Phlebotomy Essentials Enhanced 7th Edition by Ruth E. McCall, ISBN-13: 978-1284209945

Phlebotomy Essentials Enhanced 7th Edition by Ruth E. McCall, ISBN-13: 978-1284209945

[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly

• Publisher: ‎ Jones & Bartlett Learning; 7th edition (July 7, 2020)
• Language: ‎ English
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1284209946
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1284209945

Phlebotomy Essentials, Enhanced Seventh Edition provides accurate, up-to-date, and practical information and instruction in phlebotomy procedures and techniques, along with a comprehensive background in phlebotomy theory and principles. It is appropriate for use as an instructional text or as a reference for those who wish to update skills or study for national certification. Enhanced with new images, a more efficient design, and new contributions from leading subject matter experts, this updated edition details how today’s phlebotomists work in an approach optimized for how today’s students learn. Combined with an optional Workbook, Exam Review book, and updated digital courseware, the latest edition of Phlebotomy Essentials represents a cornerstone of preparation for a successful career in phlebotomy.

The content in this new edition of Phlebotomy Essentials was designed in accordance with applicable National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS) competencies. Procedures have been written to conform to the latest OSHA safety regulations and, wherever applicable, standards developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

Features:

Table of Contents:

Cover
Halftitle Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Reviewers
About the Author
Preface
Brief Contents
Detailed Contents
List of Procedures
User’s Guide
1 Phlebotomy: Past and Present and the Healthcare Setting
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Phlebotomy: The Past
Phlebotomy: The Present
The Changing Role of the Phlebotomist
Education Standards
Official Recognition
Certification
Licensure
Continuing Education
Patient Interaction
Recognizing Diversity
Professionalism
Patients’ Rights
Confidentiality
HIPAA
Communication
Interpersonal Communication Components
Effective Communication in Healthcare
The Healthcare Setting
Healthcare Delivery
Nonambulatory Care and Inpatient Services
Ambulatory Care and Outpatient Services
Public Health Service
Healthcare Financing
Third-Party Payers
Diagnosis and Billing Codes
Reimbursement
Accountable Care Organizations
Managed Care
Clinical Laboratory Services
Traditional Laboratories
Satellite Laboratories
Reference Laboratories
Clinical Laboratory Personnel
Laboratory Director/Pathologist
Laboratory Administrator/Laboratory Manager
Technical Supervisor
Medical Technologist/Medical Laboratory Scientist
Medical Laboratory Technician
Clinical Laboratory Assistant
Phlebotomist
Other Laboratory Personnel
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
2 Quality Assurance and Legal Issues in Healthcare
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Quality Assurance in Healthcare
National Standard Organizations and Regulatory Agencies
The Joint Commission
The Institute for Healthcare Improvement
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988
College of American Pathologists
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences
International Organization for Standardization
Quality Assurance in Phlebotomy
QA Processes
Quality Indicators
Thresholds and Data
Process and Outcomes
Quality Control (QC)
Areas of Phlebotomy Subject to QA
Patient Preparation Procedures
Specimen Collection Procedures
Delta Checks
Documentation
The Patient’s Record
Test Catalogs and Reference Manuals
The Procedure Manual
The Safety Manual
The Infection Prevention and Control Manual
QA Forms
Risk Management
Sexual Harassment
Legal Issues in Healthcare
Tort
Malpractice Insurance
Avoiding Lawsuits
Patient Consent
Informed Consent
Expressed/Express
Implied Consent
HIV Consent
Consent for Minors
Refusal of Consent
The Litigation Process
Legal Cases Involving Phlebotomy Procedures
Case 1: A Negligence Case Settled through Binding Arbitration
Case 2: A Negligence Case Settled through Binding Arbitration
Case 3: A Negligence Case Settled through Binding Arbitration
Case 4: Congleton Versus Baton Rouge General Hospital
Case 5: Jury Verdict Affirmed on Appeal by Kentucky Supreme Court
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
3 Infection Control, Safety, First Aid, and Personal Wellness
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Infection Control
Infection
