Phlebotomy Essentials Enhanced 7th Edition by Ruth E. McCall, ISBN-13: 978-1284209945

Description

Phlebotomy Essentials Enhanced 7th Edition by Ruth E. McCall, ISBN-13: 978-1284209945

[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly

• Publisher: ‎ Jones & Bartlett Learning; 7th edition (July 7, 2020)
• Language: ‎ English
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1284209946
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1284209945

Phlebotomy Essentials, Enhanced Seventh Edition provides accurate, up-to-date, and practical information and instruction in phlebotomy procedures and techniques, along with a comprehensive background in phlebotomy theory and principles. It is appropriate for use as an instructional text or as a reference for those who wish to update skills or study for national certification. Enhanced with new images, a more efficient design, and new contributions from leading subject matter experts, this updated edition details how today’s phlebotomists work in an approach optimized for how today’s students learn. Combined with an optional Workbook, Exam Review book, and updated digital courseware, the latest edition of Phlebotomy Essentials represents a cornerstone of preparation for a successful career in phlebotomy.

The content in this new edition of Phlebotomy Essentials was designed in accordance with applicable National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS) competencies. Procedures have been written to conform to the latest OSHA safety regulations and, wherever applicable, standards developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

Features:

Table of Contents:

Cover

Halftitle Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Reviewers

About the Author

Preface

Brief Contents

Detailed Contents

List of Procedures

User’s Guide

1 Phlebotomy: Past and Present and the Healthcare Setting

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Phlebotomy: The Past

Phlebotomy: The Present

The Changing Role of the Phlebotomist

Education Standards

Official Recognition

Certification

Licensure

Continuing Education

Patient Interaction

Recognizing Diversity

Professionalism

Patients’ Rights

Confidentiality

HIPAA

Communication

Interpersonal Communication Components

Effective Communication in Healthcare

The Healthcare Setting

Healthcare Delivery

Nonambulatory Care and Inpatient Services

Ambulatory Care and Outpatient Services

Public Health Service

Healthcare Financing

Third-Party Payers

Diagnosis and Billing Codes

Reimbursement

Accountable Care Organizations

Managed Care

Clinical Laboratory Services

Traditional Laboratories

Satellite Laboratories

Reference Laboratories

Clinical Laboratory Personnel

Laboratory Director/Pathologist

Laboratory Administrator/Laboratory Manager

Technical Supervisor

Medical Technologist/Medical Laboratory Scientist

Medical Laboratory Technician

Clinical Laboratory Assistant

Phlebotomist

Other Laboratory Personnel

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

2 Quality Assurance and Legal Issues in Healthcare

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Quality Assurance in Healthcare

National Standard Organizations and Regulatory Agencies

The Joint Commission

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988

College of American Pathologists

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences

International Organization for Standardization

Quality Assurance in Phlebotomy

QA Processes

Quality Indicators

Thresholds and Data

Process and Outcomes

Quality Control (QC)

