Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation 6th Edition by Laurie Lundy-Ekman, ISBN-13: 978-0323792677

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Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation 6th Edition by Laurie Lundy-Ekman, ISBN-13: 978-0323792677

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• Publisher: ‎ Saunders; 6th edition (June 15, 2022)
• Language: ‎ English
• 616 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0323792677
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0323792677

Use your knowledge of the nervous system to understand and treat neurologic disorders! Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation, 6th Edition provides an illustrated guide to neurology and how it affects the practice of physical and occupational therapy. Case studies and first-person stories from people with neurologic disorders make it easier to develop clinical reasoning skills and apply your knowledge to the clinical setting. This edition includes an enhanced eBook free with each purchase of a new print book. Written by noted PT educator Laurie Lundy-Ekman, Neuroscience uses evidence-based research to help you evaluate and treat clients who have physical limitations due to nervous system damage or disease.

• Logical, systems approach to neuroscience makes it easier to master complex information and provides a framework for conducting a neurologic examination and evaluation.
• Clinical perspective of neuroscience is provided through case studies, personal stories written by people with neurologic disorders, and summaries of key features of neurologic disorders and the body systems they affect.
• Six sections ― Overview of Neurology, Neuroscience at the Cellular Level, Development of the Nervous System, Vertical Systems, Regions, and Neurologic Tests ― first show how neural cells operate, and then allow you to apply your knowledge of neuroscience.
• Coverage of key physical rehabilitation topics includes abnormal muscle tone, chronic pain, control of movement, and differential diagnosis of dizziness.
• Hundreds of color-coded illustrations show body structures and functions across systems.
• Full-color atlas includes photographs of the human brain along with labeled line drawings.
• Clinical Notes case studies demonstrate how neuroscience concepts may be applied to clinical situations.
• Pathology boxes provide a quick summary of the features of neurologic disorders commonly encountered in rehabilitation practice.

• NEW! Quick Reference Lists on the inside book covers make it easy to find frequently consulted figures, reflexes, tables, and summaries within the text.
• NEW! Updated chapters include Pain as a Disease and as a Symptom, Motor System: Upper Motor Neurons, Motor and Psychologic Functions, Brainstem Region, and Neurologic Tests.
• NEW! 85 new or updated figures are added to this edition.
• NEW! Nearly 600 new references are added to this edition.

Table of Contents:

Cover Image
Title Page
Quick Reference Figures
Copyright
Contributors
Contributors to Previous Editions
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Neuroscience
Chapter Outline
ANALYSIS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
WHAT DO WE LEARN FROM THESE STUDIES?
ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK
DIAGNOSTIC CLINICAL REASONING
Reference
Part 1 Overview of Neurology
Chapter 2 Neuroanatomy
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION TO NEUROANATOMY
INTRODUCTION TO THE ATLAS
CELLULAR-LEVEL NEUROANATOMY
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SYSTEM: VENTRICLES AND MENINGES
BLOOD SUPPLY
SUMMARY
ATLAS
Chapter 3 Neurologic Disorders and the Neurologic Examination
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF LEARNING NEUROSCIENCE
NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS
NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION
DIAGNOSIS
References
Chapter 4 Neuroimaging and Neuroanatomy Atlas
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
NEUROANGIOGRAPHY
FUNCTIONAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSION
NEUROANATOMY IMAGING ATLAS
References
Part 2 Neuroscience at the Cellular Level
Chapter 5 Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the Nervous System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE OF NEURONS
PROPAGATION OF INFORMATION BY NEURONS
RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
CHANGES FROM RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
DIRECTION OF INFORMATION FLOW IN NEURONS
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NEURONS
GLIA: SIGNALING AND SUPPORTING CELLS
NEUROINFLAMMATION: BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL EFFECTS
MYELIN: CLINICAL APPLICATION
NEURAL STEM CELLS
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 6 Neural Communication: Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Transmission
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
STRUCTURE OF THE SYNAPSE
NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE
REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
FAST TRANSMISSION AND SLOW TRANSMISSION
RECEPTORS AND RELEASE MECHANISMS DICTATE SYNAPTIC RESPONSES
SPECIFIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS
NEUROTRANSMITTER AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS
DISORDERS OF SYNAPTIC FUNCTION
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 7 Neuroplasticity
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
HABITUATION
EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT PLASTICITY: LEARNING AND MEMORY
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF BRAIN INJURY
AXONAL INJURY
CELLULAR RECOVERY FROM INJURY
EFFECTS OF REHABILITATION ON PLASTICITY
SUMMARY
References
Part 3 Development of the Nervous System
Chapter 8 Development of the Nervous System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN UTERO
FORMATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
CELLULAR-LEVEL DEVELOPMENT
NERVOUS SYSTEM CHANGES DURING INFANCY
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: IN UTERO AND PERINATAL DAMAGE TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
SUMMARY
References
Part 4 Vertical Systems
Chapter 9 Autonomic Nervous System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
RECEPTORS
AFFERENT PATHWAYS
CENTRAL REGULATION OF VISCERAL FUNCTION
EFFERENT PATHWAYS
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
COMPARISON OF SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC FUNCTIONS
CLINICAL CORRELATIONS
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 10 Peripheral Somatosensory System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
SENSORY RECEPTORS
SOMATOSENSORY FIRST-ORDER NEURONS
CUTANEOUS INNERVATION
MUSCULOSKELETAL INNERVATION
CLINICAL APPLICATION
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 11 Central Somatosensory System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
FUNCTIONS OF SOMATOSENSATION
CONTRIBUTION OF SOMATOSENSORY INFORMATION TO MOVEMENT
SOMATOSENSORY INFORMATION PROTECTS AGAINST INJURY
PATHWAYS TO THE BRAIN
CONSCIOUS RELAY PATHWAYS TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
COMPARISON OF DORSAL COLUMN/MEDIAL LEMNISCUS AND SPINOTHALAMIC PATHWAYS
SLOW NOCICEPTION, THE MEDIAL NOCICEPTION SYSTEM: DIVERGENT PATHWAYS WITH PROJECTION NEURONS IN THE ANTEROLATERAL COLUMNS
SUMMARY OF THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM LESIONS
CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES ON PAIN
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 12 Pain as a Disease and as a Symptom
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
CHRONIC PAIN AS A DISEASE (PRIMARY PAIN) OR AS A SYMPTOM (SECONDARY PAIN)
CENTRAL SENSITIZATION
CHRONIC PRIMARY PAIN SYNDROMES
CHRONIC SECONDARY PAIN SYNDROMES
NEUROPATHIC PAIN
MEDICATIONS FOR CHRONIC PAIN
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF CHRONIC PAIN
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 13 Motor System: Lower Motor Neurons and Spinal Motor Function
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
MOTOR SYSTEM
SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
LOWER MOTOR NEURONS
SPINAL REGION MOTOR FUNCTION
CONTRACTURE: CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND NUMBER OF SARCOMERES ADAPT TO PROLONGED SHORTENED POSITION
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
