Foundations of Nursing Research 7th Edition by Rose Marie Nieswiadomy, ISBN-13: 978-0134167213

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Foundations of Nursing Research 7th Edition by Rose Marie Nieswiadomy, ISBN-13: 978-0134167213

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• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 7th edition (May 1, 2017)
• Language: ‎ English
• 432 pages
• ISBN-10: 013416721X

• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0134167213

For use as a primary text in undergraduate nursing research courses. Clear, engaging writing sparks an interest in nursing research and evidence-based nursing.

Foundations of Nursing Research illuminates all steps of the nursing research process, helping readers understand the importance of research to evidence-based nursing practice, evaluate and critique research, and determine whether study findings are ready to apply in practice. Its conversational tone explains research simply and clearly. To illustrate specific aspects of the research process, extensive research study excerpts are interspersed throughout the book, including research performed outside the U.S. User-friendly learning features include chapter objectives, key terms, summaries, review questions, research links, and self-tests.

Table of Contents:

Foundations of Nursing Research

About the Author

Contributors

Reviewers

Preface

Features of the Book

Contents

Part I Introduction to Nursing Research

Chapter 1 Development of Nursing Research

Objectives

Importance of Research to Nursing

Definitions of Nursing Research

Sources of Nursing Knowledge

Scientific Research

Purposes of Nursing Research

Funding of Nursing Research

Goals for Conducting Nursing Research

Promote Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Ensure Credibility of the Nursing Profession

Provide Accountability for Nursing Practice

Document the Cost-Effectiveness of Nursing Care

Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Nurses and Research

Roles of Nurses in Research

History of Nursing Research

National Institute of Nursing Research

The Cochrane Collaboration and the Cochrane Nursing Care Field

Research Priorities into the Future

National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses

Mental Health Nursing

Oncology Nursing Society

Institute of Emergency Nursing Research

Association of Community Health Nurse Educators

Research in Nursing Education

Future Strategies for Improved Healthcare Quality

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 2 Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Objectives

Defining Evidence-Based Practice

Why we use evidence-based practice

Research Utilization versus Evidence-Based Practice

Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Benefits of EBP

Asking Clinical Questions

Sources for Evidence for Practice

The Cochrane Collaboration

The Cochrane Library

Cochrane Database

Cochrane Centers

Cochrane Nursing Care Field

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Evidence-Based Practice Centers

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

National Guideline Clearinghouse

National Quality Forum

Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Centers

Joanna Briggs Institute

ACE Center for Advancing Clinical Excellence

Sarah Cole Hirsh Institute

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 3 Research Evidence in Nursing Practice

Objectives

The Evolving Nature of Evidence-Based Practice

Models to Promote Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing

The Stetler Model

The Iowa Model

Discussion of Iowa Model Concepts

Leadership Responsibilities

Evaluation

Application

Implementation

Barriers Associated with EBP

Facilitators of Evidence-Based Practice

Application of the Iowa Model

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 4 Ethical Issues in Nursing Research

Objectives

Development of Ethical Codes and Guidelines

Historical Overview

Unethical Research in the United States

Ethical Research Guidelines

Founding Principles of Ethical Research

Institutional Review Boards

Members of Institutional Review Boards

IRB Review

Elements of Informed Consent

Description of Purpose of Study and Study Procedures

Description of Unforeseeable Risks

Description of Benefits

Disclosure of Appropriate Alternative Procedures

Description of Maintenance of Confidentiality or Anonymity

Plans for Unforeseeable Injuries

Contact Information for Questions Relevant to the Study

Assurance of Freedom to Volunteer for or Withdraw from the Study

Documentation of Informed Consent

Integrity in Research

Research Guidelines for Nurses

Nurse Researcher as a Patient Advocate

Critiquing the Ethical Aspects of a Study

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 5 An Overview of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Objectives

Introduction

Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Steps in Quantitative Research

Identify the Research Problem

Determine the Purpose of the Study

Formulate the Research Question

Review the Literature

Develop a Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Identify the Study Assumptions

Acknowledge the Limitations of the Study

Formulate the Hypothesis

Define the Study Variables/Terms

Select the Research Design

Identify the Population

Select the Sample

Conduct a Pilot Study

Collect the Data

Organize the Data for Analysis

Analyze the Data

Interpret the Findings

Communicate the Findings

Utilize the Findings

Qualitative Nursing Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Identify the Problem of the Study

