Wilkins’ Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist 13th Edition by Linda D. Boyd, ISBN-13: 978-1496396273

Wilkins’ Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist 13th Edition by Linda D. Boyd, ISBN-13: 978-1496396273

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Jones & Bartlett Learning; 13th edition (February 5, 2020)
• Language: ‎ English
• 1170 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1496396278
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1496396273

Staying true to Esther Wilkins’ pioneering vision that made her best-selling text the “Bible” for dental hygienists, Wilkins’ Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist, Thirteenth Edition progresses through crucial topics in dental hygiene in a straightforward format to ensure students develop the knowledge and skills they need for successful, evidence-based practice in today’s rapidly changing oral health care environment. This cornerstone text, used in almost every dental hygiene education program in the country, has been meticulously updated by previous co-authors, Linda Boyd and Charlotte Wyche, and new co-author Lisa Mallonee to even better meet the needs of today’s students and faculty, while reflecting the current state of practice in dental hygiene. Maintaining the hallmark outline format, the Thirteenth Edition continues to offer the breadth and depth necessary not only for foundation courses but for use throughout the entire dental hygiene curriculum.

Table of Contents:

Preface
Contributors
Reviewers
SECTION I
ORIENTATION TO CLINICAL DENTAL HYGIENE
PRACTICE
CHAPTER 1
The Professional Dental Hygienist
History of the Dental Hygiene Profession
Scope of Dental Hygiene Practice
Objectives for Professional Practice
Standards for Clinical Dental Hygiene Practice
Dental Hygiene Process of Care
Dental Hygiene Ethics
The Code of Ethics
Core Values
Ethical Applications
Legal Factors in Practice
Professionalism
References
CHAPTER 2
Evidence-Based Dental Hygiene Practice
Evidence-Based Practice
A Systematic Approach
Approaches to Research
Ethics in Research
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 3
Effective Health Communication
Types of Communication
Health Communication
Health Literacy
Communication Across the Life Span
Social and Economic Aspects of Health Communication
Cultural Considerations
Interprofessional Communication
Communication with Caregivers
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 4
Dental Hygiene Care in Alternative Settings
Alternative Practice Settings
Residence-Bound Patients
Dental Hygiene Care
The Critically Ill or Unconscious Patient
The Terminally Ill Patient
Documentation
References
SECTION II
PREPARATION FOR DENTAL HYGIENE PRACTICE
CHAPTER 5
Infection Control: Transmissible Diseases
Standard Precautions
Microorganisms of the Oral Cavity
The Infectious Process
Pathogens Transmissible from the Oral Cavity
Tuberculosis
Viral Hepatitis
Human Herpesvirus Diseases
Human Papillomavirus
HIV/AIDS Infection
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 6
Exposure Control: Barriers for Patient and Clinician
Infection Control
Personal Protection for the Dental Team
Clinical Attire
Use of Face Mask: Respiratory Protection
Use of Protective Eyewear
Hand Care
Hand-Hygiene Principles
Methods of Hand Hygiene
Gloves and Gloving
Latex Hypersensitivity
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 7
Infection Control: Clinical Procedures
Infection Control
Treatment Room Features
Instrument Processing Center
Precleaning Procedures
Instrument Packing and Management System
Sterilization
Moist Heat: Steam under Pressure
Dry Heat
Chemical Vapor Sterilizer
Intermediate-Use Steam Sterilization
Chemical Liquid Sterilization
Care of Sterile Instruments
Chemical Disinfectants
Barriers and Surface Covers
Preparation of the Treatment Room
Patient Preparation
Summary of Standard Procedures
Disposal of Waste
Supplemental Recommendations
Occupational Postexposure Management
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 8
Patient Reception and Ergonomic Practice
Preparation for the Patient
Patient Reception
Position of the Patient
Position of the Clinician
Neutral Working Position
The Treatment Area
Ergonomic Practice
Self-Care for the Dental Hygienist
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 9
Emergency Care
Emergency Preparedness
Prevention of Emergencies
Patient Assessment
Stress Minimization
Emergency Materials and Preparation
BLS Certification
Oxygen Administration
Specific Emergencies
Documentation
References
SECTION III
DOCUMENTATION
CHAPTER 10
Documentation for Dental Hygiene Care
The Patient Record
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Documenting the Extra- and Intraoral Examination
Tooth Numbering Systems
Charting of Hard and Soft Tissues
Periodontal Records
Dental Records
Care Plan Records
Informed Consent
Documentation of Patient Visits
References
SECTION IV
ASSESSMENT
CHAPTER 11
Medical, Dental, and Psychosocial Histories
Introduction
History Preparation
The Questionnaire
The Interview
Items Included in the History
Application of Patient Histories