Areas of Phlebotomy Subject to QA

Patient Preparation Procedures

Specimen Collection Procedures

Delta Checks

Documentation

The Patient’s Record

Test Catalogs and Reference Manuals

The Procedure Manual

The Safety Manual

The Infection Prevention and Control Manual

QA Forms

Risk Management

Sexual Harassment

Legal Issues in Healthcare

Tort

Malpractice Insurance

Avoiding Lawsuits

Patient Consent

Informed Consent

Expressed/Express

Implied Consent

HIV Consent

Consent for Minors

Refusal of Consent

The Litigation Process

Legal Cases Involving Phlebotomy Procedures

Case 1: A Negligence Case Settled through Binding Arbitration

Case 2: A Negligence Case Settled through Binding Arbitration

Case 3: A Negligence Case Settled through Binding Arbitration

Case 4: Congleton Versus Baton Rouge General Hospital

Case 5: Jury Verdict Affirmed on Appeal by Kentucky Supreme Court

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

3 Infection Control, Safety, First Aid, and Personal Wellness

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Infection Control

Infection

Communicable Infections

Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections

Antibiotic-Resistant Infections

The Chain of Infection

Chain-of-Infection Components

Breaking the Chain of Infection

Infection Control Programs

Employee Screening

Employee Immunization

Evaluation and Treatment

Surveillance

Infection Control Practices

Hand Hygiene

Personal Protective Equipment

Sequence for Donning and Removing PPE

Asepsis and Aseptic Technique

Nursery and Neonatal ICU Infection Control Technique

Isolation Procedures

Protective/Reverse Isolation

Universal Precautions

Body Substance Isolation

Guideline for Isolation Precautions

Safety

Biosafety

Biohazard

Bloodborne Pathogens

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act

Exposure Control Plan

BBP Exposure Routes

Exposure Incident Procedure

Surface Decontamination

Cleanup of Body Fluid Spills

Biohazard Waste Disposal

Chemical Safety

OSHA Hazard Communication Standard

Department of Transportation Labeling System

National Fire Protection Association Labeling System

Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations

Chemical Spill Procedures

Electrical Safety

Fire Safety

Fire Components

Classes of Fire

Fire Extinguishers

Radiation Safety

First Aid

External Hemorrhage

Shock

Common Symptoms of Shock

First Aid for Shock

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care

American Heart Association CPR and ECC Guidelines

AHA ECC Adult Chains of Survival

Personal Wellness

Proper Nutrition

Rest and Exercise

Personal Hygiene

Back Protection

Stress Management

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

4 Medical Terminology

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Word Roots

Prefixes

Suffixes

Combining Vowels/Forms

Discrepancies in the Classification of Word Elements

Unique Plural Endings

Pronunciation

Abbreviations and Symbols

The Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” List

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

5 Human Anatomy and Physiology Review

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Body Positions

Anatomic Position

Other Positions

Body Planes

Body Directional Terms

Body Cavities

Body Functions

Homeostasis

Metabolism

Body Organization

Chemicals

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Body Systems

Integumentary System

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Nervous System

Endocrine System

Digestive System

Reproductive System

Urinary System

Respiratory System

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

6 The Circulatory System

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

The Heart

Heart Structure

Heart Function

Heart Disorders and Diagnostic Tests

The Vascular System

Functions

Structures

Blood Vessel Structure

The Flow of Blood

Phlebotomy-Related Vascular Anatomy

Vascular System Disorders and Diagnostic Tests

The Blood

Blood Composition

Blood Type

Blood Specimens

Blood Disorders and Diagnostic Tests

Hemostasis and Coagulation

Hemostasis

Coagulation

The Hemostatic Process In Vivo

The Role of the Liver in Hemostasis

Hemostatic Disorders and Diagnostic Tests

The Lymphatic System

Functions

Structures

Lymph Flow

Lymphatic System Disorders and Diagnostic Tests

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

7 Blood Collection Equipment, Additives, and Order of Draw

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Blood Collection Equipment

General Blood Collection Equipment and Supplies

Blood-Drawing Station

Phlebotomy Chairs

Equipment Carriers

Gloves and Glove Liners

Antiseptics

Disinfectants

Hand Sanitizers

Gauze Pads

Bandages

Needle and Sharps Disposal Containers

Biohazard Bags

Slides

Pen

Watch

Patient Identification Equipment

Venipuncture Equipment

Vein-Locating Devices

Tourniquet

Needles

Evacuated Tube System

Syringe System

Blood Collection Sets

Combination Systems

Blood Collection Additives

Anticoagulants

EDTA

Citrates

Heparin

Oxalates

Special-Use Anticoagulants

Acid Citrate Dextrose

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate

Antiglycolytic Agents

Clot Activators

Serum or Plasma Separator Tubes

Thixotropic Gel Separator

Nongel Separator

Trace Element-Free Tubes

Order of Draw

CLSI Order of Draw

Carryover/Cross-Contamination

Tissue Thromboplastin Contamination

Microbial Contamination

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

8 Venipuncture Procedures

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Patient Registration

Requests for Testing

The Test Requisition

Manual Requisitions

Computer-Generated Requisitions

Barcode Requisitions

Venipuncture Steps

Step 1: Receive, Review, and Accession Test Request

Step 2: Approach, Greet, and Identify the Patient

Step 3: Explain the Procedure and Obtain Consent

Step 4: Verify Collection Requirements, and Identify Sensitivities and Potential Problems

Step 5: Sanitize Hands and Put on Gloves

Step 6: Position Patient, Apply Tourniquet, and Ask the Patient to Make a Fist

Step 7: Select a Vein, Release the Tourniquet, and Ask the Patient to Open the Fist

Step 8: Clean and Air-Dry the Site

Step 9: Prepare Collection Equipment

Step 10: Reapply the Tourniquet, and Uncap and Inspect the Needle

Step 11: Ask the Patient to Remake a Fist, Anchor the Vein, and Insert the Needle

Step 12: Establish Blood Flow, Release the Tourniquet, and Ask the Patient to Open the Fist

