Foundation Design: Principles and Practices 3rd Edition by Donald Coduto, ISBN-13: 978-0133411898

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Foundation Design: Principles and Practices 3rd Edition by Donald Coduto, ISBN-13: 978-0133411898

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• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 3rd edition (January 12, 2015)
• Language: ‎ English
• 984 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0133411893
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0133411898

For graduate and undergraduate courses in Foundation Engineering.

Table of Contents:

Contents
Preface
What is new in this Edition
Notation and Units of Measurement
Part A General Principles
1 Foundations
1.1 Foundation Classification
1.2 The Emergence of Modern Foundation Engineering
The Eiffel Tower
Chicago
San ­Francisco–​­Oakland Bay Bridge
1.3 The Foundation Engineer
1.4 Codes, Standards, and Technical Literature
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
2 Uncertainty and Risk in Foundation Design
2.1 Sources and Types of Uncertainty
2.2 Probability Theory
Basic Elements of Probability
Mathematical Expectation
Dispersion or Variability
Useful Probability Density Functions
Normal or Gaussian Distribution
Solution
­Log-​­normal Distribution
Functions of Normally and ­Log-​­normally Distributed Random Variables
Solution
2.3 Failure, Reliability, and Risk
Formulating the Probability of Failure: Safety Factor and Safety Margin
Solution
Acceptable Levels of Risk
2.4 Applying Reliability Theory in Practice
­Reliability-​­Based Design
Deterministic Safety ­Factor-​­Based Methods
Allowable Stress Design
Solution
Commentary
Solution
Load and Resistance Factor Design
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Section 2.1: Types of Uncertainty
Section 2.2: Probability Theory
Section 2.3: Failure, Reliability, and Risk
Section 2.4: Applying Reliability Theory in Practice
3 Soil Mechanics
3.1 Review and Nomenclature
­Weight-​­Volume Relationships
Relative Density
3.2 Soil Classification
Unified Soil Classification System
Cohesive Versus Cohesionless Soils
Other Geomaterials
3.3 Stress
Geostatic Stresses
Horizontal Stress
Solution
Induced Stresses
Boussinesq’s Method
Solution
Solution
Chart Solutions
Approximate Methods
Numerical Analyses
3.4 Compressibility and Settlement
Physical Processes
Fundamentals of Computing Settlement
­Stress-​­Strain Models for Soils
Modulus Based Method
­e-​­Log-​­p Method
Computing Foundation Settlement
Modulus Based Method
Solution
Comments
­e-​­log-​­p Method
Solution
Comments
Other Factors Affecting Settlement
3.5 Shear Strength
Drained and Undrained Conditions
Volume Change During Loading
Volume Change Due to Mean Normal Stress
Volume Change Due to Deviator Stress
The Drained Condition
The Undrained Condition
Intermediate Drainage Conditions
­Mohr–​­Coulomb Failure Criterion
Effective Stress Analyses
Total Stress Analyses
Shear Strength of Saturated Cohesionless Soils
Shear Strength of Saturated Cohesive Soils
Sensitivity
Shear Strength of Saturated Intermediate Soils
Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils
3.6 Lateral Earth Pressures
Rankine’s Theory for Cohesionless Soils
Assumptions
Active Condition
Passive Condition
Displacements Required to Mobilize Active and Passive Pressure
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Section 3.1 Review and Nomenclature
Section 3.3 Stress
Section 3.4 Compressibility and Settlement
Section 3.5 Shear Strength
Section 3.6 Lateral Earth Pressures
Comprehensive
4 Subsurface Investigation and Characterization
4.1 Site Investigation