Pretreatment Antibiotic Prophylaxis
American Society of Anesthesiologists Determination
Review and Update of History
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 12
Vital Signs
Introduction
Body Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood Pressure
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 13
Extraoral and Intraoral Examination
Rationale for the Extraoral and Intraoral Examination
Components of Examination
Anatomic Landmarks of the Oral Cavity
Sequence of Examination
Morphologic Categories
Oral Cancer
Clinical Recommendations for Evaluation of Oral Lesions
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 14
Family Violence
Family Violence
Child Abuse and Neglect
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Human Trafficking
Elder Abuse and Neglect
Intimate Partner Violence
Reporting Abuse and/or Neglect
Forensic Dentistry
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 15
Dental Radiographic Imaging
Introduction
How X-Rays are Produced
Digital Radiography
Characteristics of an Acceptable Radiographic Image
Factors That Influence the Finished Radiograph
Exposure to Radiation
Risk of Injury from Radiation
Procedures for Image Receptor Placement and Angulation of
Central Ray
Image Receptor Selection for Intraoral Surveys
Periapical Survey: Paralleling Technique
Bitewing Survey
Periapical Survey: Bisecting-Angle Technique
Occlusal Survey
Panoramic Radiographic Images
Infection Control
Traditional Film Processing
Handheld X-Ray Devices
Analysis of Completed Radiographs
Ownership
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 16
Hard Tissue Examination of the Dentition
The Dentitions
Hard Tissue Examination Procedure
Developmental Enamel Lesions
Developmental Defects of Dentin
Noncarious Dental Lesions
Noncarious Cervical Lesions
Fractures of the Teeth
Dental Caries
Enamel Caries
Early Childhood Caries
Root Caries
Testing for Pulp Vitality
Occlusion
Occlusion of the Primary Teeth
Dynamic or Functional Occlusion
Trauma from Occlusion
Study Models
The Interocclusal Record
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 17
Dental Soft Deposits, Biofilm, Calculus, and Stains
Dental Biofilm and Other Soft Deposits
Acquired Pellicle
Dental Biofilm
Supragingival and Subgingival Dental Biofilm
Composition of Dental Biofilm
Clinical Aspects of Dental Biofilm
Significance of Dental Biofilm
Materia Alba
Food Debris
Calculus
Calculus Composition
Calculus Formation
Attachment of Calculus
Significance of Dental Calculus
Clinical Characteristics
Prevention of Calculus
Dental Stains and Discolorations
Significance of Dental Stains
Extrinsic Stains
Endogenous Intrinsic Stains
Exogenous Intrinsic Stains
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 18
The Periodontium
The Normal Periodontium
The Gingival Description
The Gingiva of Young Children
The Gingiva after Periodontal Surgery
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 19
Periodontal Disease Development
Periodontal-Systemic Disease Connection
Risk Assessment
Etiology of Periodontal Disease
Risk Factors for Periodontal Diseases
Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases
Gingival and Periodontal Pockets
Complications Resulting from Periodontal Disease Progression
The Recognition of Gingival and Periodontal Infections
Classification of Periodontal Health
Classification of Gingivitis
Classification of Periodontitis
Acute Periodontal Lesions
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 20
Periodontal Examination
Basic Instruments for Examination
The Mouth Mirror
Air–Water Syringe
Explorers
Basic Procedures for Use of Explorers
Explorers: Supragingival Procedures
Explorers: Subgingival Procedures
Periodontal Probe
Guide to Periodontal Probing
Preliminary Assessment Prior to Periodontal Examination
Parameters of Care for the Periodontal Examination
Radiographic Changes in Periodontal Disease
Other Radiographic Findings
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 21
Indices and Scoring Methods
Types of Scoring Methods
Indices
Oral Hygiene Status (Biofilm, Debris, and Calculus)
Gingival and Periodontal Health
Dental Caries Experience
Dental Fluorosis
Community-Based Oral Health Surveillance
Documentation
References
SECTION V
DENTAL HYGIENE DIAGNOSIS AND CARE
PLANNING
CHAPTER 22
Dental Hygiene Diagnosis
Introduction
Assessment Findings
The Periodontal Diagnosis and Risk Level
Dental Caries Risk Level
The Dental Hygiene Diagnosis
The Dental Hygiene Prognosis
Putting It All Together
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 23
The Dental Hygiene Care Plan
Preparation of a Dental Hygiene Care Plan
Components of a Written Care Plan
Additional Considerations
Sequencing and Prioritizing Patient Care
Presenting the Dental Hygiene Care Plan
Informed Consent
Documentation
References
SECTION VI
IMPLEMENTATION: PREVENTION
CHAPTER 24
Preventive Counseling and Behavior Change
Steps in a Preventive Program
Patient Counseling
Patient Motivation and Behavior Change
Motivational Interviewing
MI Implementation
Exploring Ambivalence
Eliciting and Recognizing Change Talk
Strengthening Commitment (The Plan)