Step 13: Fill, Remove, and Mix Tubes in Order of Draw, or Fill Syringe

Step 14: Withdraw the Needle, Place Gauze, Activate the Needle Safety Feature, and Apply Pressure

Step 15 (ETS): Discard Blood Collection Unit

Step 15 (Syringe System): Discard Needle, Attach Transfer Device, Transfer Blood, and Discard Syringe and Transfer Device Unit

Step 16: Label and Prepare Tubes for Handling and Transport

Step 17: Check the Patient’s Arm, and Apply a Bandage

Step 18: Dispose of Used Materials, and Reposition Moved Items

Step 19: Thank the Patient, Remove Gloves, and Sanitize Hands

Step 20: Transport Specimen to the Lab Promptly

Routine ETS Venipuncture Procedure

Blood Collection Set Procedure

Syringe Venipuncture Procedure

Procedure for Inability to Collect Specimen

Pediatric Venipuncture

Challenges

Iatrogenic Anemias in Infants and Children

Dealing With Parents or Guardians

Dealing With the Child

Involvement of the Child Life Specialist

Pain Interventions

Selecting a Method of Restraint

Equipment Selection

Procedures

Geriatric Venipuncture

Challenges

Safety Issues

Patients in Wheelchairs

Blood Collection Procedures

Dialysis Patients

Long-Term Care Patients

Home Care Patients

Hospice Patients

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

9 Preexamination/Preanalytical Considerations

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Reference Ranges/Intervals

Basal State

Physiologic Variables

Age

Altitude

Dehydration

Diet

Diurnal/Circadian Variations

Drug Therapy

Exercise

Fever

Sex

Intramuscular Injection

Jaundice

Position

Pregnancy

Smoking

Stress

Environmental Factors

Problem Sites

Burns, Scars, and Tattoos

Damaged Veins

Edema

Hematoma

Mastectomy

Obesity

Paralysis

Vascular Access Devices and Sites

Intravenous Line

IV Catheter Lock

Previously Active IV Sites

Arterial Line

Arteriovenous Shunt, Fistula, or Graft

Blood Sampling Device

Central Vascular Access Devices

Patient Complications and Conditions

Allergies to Equipment and Supplies

Excessive Bleeding

Fainting

Nausea and Vomiting

Pain

Petechiae

Seizures/Convulsions

Procedural Error Risks

Hematoma Formation and Bruising

Iatrogenic Anemia

Inadvertent Arterial Puncture

Infection

Nerve Injury

Reflux of Additive

Vein Damage

Procedural Error and Specimen Quality Concerns

Hemoconcentration

Hemolysis

Partially Filled Tubes

Specimen Contamination

Wrong or Expired Collection Tube

Troubleshooting Failed Venipuncture

Tube Position

Needle Position

Collapsed Vein

Tube Vacuum

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

10 Capillary Puncture Equipment, Principles and Procedures

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Capillary Puncture Equipment

Lancets/Incision Devices

Microcollection Containers/Microtubes

Microhematocrit Tubes and Sealants

Capillary Blood Gas Equipment

Microscope Slides

Warming Devices

Capillary Puncture Principles

Composition of Capillary Specimens

Reference Values

Indications for Capillary Puncture

Tests That Cannot Be Collected by Capillary Puncture

Order of Draw

General Capillary Puncture Steps

Step 6: Position the Patient

Step 7: Select the Puncture Site

Step 8: Warm the Site if Applicable

Step 9: Clean and Air-Dry the Site

Step 10: Prepare Equipment

Step 11: Grasp the Finger or Heel Firmly

Step 12: Position the Lancet, Puncture the Site, and Discard the Lancet

Step 13: Lower the Finger or Heel, and Apply Gentle Pressure Until a Blood Drop Forms

Step 14: Wipe Away the First Blood Drop

Step 15: Fill and Mix the Tubes/Containers in Order of Draw

Step 16: Place Gauze, Apply Pressure, and Elevate the Site

Step 17: Label and Prepare Specimens for Handling and Transport

Step 18: Check the Site, and Apply a Bandage

Step 19: Discard Used Materials, Thank the Patient, Remove Gloves, and Sanitize the Hands