Background Literature Search
Field Reconnaissance
Subsurface Exploration and Sampling
Exploratory Borings
Soil Sampling
Groundwater Monitoring
Exploratory Trenches
4.2 Laboratory Testing
Consolidation (Oedometer) Tests
Test Procedure and Results
Laboratory Shear Strength Tests
Direct Shear Test
Unconfined Compression Test
Triaxial Compression Test
4.3 ­In ­Situ Testing
Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
Test Procedure
Corrections to the Test Data
Uses of SPT Data
Cone Penetration Test (CPT)
Uses of CPT Data
Corrected CPT Parameters
Normalized CPT Parameters
Correlation with Soil Behavior Type
Correlation with SPT ­N-​­Value
Solution
Dilatometer Test
Correlation with Soil Type
Vane Shear Test (VST)
Pressuremeter Test (PMT)
Becker Penetration Test
Comparison of ­In Situ Test Methods
4.4 Determination of Soil Properties for Foundation Design
General Soil Properties
Unit Weight
Overconsolidation Ratio
Correlation with SPT Data
Correlation with CPT Data
Correlation with DMT Data
Coefficient of Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest
Correlation with CPT Data
Correlation with DMT Data
Relative Density of Cohesionless Soils
Correlation with SPT Data
Correlation with CPT Data
Strength Properties
Undrained Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils
Correlation with VST Data
Correlation with CPT Data
Correlation with DMT Data
Drained Strength of Cohesionless Soils
Correlation with SPT Data
Solution
Correlation with CPT Data
Correlation with DMT Data
­Stress-​­Strain Properties
Poisson’s Ratio
Undrained elastic modulus of cohesive soils
Drained modulus of cohesive soils
Drained Modulus of Cohesionless Soils
Correlation with SPT Data
Drained modulus of cohesive and cohesionless soils
Correlation with DMT Data
Correlation with CPT Data
Compression Index (­e­ -​­log-​­p Model)
4.4 Synthesis of Field and Laboratory Data
Uncertainty in Measured Properties
Selection of Characteristic Values of Soil Properties
4.5 Economics
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
5 Performance Requirements
5.1 Types of Failure and Limit States
5.2 Ultimate Limit States
Allowable Stress Design
Ultimate Strength Design or Load and Resistance Factor Design
Geotechnical Ultimate Limit States
Structural Ultimate Limit States
Types and Sources of Loads
Load Combinations
Load Combinations for ASD
Load Combinations for LRFD
Foundation Loads or Demands
Solution
Solution
5.3 Serviceability Limit States
­Deformation-​­Related Serviceability Limits
Settlement
Structural Response to Settlement
Total Settlement
Differential Settlement
Solution
Rate of Settlement
Heave
Tilt
Lateral Movement
Vibration
Design Loads for Serviceability Analyses
­Durability-​­Related Serviceability Limits
Corrosion of Steel
Sulfate Attack on Concrete
Decay of Timber
5.4 Constructability Requirements
5.5 Economic Requirements
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Section 5.1: Types of Failure and Limit States
Section 5.2: Ultimate Limit States
Section 5.3: Serviceability Limit States
Part B Shallow Foundation Analysis and Design
6 Shallow Foundations
6.1 Spread Footings
Footing Types
Materials
Construction Methods
6.2 Mats
6.3 Bearing Pressure
Distribution of Bearing Pressure
Computation of Bearing Pressure
Solution
Solution
Net Bearing Pressure
Foundations with Eccentric or Moment Loads
­One-​­Way Eccentric or Moment Loading
Solution
­Two-​­Way Eccentric or Moment Loading
Solution
Equivalent Uniformly Loaded Footing
Solution
Discussion
6.4 Presumptive Allowable Bearing Pressures
Solution
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Section 6.1 Spread Footings