MI with Pediatric Patients and Caregivers
Motivational Training and Coaching
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 25
Protocols for Prevention and Control of Dental Caries
History of Dental Caries Management
The Dental Caries Process
Dental Caries Classifications
Caries Risk Assessment Systems
Implementation of CRA in the Process of Care
Caries Risk Management Systems
Planning Care for the Patient’s Caries Risk Level
Continuing Care
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 26
Oral Infection Control: Toothbrushes and Toothbrushing
Development of Toothbrushes
Manual Toothbrushes
Power Toothbrushes
Toothbrush Selection for the Patient
Methods for Manual Toothbrushing
The Bass and Modified Bass Methods
The Stillman and Modified Stillman Methods
The Roll or Rolling Stroke Method
Charters Method
The Horizontal (or Scrub) Method
The Fones (or Circular) Method
Leonard’s (or Vertical) Method
Method for Power Toothbrushing
Supplemental Brushing Methods
Guidelines for Toothbrushing Instructions
Toothbrushing for Special Conditions
Adverse Effects of Toothbrushing
Care of Toothbrushes
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 27
Oral Infection Control: Interdental Care
The Interdental Area
Planning Interdental Care
Selective Interdental Biofilm Removal
Interdental Brushes
Dental Floss and Tape
Aids for Flossing
Power Flossers
Single-Tuft Brush (End-Tuft Brush)
Interdental Tip
Toothpick in Holder
Wooden Interdental Cleaner
Oral Irrigation
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 28
Dentifrices and Mouthrinses
Chemotherapeutics
Dentifrices
Preventive and Therapeutic Benefits of Dentifrices
Cosmetic Effects of Dentifrices
Basic Components of Dentifrices: Inactives
Active Components of Dentifrices
Selection of Dentifrices
Mouthrinses
Purposes and Uses of Mouthrinses
Preventive and Therapeutic Agents of Mouthrinses
Commercial Mouthrinse Ingredients
Procedure for Rinsing
Emerging Alternative Practices
United States Food and Drug Administration
American Dental Association Seal of Acceptance Program
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 29
The Patient with Orthodontic Appliances
Cemented Bands and Bonded Brackets
Clinical Procedures for Bonding
Dental Hygiene Care
Clinical Procedures for Band Removal and Debonding
Postdebonding Evaluation
Orthodontic Retention
Postdebonding Preventive Care
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 30
Care of Dental Prosthesis
Missing Teeth
The Edentulous Mouth
Purposes for Wearing a Fixed or Removable Prosthesis
Fixed Partial Denture Prostheses
Removable Partial Denture Prostheses
Complete Denture Prosthesis
Complete Overdenture Prostheses
Obturator
Denture Marking for Identification
Professional Care Procedures for Fixed Prostheses
Patient Self-Care Procedures for Fixed Prostheses
Professional Care Procedures for Removable Partial Prosthesis
Patient Self-Care Procedures for Removable Partial Prostheses
Professional Care Procedures for Complete Dentures
Patient Self-Care Procedures for the Complete Denture
Denture-Induced Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs)
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 31
The Patient with Dental Implants
Bone Physiology
Osseointegration
Implant Interfaces
Types of Dental Implants
Patient Selection
Evaluation for Implant Placement
Post-restorative Evaluation
Peri-Implant Preventive Care
Continuing Care
Classification of Peri-Implant Disease
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 32
The Patient with Nicotine Use Disorders
Health Hazards and Current Trends
Components of Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke
Metabolism of Nicotine
Alternative Tobacco Products
Systemic Effects
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Prenatal and Children
Oral Manifestations of Tobacco and Nicotine Use
Tobacco and Periodontal Infections
Nicotine Addiction
Treatment
Pharmacotherapies Used for Treatment of Nicotine Addiction
Nicotine-Free Therapy
Dental Hygiene Care for the Patient Who Uses Tobacco
Assessment
Clinical Treatment Procedures
Tobacco Cessation Program
Motivational Interviewing
The “5 A’s”
The Team Approach
Advocacy
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 33
Diet and Dietary Analysis
Nutrient Standards for Diet Adequacy in Health Promotion
Oral Health Relationships
Counseling for Dental Caries Control
The Dietary Assessment
Preparation for Additional Counseling
Counseling Procedures
Evaluation of Progress
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 34
Fluorides
Fluoride Metabolism
Fluoride and Tooth Development
Tooth Surface Fluoride
Demineralization–Remineralization
Fluoridation
Effects and Benefits of Fluoridation
Partial Defluoridation
School Fluoridation
Discontinued Fluoridation
Fluorides in Foods
Dietary Fluoride Supplements
Professional Topical Fluoride Applications
Clinical Procedures: Professional Topical Fluoride
Self-Applied Fluorides
Tray Technique: Home Application
Fluoride Mouthrinses
Brush-On Gel
Fluoride Dentifrices
Combined Fluoride Program
Fluoride Safety
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 35
Sealants
Introduction