State the Purpose

Select the Research Design

Review the Literature

Select the Sample

Gain Entry to the Research Site

Protect the Rights of Participants

Collect the Data

Analyze the Data

Interpret the Data

Communicate the Study Results

Utilize the Study Results

Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Summary

Self-Test

References

Part II Preliminary Steps in the Research Process

Chapter 6 Identifying Nursing Research Problems

Objectives

Introduction

Sources of Nursing Research Problems

Personal Experiences

Literature Sources

Existing Theories

Previous Research

Research Problem Considerations

Ethical Issues

Significance to Nursing

Personal Motivation

Researcher Qualifications

Feasibility of Study

Time

Cost

Equipment and Supplies

Administrative Support

Peer Support

Availability of Subjects

Research Question Criteria

Written in Interrogative Sentence Form

Includes the Population

Includes the Variable(s)

One-Variable Studies

Two-Variable Studies

Multiple-Variable Studies

Empirically Testable

Research Question Format

Critiquing Problem Statements, Purpose Statements, and Research Questions

Problem Statement

Purpose Statement

Research Questions

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 7 Review of the Literature

Objectives

Introduction

Purposes of the Literature Review

Literature Sources

Types of Information Sources

Primary and Secondary Sources

Grey Literature

Search Strategies

Develop a Search Strategy

Decide on your search question

Question whether the topic needs to be more specific

Create a set of search terms or phrases

Decide if currency is important

Use options and limiters

Ask a Librarian

Finding Tools

Catalogs

Databases

Selected Databases for Nursing Students

CINAHL Databases

MEDLINE Databases

Cochrane Database of Systematic Review

Ovid Nursing database

PsychINFO

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database (PQDT)

Science Direct

Scopus

Search Engines

Writing the Literature Review

Extracting Information from Literature Sources

Critiquing the Literature Review in a Research Article

Components of a Literature Review

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 8 Theory and Nursing Research

Objectives

Introduction

Theory Terminology

Theory

Concept

Construct

Propositional Statements

Empirical Generalization

Hypothesis

Model

Conceptual Models

Paradigm and Metaparadigm

Types and Scope of Theories in Nursing Research

Paradigms and Metaparadigms

Nursing Conceptual Models

Orem’s Self-Care Model

Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings

Roy’s Adaptation Model

Neuman’s Systems Model

Middle-range and Practice Theories

Integrating Theory into Nursing Research

Theories from Nursing

Combining Two Nursing Theories

Theories from Other Disciplines

Combining Theories from Nursing and Other Disciplines

Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks

Theoretical Development, Testing, and Critique

Theory Generation and Development

Theory Testing in Nursing Research

Critiquing the Theoretical Framework of a Study

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 9 Hypotheses

Objectives

Introduction

Hypotheses Overview

Purposes of Hypotheses

Sources or Rationale for Hypotheses

Classifications of Hypotheses

Simple and Complex Hypotheses

Nondirectional and Directional Research Hypotheses

Causal and Associative Research Hypotheses

Null and Research Hypotheses

Developing Hypotheses

Hypothesis Format

Hypotheses and Theory Testing

Critiquing Hypotheses

Summary

Self-Test

References

Part III Research Designs

Chapter 10 Quantitative Research Designs

Objectives

Introduction

Exploratory, Descriptive, and Explanatory Studies

Research Designs

Experimental Research

Validity of Experimental Designs

Threats to Internal Validity

Selection Bias

History

Maturation

Testing

Instrumentation Change

Mortality

Threats to External Validity

Hawthorne Effect

Experimenter Effect

Reactive Effects of the Pretest

Symbolic Presentation of Research Designs

Types of Experimental Designs

True Experimental Designs

Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design

Posttest-Only Control Group Design

Solomon Four-Group Design

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Nonequivalent Control Group Design

Time-Series Design

Pre-Experimental Designs

One-Shot Case Study

One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

Nonexperimental Research

Types of Nonexperimental Designs

Survey Studies

Correlational Studies

Comparative Studies

Methodological Studies

Secondary Analysis Studies

Settings for Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research Designs

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 11 Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research Designs