Step 20: Transport the Specimen to the Lab Promptly

Capillary Puncture Procedures

Capillary Blood Gases

Neonatal Bilirubin Collection

Newborn/Neonatal Screening

Routine Blood Film/Smear Preparation

Thick Blood Smear Preparation

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

11 Special Collections and Point-of-Care Testing

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Special Collections

Blood Bank Specimens

Identification and Labeling Requirements

Special Identification Systems

Specimen Requirements

Type, Screen, and Cross-Match

Blood Donor Collection

Donor Eligibility

Lookback Program

Autologous Donation

Cell Salvaging

Blood Cultures

Sepsis

Indications of Septicemia

Specimen Requirements

Timing Considerations

Recommended Volume

Specimen Collection

Initial Specimen Diversion

Media Inoculation Methods

Blood Culture Collection Procedure

Antimicrobial Neutralization Products

Pediatric Blood Culture Considerations

Catheter Considerations

Coagulation Specimens

Two-Hour Postprandial Glucose

Glucose Tolerance Test

GTT Preparation and Procedure

Oral Glucose Challenge Test

Lactose Tolerance Test

Molecular Genetic Testing

Parental/Paternity Testing

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Therapeutic Phlebotomy

Polycythemia

Hemochromatosis

Toxicology Specimens

Forensic Specimens

Blood Alcohol (Ethanol) Specimens

Drug Screening

Trace Elements

Tuberculosis Blood Tests

Interferon-Gamma Release Assays

Point-of-Care Testing

POCT Quality Control

POCT Infection Control Issues

POC Coagulation Monitoring

Activated Clotting Time

Prothrombin/International Normalized Ratio

Platelet Function

Arterial Blood Gases and Electrolytes

Arterial Blood Gases

Electrolytes

Multiple-Test-Panel Monitoring by POCT

Other POC Tests

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide

Bilirubin Testing

Cardiac Troponin T and I

Complete Blood Count

C-Reactive Protein

Glucose

Glycohemoglobin/Hemoglobin A1c

Hematocrit

Hemoglobin

Lactate

Lipid/Cholesterol Testing

Rapid Syphilis Test

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

12 Computers and Specimen Handling and Processing

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Computers

Computerization in Healthcare

Computer Literacy

Computer Components

Computer System Elements

Computer Networks

Computer Security

Laboratory Informatics

Laboratory Information System

General Laboratory Computer Skills

Computerized Analyzers

Interfacing and Integrating

Connectivity Industry Consortium

Computerization and Connectivity

Specimen Handling and Processing

Specimen Handling

Transporting Specimens

Special Handling

Specimen Processing

OSHA-Required Protective Equipment

Specimen Suitability

Specimens Not Requiring Further Processing

Specimens That Require Centrifugation

Precentrifugation

Centrifugation

Postcentrifugation

Secondary Tube or Aliquot Preparation

Platelet-Poor Plasma

Specimen Storage

Reporting Results

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

13 Urine and Other Nonblood Specimens and Tests

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Nonblood Specimen Types

Nonblood Specimen Labeling

Nonblood Specimen Handling

Nonblood POCT Quality Control

Urine

Types of Urine Specimens

Common Urine Tests

Other Nonblood Body Fluids

Amniotic Fluid

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Gastric Fluid/Gastric Analysis

Nasopharyngeal Secretions

Saliva

Semen

Serous Fluid

Sputum

Sweat

Synovial Fluid

Other Nonblood Specimens

Bone Marrow

Breath Samples

Buccal/Oral Specimens

Cervical Smear/Pap Test

Feces (Stool)

Hair

Nail Clippings

Skin Tests

Throat Swabs

Tissue Specimens

Study and Review Questions

Case Studies

References

Media Menu

14 Arterial Puncture Procedures

NAACLS Entry Level Competencies

Key Terms

Objectives

Personnel Who Perform Arterial Puncture

Site-Selection Criteria

Arterial Puncture Sites

The Radial Artery

The Brachial Artery

The Femoral Artery

Other Sites

Arterial Blood Gases

ABG Specimen Collection

Test Requisition

Equipment and Supplies

Patient Preparation

Radial ABG Procedure

ABG Collection From Other Sites

Hazards and Complications of Arterial Puncture

Arteriospasm

Artery Damage

Discomfort

Infection

Hematoma

Numbness

Thrombus Formation

Vasovagal Response

Sampling Errors

Air Bubbles

Delay in Analysis

Improper Mixing

Improper Syringe

Obtaining Venous Blood by Mistake

Use of Improper Anticoagulant

Use of Too Much or Too Little Heparin

Criteria for ABG Specimen Rejection

Study and Review Questions

Case Study

References

Media Menu

Appendix A Laboratory Tests

Appendix B Laboratory Mathematics

Appendix C Conversational Phrases in English and Spanish

Appendix D Work Restrictions for Healthcare Employees

Appendix E Answers to Study and Review Questions and Case Studies

Appendix F Tube Guides

Glossary

Index

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