Sealant Materials
Indications for Sealant Placement
Penetration of Sealant
Clinical Procedures
Maintenance
School-Based Dental Sealant Programs
Documentation
References
SECTION VII
IMPLEMENTATION: TREATMENT
CHAPTER 36
Anxiety and Pain Control
Components of Pain
Pain Control Mechanisms
Nonopioid Analgesics
Nitrous Oxide–Oxygen Sedation
Characteristics of Nitrous Oxide
Equipment for Nitrous Oxide–Oxygen
Patient Selection
Clinical Procedures for Nitrous Oxide–Oxygen Administration
Potential Hazards of Occupational Exposure
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Sedation
Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
Indications for Local Anesthesia
Patient Assessment
Armamentarium for Local Anesthesia
Clinical Procedures for Local Anesthetic Administration
Potential Adverse Reactions to Local Anesthesia
Advantages and Disadvantages of Local Anesthesia
Noninjectable Anesthesia
Topical Anesthesia
Application of Topical Anesthetic
New Developments in Pain Control
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 37
Instruments and Principles for Instrumentation
Overview of Periodontal Instruments
Instrument Design
Grasps and Fulcrum
Instrumentation Basics
Scalers
Curets
Periodontal Files
Powered Instruments
Sonic Scalers
Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Scalers
Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scalers
Powered Instrumentation Technique
Dexterity Development
Cumulative Trauma
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 38
Instrument Care and Sharpening
Instrument Sharpening
Basic Sharpening Principles
Sharpening Curets and Scalers
Moving Flat Stone: Stationary Instrument
Stationary Flat Stone: Moving Instrument
Sharpening the File Scaler
Care of Sharpening Equipment
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 39
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy and Adjunctive Therapy
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
Aims and Expected Outcomes
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy Treatment Goals
Components of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
Dental Hygiene Treatment Care Plan for Periodontal Debridement
Appointment Planning
Preparation for Periodontal Therapy
Advanced Instrumentation
Specialized Debridement Instruments
Post-Op Instruction for Periodontal Debridement Appointments
Re-Evaluation of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
Adjunctive Therapy
Antimicrobial Treatment
Indications for Use of Local Delivery Agents
Types of Local Delivery Agents
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 40
Sutures and Dressings
Sutures
Needles
Knots
Suturing Procedures
Procedure for Suture Removal
Periodontal Dressings
Types of Dressings
Clinical Application
Dressing Removal and Replacement
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 41
Dentinal Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity Defined
Etiology of Dentinal Hypersensitivity
Natural Desensitization
The Pain of Dentin Hypersensitivity
Differential Diagnosis
Hypersensitivity Management
Oral Hygiene Care and Treatment Interventions
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 42
Extrinsic Stain Removal
Introduction
Purposes for Stain Removal
Science of Polishing
Effects of Cleaning and Polishing
Indications for Stain Removal
Clinical Application of Stain Removal
Cleaning and Polishing Agents
Procedures For Stain Removal (Coronal Polishing)
The Power-Driven Instruments
Use of the Prophylaxis Angle
Air-Powder Polishing
Polishing Proximal Surfaces
Historical Perspective: The Porte Polisher
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 43
Tooth Bleaching
Overview of Tooth Bleaching
Vital Tooth Bleaching
Nonvital Tooth Bleaching
Dental Hygiene Process of Care
Documentation
References
SECTION VIII
EVALUATION
CHAPTER 44
Principles of Evaluation
Principles of Evaluation
Evaluation Based on Goals and Outcomes
Evaluation of Clinical (Treatment) Outcomes
Evaluation of Health Behavior Outcomes
Comparison of Assessment Findings
Standard of Care
Self-Assessment and Reflective Practice
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 45
Continuing Care
Goals of the Continuing Care Program
Continuing Care Appointment Procedures
Appointment Intervals (Frequency)
Methods for Continuing Care Systems
Documentation
References
SECTION IX
PATIENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
CHAPTER 46
The Pregnant Patient and Infant
Introduction
Fetal Development
Oral Findings during Pregnancy
Aspects of Patient Care
Patient Instruction
Special Problems Requiring Referral
Transitioning from Pregnancy to Infancy
Infant Oral Health
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 47
The Pediatric Patient
Pediatric Dentistry
The Child as a Patient
Patient Management Considerations
Components of the Dental Hygiene Visit
Periodontal Risk Assessment
Caries Risk Assessment
Anticipatory Guidance
Treatment Planning and Consent
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 48
The Older Adult Patient
Aging
Normal Physiologic Aging
Pathology and Disease
Chronic Conditions Associated with Aging
Oral Changes Associated with Aging