Communicable Infections
Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections
Antibiotic-Resistant Infections
The Chain of Infection
Chain-of-Infection Components
Breaking the Chain of Infection
Infection Control Programs
Employee Screening
Employee Immunization
Evaluation and Treatment
Surveillance
Infection Control Practices
Hand Hygiene
Personal Protective Equipment
Sequence for Donning and Removing PPE
Asepsis and Aseptic Technique
Nursery and Neonatal ICU Infection Control Technique
Isolation Procedures
Protective/Reverse Isolation
Universal Precautions
Body Substance Isolation
Guideline for Isolation Precautions
Safety
Biosafety
Biohazard
Bloodborne Pathogens
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act
Exposure Control Plan
BBP Exposure Routes
Exposure Incident Procedure
Surface Decontamination
Cleanup of Body Fluid Spills
Biohazard Waste Disposal
Chemical Safety
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
Department of Transportation Labeling System
National Fire Protection Association Labeling System
Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations
Chemical Spill Procedures
Electrical Safety
Fire Safety
Fire Components
Classes of Fire
Fire Extinguishers
Radiation Safety
First Aid
External Hemorrhage
Shock
Common Symptoms of Shock
First Aid for Shock
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
American Heart Association CPR and ECC Guidelines
AHA ECC Adult Chains of Survival
Personal Wellness
Proper Nutrition
Rest and Exercise
Personal Hygiene
Back Protection
Stress Management
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
4 Medical Terminology
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Word Roots
Prefixes
Suffixes
Combining Vowels/Forms
Discrepancies in the Classification of Word Elements
Unique Plural Endings
Pronunciation
Abbreviations and Symbols
The Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” List
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
5 Human Anatomy and Physiology Review
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Body Positions
Anatomic Position
Other Positions
Body Planes
Body Directional Terms
Body Cavities
Body Functions
Homeostasis
Metabolism
Body Organization
Chemicals
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Body Systems
Integumentary System
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Reproductive System
Urinary System
Respiratory System
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
6 The Circulatory System
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
The Heart
Heart Structure
Heart Function
Heart Disorders and Diagnostic Tests
The Vascular System
Functions
Structures
Blood Vessel Structure
The Flow of Blood
Phlebotomy-Related Vascular Anatomy
Vascular System Disorders and Diagnostic Tests
The Blood
Blood Composition
Blood Type
Blood Specimens
Blood Disorders and Diagnostic Tests
Hemostasis and Coagulation
Hemostasis
Coagulation
The Hemostatic Process In Vivo
The Role of the Liver in Hemostasis
Hemostatic Disorders and Diagnostic Tests
The Lymphatic System
Functions
Structures
Lymph Flow
Lymphatic System Disorders and Diagnostic Tests
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
7 Blood Collection Equipment, Additives, and Order of Draw
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Blood Collection Equipment
General Blood Collection Equipment and Supplies
Blood-Drawing Station
Phlebotomy Chairs
Equipment Carriers
Gloves and Glove Liners
Antiseptics
Disinfectants
Hand Sanitizers
Gauze Pads
Bandages
Needle and Sharps Disposal Containers
Biohazard Bags
Slides
Pen
Watch
Patient Identification Equipment
Venipuncture Equipment
Vein-Locating Devices
Tourniquet
Needles
Evacuated Tube System
Syringe System
Blood Collection Sets
Combination Systems
Blood Collection Additives
Anticoagulants
EDTA
Citrates
Heparin
Oxalates
Special-Use Anticoagulants
Acid Citrate Dextrose
Citrate Phosphate Dextrose
Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate
Antiglycolytic Agents
Clot Activators
Serum or Plasma Separator Tubes
Thixotropic Gel Separator
Nongel Separator
Trace Element-Free Tubes
Order of Draw
CLSI Order of Draw
Carryover/Cross-Contamination
Tissue Thromboplastin Contamination
Microbial Contamination
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
8 Venipuncture Procedures
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Patient Registration
Requests for Testing
The Test Requisition
Manual Requisitions
Computer-Generated Requisitions
Barcode Requisitions
Venipuncture Steps
Step 1: Receive, Review, and Accession Test Request
Step 2: Approach, Greet, and Identify the Patient