Section 6.3 Bearing Pressure
Section 6.4 Presumptive Allowable Bearing Pressure
7 Spread Footings—Geotechnical ­Ultimate Limit States
7.1 Bearing Capacity
7.2 Bearing Capacity Analyses in ­Soil—​­general Shear Case
Methods of Analyzing Bearing Capacity
Simple Bearing Capacity Formula
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Formulas
Solution
Solution
Vesić’s Bearing Capacity Formulas
Shape Factors
Depth Factors
Load Inclination Factors
Base Inclination Factors
Ground Inclination Factors
Bearing Capacity Factors
7.3 Groundwater Effects
Apparent Cohesion
Pore Water Pressure
Solution
7.4 Selection of Soil Strength Parameters
Degree of Saturation and Location of Groundwater Table
Drained Versus Undrained Strength
7.5 Design of Spread Footings Against Bearing Capacity Failure
ASD Method
Solution
Solution
Load and Resistance Factor Design Method
Solution
7.6 Bearing Capacity Analysis in ­Soil—​­Local and Punching Shear Cases
7.7 Bearing Capacity on Layered Soils
Solution
Commentary
7.8 Bearing Capacity of Footings on or Near Slopes
7.9 Accuracy of Bearing Capacity Analyses
7.10 Design of Spread Footings Against Sliding Failure
Sources of Shear Resistance
Allowable Strength Design Method
Cohesionless Soils
Solution
Cohesive Soils
Load and Resistance Factor Design Method
Cohesionless Soils
Cohesive Soils
Solution
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Sections 7.1 to 7.5: Bearing Capacity and Footing Design
Section 7.10: Design of Spread Footings Against Sliding Failure
Comprehensive
8 Spread ­Footings—​­Geotechnical ­Serviceability Limit States
8.1 Design Requirements
8.2 Modulus Based Methods of Computing Settlement
Simple Elastic Solutions for Settlement
Drained versus undrained deformation
Solution
Commentary
Generalized Elastic Methods for Computing Settlement
Solution
Solution
Commentary
Incremental Constrained Modulus Method
Solution
Commentary
Schmertmann’s Method
Strain Influence Factor
Analysis Procedure
Solution
8.3 ­e-Log-​­p Based Method of Computing Settlement
Computation of Effective Stresses
Foundation Rigidity Effects
Settlement Computation
Solution
Solution
General Methodology
8.4 Differential Settlement
Computing Differential Settlement of Spread Footings
Alleviating Differential Settlement Problems
Solution
Mats
8.5 Rate of Settlement
Clays
Sands
8.6 Accuracy of Settlement Predictions
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Section 8.2: Modulus Based Methods of Computing Settlement
Section 8.3: e-log-p Based Method of Computing Settlement
Section 8.4: Differential Settlement
Comprehensive
9 Spread ­Footings—​­Geotechnical Design
9.1 Individual Footing Design Approach
Footing Depth
Footing Width
Serviceability Limits
Ultimate Strength ­Limit—​­Bearing Capacity
Communicating Requirements
Footings Subject to Moments or Eccentric Loads
Lateral Capacity
9.2 Design Chart Approach
Footing Depth
Footing Width
Serviceability Limits
Ultimate Strength ­Limits—​­Bearing Capacity
Communicating Requirements
Lateral Capacity
9.3 Allowable Bearing Pressure Approach
Limitations of the Allowable Bearing Pressure Approach
Solution
Process for Computing the Allowable Bearing Pressure
ASD
Computing Allowable Bearing ­Pressures—​­ASD
Applying Allowable Bearing ­Pressures—​­ASD
Using a Single Allowable Bearing ­Pressure—​­ASD
Solution Part 1: Compute allowable bearing pressures
Solution Part 2: Compute required footing width
Commentary
LRFD
Computing Allowable Bearing ­Pressures—​­LRFD
Applying Allowable Bearing ­Pressures—​­LRFD
Summary
9.4 Rectangular and Combined Footings
9.5 Special Seismic Considerations
9.6 Lightly-Loaded Footings