SIGNS OF LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESIONS
ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
DISORDERS OF LOWER MOTOR NEURONS
SUMMARY
Chapter 14 Motor System: Upper Motor Neurons
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
CENTRAL MOTOR SYSTEM
UPPER MOTOR NEURONS TO THE SPINAL CORD
UPPER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROME
SIGNS OF UPPER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROME
LOSS OF FUNCTION SIGNS OF UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESIONS
GAIN OF FUNCTION SIGNS IN UPPER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROME
MECHANISM OF FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS DEPENDSON SITE OF LESION AND WHETHER LESION OCCURS PERINATALLY
PRIMARY MOTOR CONTROL PROBLEMS IN MOST UPPER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROMES: PARESIS/PARALYSIS AND IMPAIRED SELECTIVE MOTOR CONTROL
SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY DIFFERENTIATES SOME IMPAIRMENTS SECONDARY TO UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESIONS
UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESIONS: COMMON CHARACTERISTICS AND DIFFERENCES
INTERVENTIONS FOR IMPAIRMENTS SECONDARY TO UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESIONS
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
SUMMARY
Reference
Chapter 15 Motor, Cognitive, and Emotion Systems: The Cerebellum
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION TO THE CEREBELLUM
MOVEMENT REGIONS OF THE CEREBELLUM
CEREBROCEREBELLUM: COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONS
MOTOR SIGNS OF CEREBELLAR DYSFUNCTION
DISORDERS THAT AFFECT THE CEREBELLUM
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 16 Motor and Psychologic Functions: Basal Ganglia
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
ANATOMIC ORIENTATION TO THE BASAL GANGLIA
BASAL GANGLIA CIRCUITRY
BASAL GANGLIA MOTOR CONTROL
BASAL GANGLIA DISORDERS
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 17 Control of Movement
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
MOVEMENT STRATEGIES
SENSORY CONTRIBUTION TO MOVEMENT CONTROL
FEEDFORWARD AND FEEDBACK
THREE FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF MOVEMENT
SUMMARY OF NORMAL MOTOR CONTROL
EFFECT OF SENSORY LOSS ON MOTOR CONTROL
CONTROL OF POSTURE AND WALKING IN NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS
Reach and Grasp in Neurologic Conditions
SUMMARY OF NEURAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN MOTOR SYSTEM PATHOLOGY
References
Part 5 Regions
Chapter 18 Peripheral Region
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
PERIPHERAL NERVES
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
DYSFUNCTION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES
CLASSIFICATION OF NEUROPATHIES
DYSFUNCTIONS OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
MYOPATHY
ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
CLINICAL TESTING
INTERVENTIONS FOR PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
SUMMARY
Appendix 18.1 Distribution of Nerves in the Upper Limbs
Appendix 18.2 Distribution of Nerves in the Lower Limbs
References
Chapter 19 Spinal Region
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL REGION
MOVEMENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD AND ROOTS WITHIN THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD
SPINAL CORD MOTOR COORDINATION
SPINAL CONTROL OF PELVIC ORGAN FUNCTION
EFFECTS OF SEGMENTAL AND TRACT LESIONS IN THE SPINAL REGION
DIFFERENTIATING SPINAL REGION FROM PERIPHERAL REGION LESIONS
SPINAL REGION SYNDROMES
EFFECTS OF SPINAL REGION DYSFUNCTION ON PELVIC ORGAN FUNCTION
TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD INJURY
SPECIFIC DISORDERS AFFECTING SPINAL REGION FUNCTION
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 20 Cranial Nerves
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
CRANIAL NERVE 1: OLFACTORY
CRANIAL NERVES 2 THROUGH 4 AND 6: OPTIC, OCULOMOTOR, TROCHLEAR, AND ABDUCENS
CRANIAL NERVE 5: TRIGEMINAL
CRANIAL NERVE 7: FACIAL
CRANIAL NERVE 8: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
CRANIAL NERVE 9: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
CRANIAL NERVE 10: VAGUS
CRANIAL NERVE 11: ACCESSORY
CRANIAL NERVE 12: HYPOGLOSSAL
CRANIAL NERVES INVOLVED IN SWALLOWING AND SPEAKING
DESCENDING CONTROL OF MOTOR CRANIAL NERVES
DISORDERS AFFECTING CRANIAL NERVES 1, 5, AND 7-12
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 21 Brainstem Region
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
VERTICAL TRACTS IN THE BRAINSTEM
LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS OF THE BRAINSTEM
MIDBRAIN
PONS
MEDULLA
RETICULAR FORMATION
RETICULAR NUCLEI AND THEIR NEUROTRANSMITTERS
CEREBELLUM
ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO THE BRAINSTEM AND CEREBELLUM
NEUROLOGIC SIGNS IN BRAINSTEM LESIONS
BRAINSTEM RULE OF 4: METHOD FOR RECALLING BRAINSTEM ANATOMY AND UNDERSTANDING BRAINSTEM LESIONS
DISORDERS IN THE BRAINSTEM REGION
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 22 Visual System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
VISUAL SYSTEM
CRANIAL NERVE 3: OCULOMOTOR PARASYMPATHETIC EFFERENTS FOR THE PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX AND THE NEAR TRIAD
CRANIAL NERVES 3, 4, AND 6: OCULOMOTOR, TROCHLEAR, AND ABDUCENS: CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS
COORDINATION OF EYE MOVEMENTS: MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS
EYE MOVEMENT SYSTEM
DISORDERS OF VISION
LESIONS AFFECTING CRANIAL NERVES 3, 4, AND 6
MOTION SICKNESS
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 23 Vestibular System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
PERCEPTION: INHIBITORY VISUAL-VESTIBULAR INTERACTION IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
NORMAL CENTRAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
VESTIBULAR ROLE IN MOTOR CONTROL
CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
UNILATERAL VESTIBULAR LOSS
BILATERAL VESTIBULAR LOSS
EVALUATING THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
REHABILITATION IN VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 24 Dizziness and Unsteadiness
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION
TRADITIONAL VERSUS EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH TO DIZZINESS AND UNSTEADINESS
GENERAL APPROACH TO DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIZZINESS
FREQUENCY OF SPECIFIC CAUSES OF DIZZINESS/UNSTEADINESS
DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS: HOW TO USE THE APPENDICES
Appendix A How to Categorize Acute-Onset Dizziness
Appendix B How to Categorize Chronic-Duration Dizziness and Unsteadiness
References
Chapter 25 Cerebrospinal Fluid System
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SYSTEM
CLINICAL DISORDERS OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SYSTEM
CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 26 Blood Supply, Stroke, Fluid Dynamics, and Intracranial Pressure
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
DISORDERS OF VASCULAR SUPPLY
TYPES OF STROKE
STROKE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS BY ARTERIAL LOCATION
DISORDERS OF VASCULAR FORMATION
FLUID DYNAMICS
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
BRAIN HERNIATIONS
REVIEW OF EVALUATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW
VENOUS SYSTEM
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 27 Cerebrum
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION
DIENCEPHALON
SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES
CEREBRAL CORTEX
PRIMARY SENSORY AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
PERCEPTION
SECONDARY SENSORY AREAS
PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
CORTICAL MOTOR PLANNING AREAS
ASSOCIATION AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
DISORDERS AFFECTING THE CEREBRUM
DISEASES THAT AFFECT A VARIETY OF CEREBRAL STRUCTURES
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 28 Memory, Consciousness, and Intellect
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
MEMORY
CONSCIOUSNESS
INTELLECT
FAILURE OF DECLARATIVE MEMORY: AMNESIA
DISORDERS AFFECTING THE CONSCIOUSNESS SYSTEM
DISORDERS OF INTELLECT
DEMENTIA
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 29 Behavior, Emotions, Decision Making, Personality: Prefrontal Cortex and Temporal Poles
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION
ASSOCIATION AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
GOAL-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR AND DIVERGENT THINKING
EMOTIONS, MOTIVATION, AND SELF-AWARENESS
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
CORRELATION OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS WITH BRAIN REGIONS
PSYCHOLOGIC AND SOMATIC INTERACTIONS
PREFRONTAL CORTEX LESIONS
NEUROLOGIC/PSYCHIATRIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS ARE RARELY PSYCHOGENIC
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 30 Communication, Directing Attention, and Spatial Cognition: Temporoparietal Association Cortex and Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
INTRODUCTION
COMMUNICATION
DIRECTING ATTENTION
SPATIAL PERCEPTION
HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION
LANGUAGE DISORDERS
DISORDERS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
NEGLECT
SUMMARY
References
Part 6 Neurologic Tests
Chapter 31 Neurologic Tests
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Outline
PURPOSE OF NEUROLOGIC TESTS
NEUROLOGIC SCREENING EXAMINATION
COMPREHENSIVE NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION
SPECIAL TESTS
TESTS OF NEUROLOGIC FUNCTION
MENTAL STATUS TESTS
SPECIAL TESTS FOR MENTAL STATUS
CRANIAL NERVE OBSERVATION AND TESTING
Screening Tests for Cranial Nerves 2 and 3
SCREENING TESTS FOR CRANIAL NERVES 3, 4, AND 6
SCREENING TESTS FOR OCULOMOTOR CENTERS AND PATHWAYS THAT CONTROL EYE MOVEMENTS
COMPREHENSIVE TESTS FOR CRANIAL NERVES 2 AND 3
SPECIAL TESTS FOR CRANIAL NERVES 2–4 AND 6
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: CRANIAL NERVE 3, 4, OR 6 LESIONS VERSUS SUPRANUCLEAR OR MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS LESIONS
SPECIAL TESTS FOR OCULOMOTOR CENTERS AND PATHWAYS THAT CONTROL EYE MOVEMENTS
SCREENING TESTS FOR CRANIAL NERVE 5
COMPREHENSIVE TESTS FOR CRANIAL NERVE 5
SCREENING TEST FOR CRANIAL NERVE 7
TESTS FOR CRANIAL NERVE 8
SPECIAL TESTS TO DETERMINE CAUSES OF DIZZINESS
CRANIAL NERVE 9: GAG REFLEX
CRANIAL NERVE 10: SAY “AH”
CRANIAL NERVE 11: SHOULDER ELEVATION AND HEAD TURN
CRANIAL NERVE 12
AUTONOMIC TESTING
MOTOR TESTING
SOMATOSENSORY TESTING
SPECIAL TESTS FOR SOMATOSENSATION
COORDINATION TESTING
SPINAL REFLEX TESTING
SCREENING TESTS FOR POSTURAL CONTROL
SPECIAL TEST FOR POSTURAL STABILITY
GAIT
References
Glossary
Index

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