Dental Hygiene Care for the Older Adult Patient
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 49
The Patient with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Classification of Clefts
Etiology
General Physical Characteristics
Oral Characteristics
Treatment
Dental Hygiene Care
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 50
The Patient with a Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Neurodevelopmental Disorders Overview
Intellectual Disorders
Down Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Dental Hygiene Care
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 51
The Patient with a Disability
Disabilities Overview
Barrier-Free Environment
Risk Assessment
Oral Disease Prevention and Control
Patient Management
Wheelchair Transfer
Instruction for Caregivers
Group In-Service Education
The Dental Hygienist with a Disability
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 52
Neurologic Disorders and Stroke
Introduction
Neurologic Disorders Associated with Physical Disability
Other Conditions that Limit Physical Ability
Spinal Cord Injury
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Temporary Facial Paralysis)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Parkinson’s Disease
Postpolio Syndrome
Cerebral Palsy
Muscular Dystrophies
Myelomeningocele
Arthritis
Summary of Considerations for Dental Hygiene Care
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 53
The Patient with an Endocrine Condition
Overview of the Endocrine System
Endocrine Gland Disorders
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Puberty
Women’s Health
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 54
The Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
Oral Health Implications of Diabetes Mellitus
Basics About Insulin
Identification of Individuals at Risk for Development of Diabetes
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis of Diabetes
Standards of Medical Care for Diabetes Mellitus
Pharmacologic Therapy
Complications of Diabetes
Dental Hygiene Care Plan
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 55
The Patient with Cancer
Description
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Mucositis Management
Dental Hygiene Care Plan
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 56
The Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient
Patient Preparation
Dental Hygiene Care
Patient with Intermaxillary Fixation
Fractured Jaw
Mandibular Fractures
Midfacial Fractures
Alveolar Process Fracture
Dental Hygiene Care
Dental Hygiene Care Before General Surgery
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 57
The Patient with a Seizure Disorder
Introduction
Seizures
Clinical Manifestations
Treatment
Oral Findings
Dental Hygiene Care Plan
Emergency Care
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 58
The Patient with a Mental Health Disorder
Overview of Mental Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Bipolar Disorder
Feeding and Eating Disorders
Schizophrenia
Mental Health Emergency
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 59
The Patient with a Substance-Related Disorder
Introduction
Alcohol Consumption
Metabolism of Alcohol
Health Hazards of Alcohol
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Treatment for AUD
Abuse of Prescription and Street Drugs
Risk Management for Prescription Drugs of Abuse
Most Common Drugs of Abuse
Medical Effects of Drug Abuse
Treatment Methods
Dental Hygiene Process of Care
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 60
The Patient with a Respiratory Disease
The Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases
Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases
Acute Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 61
The Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
Introduction
Classification
Infective Endocarditis
Congenital Heart Diseases
Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Hypertension
Ischemic Heart Disease
Angina Pectoris
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Failure
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Lifestyle Management for the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
Surgical Treatment
Antithrombotic Therapy
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 62
The Patient with a Blood Disorder
Normal Blood
Plasma
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Sickle Cell Disease
Polycythemias
Disorders of White Blood Cells
Platelet Disorders
Bleeding or Coagulation Disorders
Dental Hygiene Care Plan
Documentation
References
CHAPTER 63
The Patient with an Autoimmune Disease
Overview of Autoimmune Diseases
Connective Tissue Autoimmune Diseases
Oral Lichen Planus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Scleroderma
Gastrointestinal Tract Autoimmune Diseases
Celiac Disease
Crohn’s Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
Neurologic System Autoimmune Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia Gravis
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Documentation
References
Glossary
Index

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