Presumptive Allowable Bearing Pressures
Minimum Dimensions
Potential Problems
9.7 Footings on or near Slopes
9.8 Footings on Frozen Soils
Frost Heave
Permafrost
9.9 Footings on Soils Prone to Scour
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Section 9.1: Design for Isolated Footings
Section 9.2: Rectangular and Combined Footings
Section 9.4: Lightly Loaded Footings
Section 9.5: Footings on or Near Slopes
Section 9.6: Lightly Loaded Footings
Comprehensive
10 Spread ­Footings—​­Structural Design
10.1 Selection of Materials
10.2 Footing Behavior and Design Methods
10.3 Design Methodology
Demand
Capacity
Design Process
10.4 Minimum Cover Requirements and Standard Dimensions
10.5 Square Footings
Designing for Shear
­Two-​­Way Shear
­One-​­Way Shear
Solution
Designing for Flexure
Flexural Design Standards
Reinforcing Steel
Flexural Design Principles
Development Length
Application to Spread Footings
Principles
Steel Area
Development Length
Solution
10.6 Continuous Footings
Designing for Shear
Designing for Flexure
Solution
10.7 Rectangular Footings
10.8 Combined Footings
10.9 Lightly Loaded Footings
10.10 Connections with the Superstructure
Connections with Columns
Concrete or Masonry Columns
Design for Column Bearing Loads
Design for Moment Loads
Design for Shear Loads
Splices
Steel Columns
Design Principles
Selection and Sizing of Anchor Bolts
Anchorage
Shear Transfer
Solution
Wood Columns
Connections with Walls
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Sections 10.1–10.4: Materials, Behavior, Design Methods, and Cover
Section 10.5: Square Footings
Section 10.6: Continuous Footings
Sections 10.7 & 10.8: Rectangular and Combined Footings
Section 10.10: Connections with the Superstructure
Comprehensive Questions
11 Mats
11.1 Configuration
11.2 Geotechnical Ultimate Limit States
11.3 Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States
11.4 Compensated Mats
Solution
11.5 Rigid Methods
11.6 Nonrigid Methods
Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction
Winkler Method
Coupled Method
Pseudo-Coupled Method
Solution
Multiple-Parameter Method
Finite Element Method
11.7 Structural Design
General Methodology
Closed-Form Solutions
Finite Element Method
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Part C Deep Foundation Analysis and Design
12 Deep Foundation Systems and Construction Methods
12.1 Deep Foundation Types and Terminologyx
12.2 Driven Piles
History
Materials
Timber Piles
Steel Piles
­H-​­Piles
Pipe Piles
Driven Concrete Piles
­Concrete-​­Filled Steel Pipe Piles
Plastic Composite Piles
Pile Driving Methods and Equipment
­Pile ​­Driving Rigs
Hammers
Drop Hammers
Steam, Pneumatic, and Hydraulic Hammers
Diesel Hammers
Appurtenances
Vibratory Hammers
Predrilling, Jetting, and Spudding
Pile Arrangements and Geometries
12.3 Drilled Shafts
12.4 Auger Piles
Auger Cast in Place (ACIP) Piles
Drilled Displacement Piles
12.5 Other Pile Types
Jacked Piles
­Pressure-​­Injected Footings (Franki Piles)
Phase 1: Driving
Phase 2: Forming the Base
Phase 3: Building the Shaft
Micropiles
Helical Piles
Anchors
12.6 Caissons
Open Caissons
Pneumatic Caissons
12.7 Pile-​Supported and Pile​­Enhanced Mats
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
13 ­Piles—​­Load Transfer and Limit States
13.1 Axial Load Transfer
Downward (Compressive) Loads
Upward (Tensile) Loads
Contact Areas At and As
­Closed-​­Section Piles
­Open-​­Section Piles
Unit Capacities
Ultimate Limit States
Geotechnical Ultimate Limit State
Allowable Stress Design Methodology
Load and Resistance Factor Design Methodology
Structural ultimate limit state
Serviceability Limit States
Mobilization of Soil Resistance