Step 3: Explain the Procedure and Obtain Consent
Step 4: Verify Collection Requirements, and Identify Sensitivities and Potential Problems
Step 5: Sanitize Hands and Put on Gloves
Step 6: Position Patient, Apply Tourniquet, and Ask the Patient to Make a Fist
Step 7: Select a Vein, Release the Tourniquet, and Ask the Patient to Open the Fist
Step 8: Clean and Air-Dry the Site
Step 9: Prepare Collection Equipment
Step 10: Reapply the Tourniquet, and Uncap and Inspect the Needle
Step 11: Ask the Patient to Remake a Fist, Anchor the Vein, and Insert the Needle
Step 12: Establish Blood Flow, Release the Tourniquet, and Ask the Patient to Open the Fist
Step 13: Fill, Remove, and Mix Tubes in Order of Draw, or Fill Syringe
Step 14: Withdraw the Needle, Place Gauze, Activate the Needle Safety Feature, and Apply Pressure
Step 15 (ETS): Discard Blood Collection Unit
Step 15 (Syringe System): Discard Needle, Attach Transfer Device, Transfer Blood, and Discard Syringe and Transfer Device Unit
Step 16: Label and Prepare Tubes for Handling and Transport
Step 17: Check the Patient’s Arm, and Apply a Bandage
Step 18: Dispose of Used Materials, and Reposition Moved Items
Step 19: Thank the Patient, Remove Gloves, and Sanitize Hands
Step 20: Transport Specimen to the Lab Promptly
Routine ETS Venipuncture Procedure
Blood Collection Set Procedure
Syringe Venipuncture Procedure
Procedure for Inability to Collect Specimen
Pediatric Venipuncture
Challenges
Iatrogenic Anemias in Infants and Children
Dealing With Parents or Guardians
Dealing With the Child
Involvement of the Child Life Specialist
Pain Interventions
Selecting a Method of Restraint
Equipment Selection
Procedures
Geriatric Venipuncture
Challenges
Safety Issues
Patients in Wheelchairs
Blood Collection Procedures
Dialysis Patients
Long-Term Care Patients
Home Care Patients
Hospice Patients
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
9 Preexamination/Preanalytical Considerations
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Reference Ranges/Intervals
Basal State
Physiologic Variables
Age
Altitude
Dehydration
Diet
Diurnal/Circadian Variations
Drug Therapy
Exercise
Fever
Sex
Intramuscular Injection
Jaundice
Position
Pregnancy
Smoking
Stress
Environmental Factors
Problem Sites
Burns, Scars, and Tattoos
Damaged Veins
Edema
Hematoma
Mastectomy
Obesity
Paralysis
Vascular Access Devices and Sites
Intravenous Line
IV Catheter Lock
Previously Active IV Sites
Arterial Line
Arteriovenous Shunt, Fistula, or Graft
Blood Sampling Device
Central Vascular Access Devices
Patient Complications and Conditions
Allergies to Equipment and Supplies
Excessive Bleeding
Fainting
Nausea and Vomiting
Pain
Petechiae
Seizures/Convulsions
Procedural Error Risks
Hematoma Formation and Bruising
Iatrogenic Anemia
Inadvertent Arterial Puncture
Infection
Nerve Injury
Reflux of Additive
Vein Damage
Procedural Error and Specimen Quality Concerns
Hemoconcentration
Hemolysis
Partially Filled Tubes
Specimen Contamination
Wrong or Expired Collection Tube
Troubleshooting Failed Venipuncture
Tube Position
Needle Position
Collapsed Vein
Tube Vacuum
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
10 Capillary Puncture Equipment, Principles and Procedures
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Capillary Puncture Equipment
Lancets/Incision Devices
Microcollection Containers/Microtubes
Microhematocrit Tubes and Sealants
Capillary Blood Gas Equipment
Microscope Slides
Warming Devices
Capillary Puncture Principles
Composition of Capillary Specimens
Reference Values
Indications for Capillary Puncture
Tests That Cannot Be Collected by Capillary Puncture
Order of Draw
General Capillary Puncture Steps
Step 6: Position the Patient
Step 7: Select the Puncture Site
Step 8: Warm the Site if Applicable
Step 9: Clean and Air-Dry the Site
Step 10: Prepare Equipment
Step 11: Grasp the Finger or Heel Firmly
Step 12: Position the Lancet, Puncture the Site, and Discard the Lancet
Step 13: Lower the Finger or Heel, and Apply Gentle Pressure Until a Blood Drop Forms
Step 14: Wipe Away the First Blood Drop
Step 15: Fill and Mix the Tubes/Containers in Order of Draw
Step 16: Place Gauze, Apply Pressure, and Elevate the Site
Step 17: Label and Prepare Specimens for Handling and Transport
Step 18: Check the Site, and Apply a Bandage
Step 19: Discard Used Materials, Thank the Patient, Remove Gloves, and Sanitize the Hands
Step 20: Transport the Specimen to the Lab Promptly
Capillary Puncture Procedures
Capillary Blood Gases
Neonatal Bilirubin Collection
Newborn/Neonatal Screening
Routine Blood Film/Smear Preparation
Thick Blood Smear Preparation