Objectives

Introduction

Qualitative Research Designs

Phenomenology

Ethnographic Studies

Grounded Theory

Narrative Inquiry

Case Studies

Action Research Studies

Mixed Methods Research

Strategies for Mixed Methods Research

Summary

Self-Test

References

Part IV Obtaining Study Participants and Collection of Data

Chapter 12 Populations and Samples

Objectives

Introduction

Populations

Samples and Sampling

Probability Sampling Methods

Simple Random Sampling

Stratified Random Sampling

Cluster Random Sampling

Systematic Random Sampling

Nonprobability Sampling Methods

Convenience Sampling

Quota Sampling

Purposive Sampling

Time Frame for Studying the Sample

Sampling Concepts and Factors

Sample Size

Sampling Error and Sampling Bias

Randomization Procedures in Research

Critiquing the Sampling Procedure

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 13 Measurement and Data Collection

Objectives

Introduction

Measurement

Level of Measurement

Converting Data to a Lower Level of Measurement

Determining the Appropriate Level of Measurement

Data-Collection Process

Data-Collection Methods

Data-Collection Instruments

Use of Existing Instruments

Developing an Instrument

Pilot Studies

Criteria for Selection of a Data-Collection Instrument

Practicality of the Instrument

Reliability of the Instrument

Stability Reliability

Equivalence Reliability

Internal Consistency Reliability

Validity of the Instrument

Face Validity

Content Validity

Criterion Validity

Construct Validity

Relationship between Reliability and Validity

Utilizing the Data

Sources of Error in Data Collection

Preparing Data for Analysis

Critiquing Data-Collection Procedures

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 14 Data-Collection Methods

Objectives

Introduction

Questionnaires

Overall Appearance of Questionnaire

Language and Reading Level of Questions

Length of Questionnaire and Questions

Wording of Questions

Types of Questions

Demographic Questions

Closed-Ended Questions

Open-Ended Questions

Contingency Questions

Filler Questions

Placement of Questions

Cover Letter

Completion Instructions

Distribution of Questionnaires

Factors Influencing Response Rates

Advantages of Questionnaires

Disadvantages of Questionnaires

Interviews

Types of Interviews

Interview Instruments

Interview Questions

Interviewer Training

Timing and Setting for Interviews

Interviewer Guidelines

Influence of Interviewers on Respondents

Advantages of Interviews

Disadvantages of Interviews

Observation Methods

Determining Behaviors to be Observed

Research Observers

Observation Procedures

Structured and Unstructured Observations

Event Sampling and Time Sampling

Relationship between Observer and Subjects

The Role of the Nurse versus the Researcher

Attitude Scales

Likert Scale

Semantic Differential Scales

Physiological and Psychological Measures

Psychological Tests

Personality Inventories

Projective Technique

Other Data-Collection Methods

Q Sort

Delphi Technique

Visual Analogue Scale

Preexisting Data

Critiquing Data-Collection Methods

Summary

Self-Test

References

Part V Data Analysis

Chapter 15 Descriptive Statistics

Objectives

Introduction

Key Concepts in Statistics

Statistical Symbols

Classifications of Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

Measures to Condense Data

Frequency Distributions

Graphic Presentations

Bar Graph

Histogram

Frequency Polygon

Percentages

Measures of Central Tendency

Mode

Median

Mean

Measures of Variability

Range

Percentile

Standard Deviation

Variance

Z-Scores

Measures of Relationships

Correlation Coefficients

Scatter Plots

Contingency Tables

Types of Correlational Procedures

Pearson r

Spearman Rho

Correlational procedures for nominal data

Intraocular Method of Data Analysis

Critiquing Descriptive Statistics in Research Reports

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 16 Inferential Statistics

Objectives

Introduction

Purposes of Inferential Statistics

Estimating Population Parameters

Sampling Distribution of the Mean

Confidence Intervals

Testing Hypotheses

The Study Hypothesis

Choosing a Statistical Test

Level of Significance

One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests

Calculating the Test Statistic

Comparing Calculated Value and Critical Value

Support for the Study Hypothesis

Factors Affecting Choice of Statistical Measures

Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Tests

Power of a Statistical Test

Type I and Type II Errors

Statistical Tests Used in Nursing Research

t Test

Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square

Testing the Significance of Correlation Coefficients

Advanced Statistical Tests

Critiquing Inferential Statistics in Research Reports

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 17 Presentation and Discussion of Study Findings