13.2 Lateral Load Transfer
13.3 Installation Effects
Driven Piles
Effects on Cohesive Soils
Effects on Cohesionless Soils
Drilled Shafts
Auger Piles
Downdrag or Negative Skin Friction
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
14 ­Piles—​­Axial Load Capacity Based on Static Load Tests
14.1 Objectives
14.2 Conventional Static Pile Load Tests
Equipment
Procedure
Maintained Load Test
Quick Test
14.3 Interpretation of Test Results
Modulus of Elasticity
Steel
Concrete
Timber
Davisson Method
Solution
Brinch Hansen Method
Solution
Solution
Load Transfer Indicators
14.4 Instrumented Static Pile Load Tests
Instrumentation Using Strain Gages
Solution
Commentary
Instrumentation Using Telltale Rods
Solution
Commentary
Residual Stresses
14.5 Osterberg Load Tests (­O-​­Cell)
14.6 Dynamic Axial Load Tests
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
15 Driven ­Piles—​­Axial Load Capacity Based on Static Analysis Methods
15.1 Toe Bearing
Cohesionless Soils
Maximum Values
Solution
Cohesive Soils
15.2 Side Friction
Effective Stress Analyses
Principles
β Method
Maximum Value
Solution
Solution
Total Stress Analyses (α Method)
Solution
Silts
Long Piles
15.3 Analyses Based on the Cone Penetration Test
LCPC Method
Toe Bearing
Side Friction
Accuracy
Eslami and Fellenius Method
Basis
Toe Bearing
Side Friction
Accuracy
Solution
15.4 Upward Capacity
Solution
15.5 Group Effects
Interactions Among Piles
Cohesionless soils
Cohesive Soils
Block Failure
Upward Capacity of Pile Groups
15.6 Unusual Soils
15.7 Setup and Relaxation
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Sections 15.1-15.2: Introduction, Toe Bearing and Side Friction
Section 15.3: Analyses Based on CPT
Section 15.4: Upward Capacity
Section 15.5: Group Capacity
Section 15.7
Comprehensive
16 Drilled ­Shafts—​­Axial Load Capacity Based on Static Analysis Methods
16.1 Toe Bearing
Cohesionless Soils
Cohesive Soils
16.2 Side Friction
Cohesionless Soils
Solution
Cohesive Soils
Solution
16.3 Upward Load Capacity
16.4 Analyses Based on CPT Results
16.5 Group Effects
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
17 Auger ­Piles—​­Axial Load Capacity Based on Static Analysis Methods
17.1 Augered Cast-In-Place Piles (ACIP)
Toe Bearing
Side Friction
Upward Capacity
Analyses Based on CPT
Group Effects
Solution
17.2 Drilled Displacement (DD) Piles
Amelioration
Group Effects
Solution
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
18 Other Pile ­Types—​­Axial Load Capacity
18.1 Jacked Piles
18.2 Pressure-Injected Footings (Franki Piles)
Toe Bearing
Side Friction
18.3 Micropiles
18.4 Helical Piles
Individual Bearing Failure
Cylindrical Shear Failure
Minimum Embedment
Augering
­Torque-​­Based Methods
Factor of Safety
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
19 Deep ­Foundations—​­Axial Load ­Capacity Based on Dynamic Methods
19.1 Pile Driving Formulas
Typical Pile Driving Formulas
Inaccuracy of Pile Driving Formulas
19.2 Wave Equation Analyses
Wave Propagation Fundamentals
Energy Transfer in Pile Driving
Modeling Pile Driving
Hammer Models
Pile Models
Cushion Models
Soil Model
Numerical Solution Process
Wave Equation Analysis Software
Preliminary Hammer Selection
Developing a Bearing Graph Using Wave Equation Analysis
Analyses of Driving Stresses and Selection of Optimal Driving Equipment
Freeze (Setup) or Relaxation Effects
19.3 ­High-​­Strain Dynamic Testing
Short Duration ­High-​­Strain Dynamic Tests
The Case Method
Wave Matching Method
Tests Using Drop Hammers
Force Pulse Load Tests
Statnamic® Test System
Drop Hammer Systems
Unloading Point Analysis Method
Modification to UP to Account for ­Non-​­rigid Body Motion