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
11 Special Collections and Point-of-Care Testing
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Special Collections
Blood Bank Specimens
Identification and Labeling Requirements
Special Identification Systems
Specimen Requirements
Type, Screen, and Cross-Match
Blood Donor Collection
Donor Eligibility
Lookback Program
Autologous Donation
Cell Salvaging
Blood Cultures
Sepsis
Indications of Septicemia
Specimen Requirements
Timing Considerations
Recommended Volume
Specimen Collection
Initial Specimen Diversion
Media Inoculation Methods
Blood Culture Collection Procedure
Antimicrobial Neutralization Products
Pediatric Blood Culture Considerations
Catheter Considerations
Coagulation Specimens
Two-Hour Postprandial Glucose
Glucose Tolerance Test
GTT Preparation and Procedure
Oral Glucose Challenge Test
Lactose Tolerance Test
Molecular Genetic Testing
Parental/Paternity Testing
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Therapeutic Phlebotomy
Polycythemia
Hemochromatosis
Toxicology Specimens
Forensic Specimens
Blood Alcohol (Ethanol) Specimens
Drug Screening
Trace Elements
Tuberculosis Blood Tests
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays
Point-of-Care Testing
POCT Quality Control
POCT Infection Control Issues
POC Coagulation Monitoring
Activated Clotting Time
Prothrombin/International Normalized Ratio
Platelet Function
Arterial Blood Gases and Electrolytes
Arterial Blood Gases
Electrolytes
Multiple-Test-Panel Monitoring by POCT
Other POC Tests
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide
Bilirubin Testing
Cardiac Troponin T and I
Complete Blood Count
C-Reactive Protein
Glucose
Glycohemoglobin/Hemoglobin A1c
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Lactate
Lipid/Cholesterol Testing
Rapid Syphilis Test
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
12 Computers and Specimen Handling and Processing
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Computers
Computerization in Healthcare
Computer Literacy
Computer Components
Computer System Elements
Computer Networks
Computer Security
Laboratory Informatics
Laboratory Information System
General Laboratory Computer Skills
Computerized Analyzers
Interfacing and Integrating
Connectivity Industry Consortium
Computerization and Connectivity
Specimen Handling and Processing
Specimen Handling
Transporting Specimens
Special Handling
Specimen Processing
OSHA-Required Protective Equipment
Specimen Suitability
Specimens Not Requiring Further Processing
Specimens That Require Centrifugation
Precentrifugation
Centrifugation
Postcentrifugation
Secondary Tube or Aliquot Preparation
Platelet-Poor Plasma
Specimen Storage
Reporting Results
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
13 Urine and Other Nonblood Specimens and Tests
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Nonblood Specimen Types
Nonblood Specimen Labeling
Nonblood Specimen Handling
Nonblood POCT Quality Control
Urine
Types of Urine Specimens
Common Urine Tests
Other Nonblood Body Fluids
Amniotic Fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Gastric Fluid/Gastric Analysis
Nasopharyngeal Secretions
Saliva
Semen
Serous Fluid
Sputum
Sweat
Synovial Fluid
Other Nonblood Specimens
Bone Marrow
Breath Samples
Buccal/Oral Specimens
Cervical Smear/Pap Test
Feces (Stool)
Hair
Nail Clippings
Skin Tests
Throat Swabs
Tissue Specimens
Study and Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Media Menu
14 Arterial Puncture Procedures
NAACLS Entry Level Competencies
Key Terms
Objectives
Personnel Who Perform Arterial Puncture
Site-Selection Criteria
Arterial Puncture Sites
The Radial Artery
The Brachial Artery
The Femoral Artery
Other Sites
Arterial Blood Gases
ABG Specimen Collection
Test Requisition
Equipment and Supplies
Patient Preparation
Radial ABG Procedure
ABG Collection From Other Sites
Hazards and Complications of Arterial Puncture
Arteriospasm
Artery Damage
Discomfort
Infection
Hematoma
Numbness
Thrombus Formation
Vasovagal Response
Sampling Errors
Air Bubbles
Delay in Analysis
Improper Mixing
Improper Syringe
Obtaining Venous Blood by Mistake
Use of Improper Anticoagulant
Use of Too Much or Too Little Heparin
Criteria for ABG Specimen Rejection
Study and Review Questions
Case Study
References
Media Menu
Appendix A Laboratory Tests
Appendix B Laboratory Mathematics
Appendix C Conversational Phrases in English and Spanish
Appendix D Work Restrictions for Healthcare Employees
Appendix E Answers to Study and Review Questions and Case Studies
Appendix F Tube Guides
Glossary
Index

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