
The Spinal Cord
Nerves
Cerebral Palsy
Epilepsy and Seizures
Abnormal Sensations
Diagnostic Procedures of the Nervous System
Treatment Procedures of the Nervous System
Sedative and Hypnotic Medications
Anesthesia
The Brain
Nerves
Mental Health
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Disruptive and Impulse Control Disorders
Bipolar and Depressive Disorders
Eating Disorders
Personality Disorders
Psychotic Disorders
Somatic Symptom Disorders
Substance-Related Disorders
Gender Identity
Medications to Treat Mental Disorders
Psychological Therapies to Treat Mental Disorders
Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 11. Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears
Functions of the Eyes
Structures of the Eyes
The Adnexa of the Eyes
The Eyeball
The Uvea
Normal Action of the Eyes
Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes and Vision
Pathology of the Eyes and Vision
The Eyelids
Additional Adnexa Pathology
Uvea, Cornea, and Sclera
The Eye
Functional Defects
Refractive Disorders
Blindness
Diagnostic Procedures for Vision and the Eyes
Diagnostic Procedures for Vision
Diagnostic Procedures for the Eyes
Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision
The Orbit and Eyelids
The Conjunctiva and Eyeball
Corrective Lenses
Laser Treatments of the Eyes
Functions of the Ears
Structures of the Ears
The Outer Ear
The Middle Ear
The Inner Ear
Normal Action of the Ears
Medical Specialties Related to the Ears and Hearing
Pathology of the Ears and Hearing
The Outer Ear
The Middle Ear
The Inner Ear
Hearing Loss
Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing
Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing
The Outer Ear
The Middle Ear
The Inner Ear
Treatments for Hearing Loss
Abbreviations Related to the Special Senses
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 12. Skin: The Integumentary System
Functions of the Integumentary System
Functions of the Skin
Functions of Related Structures
The Structures of the Skin and Its Related Structures
The Skin
The Sebaceous Glands
The Sweat Glands
The Hair
The Nails
Medical Specialties Related to the Integumentary System
Pathology of the Integumentary System
The Sebaceous Glands
The Sweat Glands
The Hair
The Nails
Skin Pigmentation
Bleeding into the Skin
Surface Lesions
Fluid-Filled Lesions
Lesions Through the Skin
Birthmarks
Dermatitis
Erythema
General Skin Conditions
Viral Skin Infections
Bacterial Skin Infections
Fungal Skin Infections
Parasitic Skin Infestations
Skin Growths
Skin Cancer
Burns
Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System
Treatment Procedures of the Integumentary System
Preventive Measures
Burn Treatment
Tissue Removal
Laser and Light Source Treatments of Skin Conditions
Medications for Treatment of the Skin
Cosmetic Procedures
Abbreviations Related to the Integumentary System
Chapter 12: Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercises
Chapter 13. The Endocrine System
Functions of the Endocrine System
Structures of the Endocrine System
The Pituitary Gland
Functions of the Pituitary Gland
Secretions of the Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe
Secretions of the Pituitary Gland: Posterior Lobe
The Pineal Gland
Functions and Secretions of the Pineal Gland
The Thyroid Gland
Functions and Secretions of the Thyroid Gland
The Parathyroid Glands
Functions and Secretions of the Parathyroid Glands
The Thymus
Functions and Secretions of the Thymus
The Pancreas
Functions and Secretions of the Pancreatic Islets
The Adrenal Glands
Functions of the Adrenal Glands
Secretions of the Adrenal Cortex
Secretions of the Adrenal Medulla
The Gonads
Functions of the Gonads
Secretions of the Gonads
Specialized Types of Hormones
Medical Specialties Related to the Endocrine System
Pathology of the Endocrine System
The Pituitary Gland
The Pineal Gland
The Thyroid Gland
The Parathyroid Glands
The Thymus
The Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus
The Adrenal Glands
The Gonads
Diagnostic Procedures Related to the Endocrine System
The Thyroid Gland
Diabetes Mellitus
Treatment Procedures Related to the Endocrine System
The Pituitary Gland
The Thyroid Gland
The Parathyroid Glands
The Thymus
The Pancreas
The Adrenal Glands
Abbreviations Related to the Endocrine System
Chapter 13: Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercises
Chapter 14. The Reproductive Systems
Terms Related to the Reproductive Systems of both Sexes
Functions of the Male Reproductive System
Structures of the Male Reproductive System
The Scrotum and Testicles
The Penis
The Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and the Ejaculatory Duct
The Prostate Gland
The Bulbourethral Glands
The Urethra
Medical Specialties Related to the Male Reproductive System
Pathology of the Male Reproductive System
The Penis
The Testicles and Related Structures
Diagnostic Procedures of the Male Reproductive System
Treatment Procedures of the Male Reproductive System
General Treatment Procedures
Male Sterilization and Fertility
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chlamydia
Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Functions of the Female Reproductive System
Structures of the Female Reproductive System
The External Female Genitalia
The Internal Female Genitalia
Menstruation
Terms Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth
Ovulation
Fertilization
Multiple Births
The Chorion and Placenta
The Amniotic Sac
Gestation
The Mother
Childbirth
Postpartum
Medical Specialties Related to the Female Reproductive System and Childbirth
Pathology of the Female Reproductive System
The Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, and Ovulation
The Uterus
The Cervix
The Vagina
The External Genitalia
Breast Diseases
Menstrual Disorders
Pathology of Pregnancy and Childbirth
Pregnancy
Childbirth and Postpartum
Diagnostic Procedures of the Female Reproductive System
Diagnostic Procedures Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth
Treatment Procedures of the Female Reproductive System
Medications
The Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
The Uterus, Cervix, and Vagina
Mammoplasty
Treatment Procedures Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth
Gender Reassignment
Abbreviations Related to the Reproductive Systems
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Chapter 15. Diagnostic Procedures, Pharmacology, and Complementary Medicine
Diagnostic Procedures
Basic Examination Procedures
Observation
Vital Signs
Auscultation
Palpation and Percussion
Basic Examination Instruments
Recumbent Examination Positions
Laboratory Tests
Blood Tests
Genetic Tests
Urinalysis
Stool Analysis
Endoscopy
Endoscopes
Centesis
Biopsy
Imaging Techniques
Contrast Medium
Radiology
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fluoroscopy
Ultrasonography
Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear Scans
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Positron Emission Tomography
Pharmacology
Frequently Used Drug Administration Abbreviations and Symbols
Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs
Generic and Brand-Name Drugs
Terminology Related to Pharmacology
Medications for Pain Management
Methods of Drug Administration
Non-Medication Prescriptions
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Alternative Medicine
Complementary Medicine
Medical Specialties Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Pharmacology, and Complementary Medicine
Abbreviations Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology
Learning Exercises
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise
Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review
Overview of Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review
Study Tips
Use Your Vocabulary Lists
Use Your Flash Cards
Make Your Own Study List
Review Your Learning Exercises
Help Someone Else
Use the Practice Sessions
Review Session Answer Sheet
Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Sheet
Review Session
Simulated Final Test
Appendix A. Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes
Appendix B. Abbreviations and Their Meanings
Appendix C. Terms Related to Diagnosis, Pathology, and Procedures
The late Ann Ehrlich, who founded this series in 1988, was an experienced teacher, professional author and lifelong student. Considered one of the leading experts in the field of medical terminology, she wrote numerous books on health topics such as dental assisting, practice management, speech therapy and lymphedema.
Carol L. Schroeder has 20 years of experience in finding innovative ways to present medical terminology at a level appropriate for students. Her background in technical writing, translating and research is invaluable in continuously updating content and creating innovative activities and approaches–such as the Medical Mysteries and Human Touch stories featured in this text–to enable instructors to present engaging course material that helps all students succeed.
Laura Ehrlich, a registered nurse, enjoys the fast-paced, challenging environment of the emergency department, as well as the knowledge that her skills save lives. She excels at explaining medical terminology to patients and training other nurses on new procedures, equipment and technology. She is a board-certified emergency nurse, and has been nominated for the DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses.
Katrina Schroeder Smith is a registered dietitian who trained and works at Boston Children’s Hospital, a Harvard Teaching Hospital. After finishing her dietetic internship at Simmons College, she completed the prestigious LEAH (Leadership Education in Adolescent Health) Fellowship in the adolescent department at Boston Children’s Hospital. Currently, she is a clinical dietitian in the adolescent clinic there, specializing in the nutritional care of teenagers with HIV, eating disorders, elevated body weight and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Katrina also writes guides and blogs for the Center for Young Women’s Health and runs a small private practice in Brookline, Massachusetts.
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