Objectives

Introduction

Presentation of Findings of the Study

Findings of the Study

Ethical Issues in Presenting Research Findings

Narrative Presentation of Findings

Tables

Figures

Discussion of Findings and Significance

Discussion of Study Hypotheses

Statistical and Clinical Significance

Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations

Conclusions

Implications

Recommendations

Replication of the Research Study

Consideration of Study Limitations in Future Research

Extensions of the Research Study

Critiquing the Presentation of Study Findings

Summary

Self-Test

References

Part VI Research Findings and Nursing Practice

Chapter 18 Communication and Utilization of Nursing Research

Objectives

Introduction

Communication of Nursing Research Findings

Preparing a Research Report

Presenting Research Results at Professional Conferences

Presenting a Research Paper

Presenting a Research Poster

Publishing a Journal Article

Preparing the Article

Selecting a Journal

Choosing Between Refereed and Nonrefereed Journals

Sending Query Letters

Reasons for Manuscript Rejection

Preparing Research Reports for Funding Agencies

Preparing Theses and Dissertations

Utilization of Nursing Research Findings

Additional Barriers to Nursing Research Utilization

Inadequate Dissemination of Research Findings

Findings are Not Ready for Use in Practice

Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice

WCHEN Project

CURN Project

Rogers’s Innovation-Diffusion Model

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 19 Nursing Research and Healthcare Economics

Objectives

Healthcare Economics and Nursing

Understanding Market Forces Affecting Nurses

Determining the Value of Nursing

The Dall Study

Nursing Research Cost-Effectiveness Studies

Telephonic Nursing Studies

Need For More Research Studies on Nursing Care

Impacts of Governmental Agencies and Related Organizations

Affordable Care Act

Regulatory Agencies

Public Health

Summary

Self-Test

References

Chapter 20 Critique of Research Reports

Objectives

Introduction

Critiquing Quantitative Research Reports

Researcher Qualifications

Title

Abstract

Introduction

Identifying the Problem

Purpose

Review of the Literature

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Assumptions

Limitations

Hypothesis(es)

Definition of Terms

Research Design

Setting

Population and Sample

Collection of Data

Data-Collection Instruments

Analysis of Data

Discussion of Findings

Conclusions

Implications

Recommendations

Other Considerations

Critiquing Qualitative Research Reports

Researcher Qualifications

Title

Abstract

Introduction

Problem of the Study

Purpose

Research Question

Research Design

Review of the Literature

Selection of Sample

Collection of Data

Analysis of Data

Interpretation of Data

Recommendations

Other Considerations

Summary

Self-Test

References

Self-Test Answers

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

Chapter 19

Chapter 20

Appendix A Consent Form

Appendix B Critiquing Exercise

Glossary

Credits

Index

Catherine A. Bailey, PhD, RN, CNE is a registered nurse. She graduated from a diploma program in Germantown, Pennsylvania and received her BS, MS, and PhD from Texas Woman’s University (TWU) College of Nursing in Denton, Texas. She is an Associate Professor at Texas Woman’s University, College of Nursing in Dallas, Texas. Her primary interests are in nursing education, adult healthcare and research in nursing. She has taught undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students in the classroom, the simulation lab, and the clinical setting since 2001. She teaches research to master’s level graduate nursing students and she has chaired Professional Projects for Family Nurse Practitioner students. She also works with doctoral students who are seeking the degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice. She has published textbook chapters on the use of high-fidelity simulations for nursing students and case scenarios that are appropriate for simulation experiences. She has presented the findings from her studies in podium and poster presentations at METI HPSN Conferences and Sigma Theta Tau International Conferences as well as other regional and local venues.

Dr. Bailey has chaired the TWU Institutional Review Board for the Texas Woman’s University, Dallas Campus. She has worked as a research consultant for the Department of Veterans Affairs, VA North Texas Health Care System, Nursing Service, and participated in the planning of four biennial National Nursing Research conferences in Dallas, Texas. She is a past president of the Board of Directors for Sigma Theta Tau International, Beta Beta Chapter. She is an editorial review board member of the Journal of Theory Construction and Testing. She volunteers as a mentor of the Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice Council at the UT Southwestern Medical Center William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital. Dr. Bailey is also a member of the International Association of Clinical Simulation and Learning, the American Association of the Colleges of Nursing, the American Nurses Association and the Texas Nurses Association.

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