Adjustments for Tests in Cohesive Soils
Application of ­High-​­strain Dynamic and Force Pulse Load Tests
19.4 Conclusions
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
20 ­Piles—​­Serviceability Limit States
20.1 Design Load
20.2 Settlement Analysis Based on Load Tests
20.3 Mobilization of Pile Capacity
Side Friction
Toe Bearing
Elastic Compression
Synthesis
Solution
Results and Commentary
20.4 The ­t-​­z Method
20.5 Simplified Static Analysis Methods
Solution
Commentary
20.6 Settlement of Pile Groups
Equivalent Footing Method
Solution
Numerical Analyses
20.7 Equivalent Spring Model
20.8 Other Sources of Settlement
20.9 Other Serviceabilty Considerations
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
21 ­Piles—​­Structural Design
21.1 Design Philosophy
Buckling
Comparison with Superstructure Design
21.2 Design Criteria
ASD
LRFD
21.3 Driven Piles
Timber Piles
Steel Piles
Solution
Code Note
­Concrete-​­Filled Steel Pipe Piles
Prestressed Concrete Piles
Axial Loading
Combined Axial and Flexural Loading
Standard Designs
Handling Stresses
Solution
Driving Stresses
21.4 Drilled Shafts and Auger Piles
Material Properties
Concrete Cover
Axial Loading
Combined Axial and Flexural Loading
21.5 Pile Caps
21.6 Seismic Design
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
22 Laterally Loaded Piles
22.1 Battered Piles
22.2 Response to Lateral Loads
Short Versus Long Piles
­Soil-​­Structure Interaction
Solution
Commentary
End Restraints
22.3 Methods of Evaluating Lateral Load Capacity
22.4 Rigid Pile Analyses
Broms’ Method
Cohesive Soils
Cohesionless Soils
Solution
22.5 Nonrigid Pile Analyses
Finite Element Method
­p-​­y Method
22.6 ­p-​­y Curves for Isolated Piles
Clays
Soft Clay
Solution
Other Clays
Sands
Selection of ­p-​­y Curves
­p-​­y Curves Directly from ­In ​­Situ Tests
22.7 Lateral Load Tests
Static Lateral Load Tests
Lateral Statnamic Test
22.8 Group Effects
­p-​­Multipliers
Shear Load Distribution and ­Load-​­Deformation Behavior
Passive Resistance on Pile Cap
End Restraints
22.9 Depth to Fixity Method
22.10 Improving Lateral Capacity
22.11 Synthesis
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Sections 22.1 to 22.2: Introduction and Response to Lateral Loads
Sections 22.3 to 22.5: Methods of Evaluation and Rigid & NonRigid Pile Analysis
Section 22.6: ­p-​­y Curves for Isolated Piles
Section 22.8: Group Effects
23 ­Piles—​­The Design Process
23.1 Unstable Conditions
Scour
Downdrag
­Seismically-​­Induced Liquefaction
Landslides
23.2 Pile Type and Configuration
23.3 Required Axial Pile Capacity
23.4 Geotechnical Design
Lateral Load Analysis and Design
Axial Load Analysis and Design
First Trial Design
Static Load Testing
Dynamic Load Testing
23.5 Structural Design
23.6 Verification and Redesign During Construction
Driven Piles
Wave Equation Analyses
Setup and Relaxation
Drilled Shafts
Auger Piles
23.7 Integrity Testing
Methodologies
High Strain Dynamic Testing
Sonic Echo
­Cross-​­Hole Sonic Logging
­Cross-​­Hole Tomography
­Gamma-​­Gamma Logging
Thermal Integrity Profiling
Interpretation and ­Follow-​­Up Actions
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
24 Pile Supported and Pile Enhanced Mats
24.1 Pile Supported Mats
24.2 Pile Enhanced Mats
Geotechnical Ultimate Limit State
Solution
Geotechnical Serviceability Limit State
Structural Design
24.3 Compensated Mat Foundations
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Part D Special Topics
25 Foundations in Rocks and Intermediate Geomaterials
25.1 Rock as a Structural Foundation Material
Rock Mass Classification
Rock Mass Properties
Rock Mass Failure Criterion
