Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches 6th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-1071817940

Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches 6th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-1071817940

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• Publisher: ‎ SAGE Publications, Inc; Sixth edition (November 8, 2022)
• Language: ‎ English
• 320 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1071817949
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1071817940

The sixth edition of the best-selling text, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches by John W. Creswell and J. David Creswell, continues to provide clear and concise instruction for designing research projects or developing research proposals. This user-friendly text walks readers through research methods, from reviewing the literature to writing a research question and stating a hypothesis to designing the study. At each step in the process, the authors address qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches to encourage readers to choose the approach that best fits the research question. Numerous examples draw from a wide variety of disciplines, featuring diverse philosophical ideas and modes of inquiry. Features like bullet points, numbered steps, and annotated research examples help students focus on the most important information in research design.

The Sixth Edition has been fully revised to reflect the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association with more inclusive language, updated citation styles, and updated writing suggestions. Learning objectives are now included at the start of each chapter. To help readers better achieve these learning objectives, the authors have clarified and improved the writing exercises to help readers better achieve these learning objectives. The final three chapters detailing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods now have a parallel structure so readers can better compare and contrast these approaches. Chapter 10 on mixed methods in particular has been restructured to reflect the latest developments in mixed methods and best practices. New research examples throughout help capture and demonstrate new trends in research.

Table of Contents:

Preface
Companion Website
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
PART I PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 1 The Selection of a Research Approach
Learning Objectives
Introducing Key Terms in this Chapter
Three Approaches or Methodologies in Research
Three Major Components of a Research Approach
Philosophical Worldviews
The Postpositivist Worldview
The Constructivist Worldview
The Transformative Worldview
The Pragmatic Worldview
Research Designs
Quantitative Designs
Qualitative Designs
Mixed Methods Designs
Research Methods
Interconnecting Worldviews, Designs, and Methods
Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach
The Research Problem and Questions
Personal Experiences
Audience
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 2 Review of the Literature
Learning Objectives
Introduction
The Research Topic
A Draft Title
A Significant Topic
The Purpose and Organization of a Literature Review
Purpose of a Literature Review
The Organization of the Literature Review
General Forms
A Qualitative Structure
A Quantitative Structure
A Mixed Methods Structure
Steps in Conducting a Literature Review
Searching the Literature
Computer Databases
Types of Literature
Priority of the Literature
Overall Evaluation Quality
Abstracting the Literature
Components of an Abstract
Theoretical, Conceptual, and Methodological Abstracts
A Literature Map
Style Manual Use
The Definition of Terms
General Guidelines
Special Terms
► Example 2.2 Defining Terms in a Dissertation
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 3 The Use of Theory
Learning Objectives
Introduction
The Varied Use of Theory
Quantitative Theory Use
Definition of a Theory in Quantitative Research
Variables in Quantitative Research
Testing Causal Claims in Quantitative Research
Stating Theories in Quantitative Research
Placement of Quantitative Theories
Writing a Quantitative Theoretical Perspective
► Example 3.1 A Quantitative Theory Section
Qualitative Theory Use
Variation in Theory Use in Qualitative Research
Locating the Theory in Qualitative Research
► Example 3.2 A Theory Early in a Qualitative Study
► Example 3.3 Theory at the End of a Qualitative Study
Mixed Methods Theory Use
Types of Mixed Methods Theory Use
Importance of a Theory
Distinctions Between a Theory and a Worldview
A Theoretically Driven Mixed Methods Study
What Theory Informs
► Example 3.4 A Discipline-Based Theory in a Mixed Methods Study
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 4 Writing Strategies and Ethical Considerations
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Writing the Proposal
Topics Presented in a Proposal
A Qualitative Proposal
► Example 4.1 A Qualitative Constructivist or Interpretivist Format
A Quantitative Proposal
► Example 4.2 A Qualitative Participatory or Social Justice Format
► Example 4.3 A Quantitative Format
A Mixed Methods Proposal
► Example 4.4 A Mixed Methods Format
Designing the Sections of a Proposal
Writing Strategies
The Process
The Habit of Writing
Clear and Concise Writing
Coherence
Voice, Tense, and “Fat”
Ethical Issues
Prior to Beginning the Study
Beginning the Study
Collecting the Data
Analyzing the Data
Reporting, Sharing, and Storing Data
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
PART II DESIGNING RESEARCH
Chapter 5 The Introduction
Learning Objectives
Introduction to a Study
The Importance of Introductions
An Abstract for a Study
Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Introductions
A Model for an Introduction
An Illustration of an Introduction
The Research Problem
Evidence From the Literature Justifying the Problem
Deficiencies in the Evidence
► Example 5.1 Deficiencies in the Literature—Needed Studies
► Example 5.2 Deficiencies in the Literature—Few Studies
Importance of the Problem for Audiences
► Example 5.3 Significance of the Study Stated in an Introduction to a Quantitative Study
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 6 The Purpose Statement
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Significance of a Purpose (or Study Aim) Statement
A Qualitative Purpose Statement
► Example 6.1 A Purpose Statement in a Qualitative Phenomenology Study
► Example 6.2 A Purpose Statement in a Qualitative Case Study
► Example 6.3 A Purpose Statement in a Narrative Study
► Example 6.4 A Purpose Statement in a Grounded Theory Study
A Quantitative Purpose Statement
► Example 6.5 A Purpose Statement in a Survey Study
► Example 6.6 A Purpose Statement in a Dissertation Survey Study
► Example 6.7 A Purpose Statement in an Experimental Study
A Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
► Example 6.8 A Convergent Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
► Example 6.9 An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
► Example 6.10 An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Purpose Statement
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 7 Research Questions and Hypotheses
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Quantitative Research Questions and Hypotheses
► Example 7.1 Script for a Descriptive Quantitative Research Question
► Example 7.2 Script for a Relationship-Oriented Quantitative Research Question and Directional Hypothesis
► Example 7.3 Example of Quantitative Directional Hypotheses
Qualitative Research Questions
► Example 7.4 A Qualitative Central Question in an Ethnography
► Example 7.5 Qualitative Central Questions in a Case Study
► Example 7.6 Qualitative Sub-Questions
Mixed Methods Research Questions and Hypotheses
► Example 7.7 Statement of Objectives in a Mixed Methods Study
► Example 7.8 Research Questions in a Mixed Methods Study
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 8 Quantitative Methods
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Putting Quantitative Research in Context
Quantitative Designs
Components of a Survey Study Method Plan
The Survey Design
The Purpose
Rationale for Using the Survey Method
Type of Survey Method
Specify the Form of Data Collection
The Population and Sample
The Population
Sampling Design
Type of Sampling
Population Stratification
Sample Size Determination
Power Analysis
Instrumentation
The Survey Instruments Used to Collect Data
Instruments and Measures
Validity of Scores Using the Instrument
Reliability of Scores on the Instrument
Inter-Rater Reliability
Sample Items
Content of an Instrument
Pilot Testing
Administering the Survey
Variables in the Study
Data Analysis
Preregistering the Study Plan
Interpreting Results and Writing a Discussion Section
Reporting Results
Statistical Tests in Survey Research
Practical Evidence
Context of Previous Studies
Components of an Experimental Study Method Plan
Participants
Recruiting Participants
Random Assignment
Power Analysis for Sample Size
Formal Design Statement
Variables
Independent Variables
Manipulation Check
Dependent Variables
Other Variables
Instrumentation and Materials
Materials
Cover Story
Experimental Procedures
Type of Experiment
► Example 8.1 Pre-Experimental Designs
► Example 8.2 Quasi-Experimental Designs
► Example 8.3 True Experimental Designs
► Example 8.4 Single-Subject Designs
Threats to Validity
Internal Validity
External Validity
The Procedure
Data Analysis
Reporting the Descriptive Statistics
Preliminary Analysis
Inferential Statistical Tests
Factorial Designs
Single-Subject Designs
Preregistering the Study Plan
Interpreting Results and Writing a Discussion Section
► Example 8.5 An Experimental Method Plan
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 9 Qualitative Methods
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Putting Qualitative Research Into Context
Participants’ Meanings
Natural Setting
Researcher as Key Instrument
Multiple Sources of Data
Inductive and Deductive Data Analysis
Emergent Design
Reflexivity
Researcher’s Role
A Complex Account
The Approach or Design
Descriptive Methods
Analytic Frameworks
Data Collection Procedures
Sampling and Recruitment
Permissions
Data Collection Types
Ethical Issues
Data Recording Procedures
Observation Protocol or Guide
Interview Protocol
Data Analysis Procedures
Simultaneous Procedures
Winnowing the Data
Using Qualitative Computer Software Programs
Steps in the Analytic Process
Step 1. Organizing and Preparing the Data for Analysis
Step 2. Reading Through All the Data
Step 3. Coding the Data
Step 4. Identifying Themes
Step 5. Developing a Story Line Interpretation
Step 6. Further Analyzing the Data Using an Analytic Framework
Step 7. Representing and Interpreting the Data
Coding the Data
Expected Codes
Surprising Codes
Codes of Unusual or Conceptual Interest
Predetermined Codes
Visual Images as Codes
Interpretation
Validity and Reliability
Defining Qualitative Validity
Validity Strategies
Reliability Strategies
Intercoder Agreement
Qualitative Generalization
Writing the Qualitative Report
Writing Strategies
A Sample Qualitative Method Section
The Qualitative Research Paradigm
The Ethnographic Research Design
The Researcher’s Role
Bounding the Study
Setting
Actors
Events
Processes
Ethical Considerations
Data Collection Strategies
Data Analysis Procedures
Verification
Reporting the Findings
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Chapter 10 Mixed Methods Procedures
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Putting Mixed Methods Research in Perspective
Characteristics of Mixed Methods Research
Justification for Using Mixed Methods Research
Definitions of Mixed Methods Terms
Open- and Closed-Ended Data
Research Design
Integration
Joint Display
Metainferences
The Process of Conducting a Mixed Methods Study
Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection
Core Mixed Methods Designs
The Convergent Mixed Methods Design
Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
Complex Mixed Methods Designs
Types of Complex Designs
Development of Complex Designs
Examples of Complex Designs
Incorporating Core Designs Into Complex Designs
Factors Important in Choosing a Mixed Methods Design
Choice Based on Intent and Procedures
Other Reasons for Choosing a Design
Popular Designs in a Field or Discipline
The Single Researcher Versus a Team
Choice of Design by Advisers or Mentors
Secondary Reasons for a Choice
Examples of Mixed Methods Procedures
► Example 10.1 A Convergent Mixed Methods Design
► Example 10.2 An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
► Example 10.3 An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
► Example 10.4 Social Justice Design
Summary
Key Terms
Writing Exercises
Additional Readings
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index

John W. Creswell is a Professor of Educational Psychology at Teachers College, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He is affiliated with a graduate program in educational psychology that specializes in quantitative and qualitative methods in education. In this program, he specializes in qualitative and quantitative research designs and methods, multimethod research, and faculty and academic leadership issues in colleges and universities.

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