Rock Mass Deformation Modulus
Poisson’s Ratio of Rock Mass
Solution
25.2 Design of Foundations in Rocks
Shallow Foundations in Rocks
Prescriptive Design
Ultimate Limit ­State—​­Bearing Capacity of Spread Footings on Rocks
Solution
Solution
Serviceability Limit ­State—​­Settlement of Spread Footings on Rocks
Solution
Deep Foundations in Rocks
Load Transfer Mechanisms
Ultimate Limit ­State—​­Axial Load Capacity of Rock Socketed Piles
Side Friction Resistance
Toe Bearing Resistance
Solution
Side Friction
Toe Bearing
ASD Capacity
LRFD Capacity
Serviceability Limit ­State—​­Settlement of Rock Socketed Piles
25.3 Foundations in Intermediate Geomaterials
Side Friction Resistance of Rock Sockets in Cohesive IGMs
Toe Bearing Resistance of Rock Sockets in Cohesive IGMs
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Section 25.1 Rock as a Structural Foundation Material
Section 25.2 Design of Foundations in Rocks
Section 25.3 Foundations in Intermediate Geomaterials
26 Ground Improvement
26.1 Ground Improvement for Foundations
26.2 Removal and Replacement
26.3 Precompression
Vertical Drains
26.4 ­In Situ Densification
Vibrocompaction
Dynamic Compaction
Rapid Impact Compaction
Blast Densification
26.5 ­In Situ Replacement
Aggregate Columns
Vibro Replacement or Stone Columns
Aggregate Piers
Vibro Concrete Columns
Rigid Inclusions
26.6 Grouting
Compaction Grouting
Jet Grouting
26.7 Stabilization Using Admixtures
Surface Mixing
­In situ Deep Mixing
26.8 Reinforcement
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Comprehensive
27 Foundations on Expansive Soils
27.1 The Nature, Origin, and Occurrence of Expansive Soils
What Causes a Clay to Expand?
What Factors Control the Amount of Expansion?
Occurrence of Expansive Clays
Influence of Climate on Expansion Potential
Depth of the Active Zone
Influence of Human Activities
27.2 Identifying, Testing, and Evaluating Expansive Soils
Qualitative Evaluations
Semiquantitative Evaluations
ASTM Standard Loaded Swell Tests
Method A
Method B
Method C
Other Loaded Swell Tests
Variation of Swell Potential with Normal Stress
Expansion Index Test
Correlations
Relating Laboratory Data to Field Behavior
27.3 Estimating Potential Heave
Laboratory Testing
Analysis
Solution
Differential Heave
27.4 Typical Structural Distress Patterns
27.5 Preventive Design and Construction Measures
Basic Preventive Measures
Additional Preventive Measures
Ground Modification for Expansive Clay
Replacement
Lime Treatment
Prewetting
Moisture Barriers
Bypassing the Expansive Clay
Deepened Footings
Drilled Shafts
Structurally Supported Floors
Mitigating Movements in the Structure
Flexible Construction
Rigid Foundation System
Determining Which Methods to Use
27.6 Other Sources of Heave
Expansive Rocks
Steelmaking Slag
Salt Heave
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
28 Foundations on Collapsible Soils
28.1 Origin and Occurrence of Collapsible Soils
Collapsible Alluvial and Colluvial Soils
Collapsible Aeolian Soils
Collapsible Residual Soils
28.2 Identification, Sampling, and Testing
Obtaining Samples of Collapsible Soils
Laboratory Soil Collapse Tests
28.3 Evaluation and Remediaiton for Routine Projects
28.4 Advanced Testing and Analysis
Collapse Testing
­In Situ Soil Collapse Tests
Wetting Processes
Settlement Computations
Unsaturated Soil Mechanics
28.5 Collapse in Deep Compacted Fills
28.6 Preventive and Remedial Measures
Summary
Major Points
Vocabulary
Questions and Practice Problems
Appendix A Units and Conversion Factors
Units of Measurement
Conversion Factors
Appendix B Probability Tables
References
Index

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