Emergency Care 14th Edition by Daniel J. Limmer, ISBN-13: 978-0135379134

Emergency Care 14th Edition by Daniel J. Limmer, ISBN-13: 978-0135379134

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 14th edition (February 21, 2020)
• Language: ‎ English
• 1456 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 013537913X
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0135379134

For courses in emergency medical technician training and emergency medical services.

A standard in EMS Education for over 35 years – now with a bold, new approach and updated artwork and images.

For over 35 years, Emergency Care has provided generations of EMT students with the practical information they need to succeed in the classroom and in the field. Using the National EMS Education Standards as a foundation, the text goes beyond the Standards to provide the most current, accurate reflection of EMS practice today. Multiple critical-thinking and decision-based features throughout help students integrate the need-to-know material of the classroom with the reality of being an EMT on the street. The 14th Edition has been updated throughout with the addition of more photos, fine-tuned patient care features, and significant reorganization involving the assessment, treatment, and care of children and older adults.

Table of Contents:

Brief Contents
Emergency Care
Emergency Care
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Photo Scans
Visual Guides
Preface
About the People
About the Authors
A Guide to…
MyLab BRADY
Section 1 Foundations
1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Services
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
The Emergency Medical Services System
How It Began
EMS Today
Components of the EMS System
Accessing the EMS System
Levels of EMS Training
Roles and Responsibilities of the EMT
Traits of a Good EMT
Physical Traits
Personal Traits
Education
Where Will You Become a Provider?
National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians
Quality Improvement
Medical Direction
The EMS Role in Public Health
Research
The Basics of EMS Research
Special Issues
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
2 Well-Being of the EMT
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Well-Being
Personal Protection
Standard Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment
Protective Gloves
Hand Cleaning
Eye and Face Protection
Masks
Gowns
Diseases of Concern
Specific Diseases of Concern
Infection Control and the Law
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Ryan White CARE Act
Tuberculosis Compliance Mandate
Immunizations
Emotion and Stress
Physiologic Aspects of Stress
Types of Stress Reactions
Acute Stress Reaction
Delayed Stress Reaction
Cumulative Stress Reaction
Causes of Stress
Signs and Symptoms of Stress
Dealing with Stress
Lifestyle Changes
Invisible Wounds—Preventing Psychological Trauma
Critical Incident Stress Management
Understanding Reactions to Death and Dying
Scene Safety
Hazardous Material Incidents
Terrorist Incidents
Rescue Operations
The Realities of Well-Being
Violence
Plan
Observe
React
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
3 Lifting and Moving Patients
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Protecting Yourself: Body Mechanics
Protecting Your Patient: Emergency, Urgent, and Nonurgent Moves
Emergency Moves
Urgent Moves
Nonurgent Moves
Patient-Carrying Devices
Wheeled Stretchers
Stair Chairs
Spine Board
Other Types of Stretchers
Moving Patients onto Carrying Devices
Patient With Suspected Spinal Injury
Patient With No Suspected Spinal Injury
Patient Positioning
Positioning for Shock
Transferring the Patient to a Hospital Stretcher
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
4 Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Scope of Practice
Patient Consent and Refusal
Consent
Expressed Consent
Children and Mentally Incompetent Adults
Implied Consent
Involuntary Transportation
When a Patient Refuses Care
Do Not Resuscitate Orders and Physician’s Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment
Other Legal Issues
Negligence
Duty to Act
Good Samaritan Laws
Confidentiality
Special Situations
Medical Identification Devices
Organ Donors
Safe Haven Laws
Crime Scenes
Special Reporting Requirements
Other Ethical Responsibilities
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
5 Medical Terminology
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Medical Terminology
The Components of Medical Terms
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Dissecting A Compound Word—Cholecystitis
When and When Not to Use Medical Terms
The Language of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomic Terms
Directional Terms
Positional Terms
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
6 Anatomy and Physiology
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concept
Outcomes
Key Terms
Locating Body Organs and Structures
Body Systems
Musculoskeletal System
Skull
Spinal Column
Thorax
Pelvis
Lower Extremities
Upper Extremities
Joints
Muscles
Respiratory System
Respiratory Anatomy
Respiratory Physiology
Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the Heart
Circulation of the Blood
Composition of the Blood
Pulse
Blood Pressure
Perfusion
Life Support Chain
Lymphatic System
Nervous System
Digestive System
Integumentary System
Endocrine System
Renal System
Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
7 Principles of Pathophysiology
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
The Cell
Water and the Cell
Glucose and the Cell
Oxygen and the Cell
The Vulnerability of Cells, Organs, and Organ Systems
The Regulation of Homeostasis
The Cardiopulmonary System
The Airway
The Lungs
Respiratory Dysfunction
Disruption of Respiratory Control.
Disruption of Pressure.
Disruption of Lung Tissue.
Respiratory Compensation
The Blood
Blood Dysfunction
The Blood Vessels
Blood Vessel Dysfunction
Loss of Tone.
Excessive Permeability.
Hypertension.
Loss of Regulation.
The Heart
Pediatric Compensation
Heart Dysfunction
The Cardiopulmonary System: Putting It All Together
Shock
Pathophysiology of Other Systems
Fluid Balance
Recognizing Compensation
Disruptions of Fluid Balance
Fluid Loss.
Poor Fluid Distribution.
The Nervous System
Nervous System Dysfunction
Trauma.
Medical Dysfunction.
The Endocrine System
Endocrine System Dysfunction
Too Many Hormones.
Not Enough Hormones.
Adrenal Insufficiency.
The Digestive System
Digestive Dysfunction
Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
Vomiting and Diarrhea.
The Immune System
Hypersensitivity (Allergic Reaction)
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
8 Life Span Development
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Infancy (Birth to 1 Year)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
Toddler Phase (12–36 Months)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
Preschool Age (3–5 Years)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
School Age (6–12 Years)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
Adolescence (13–18 Years)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
Early Adulthood (19–40 Years)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
Middle Adulthood (41–60 Years)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
Late Adulthood (61 Years and Older)
Physiologic Changes
Psychosocial Changes
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Section 2 Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation
9 Airway Management
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Airway Physiology
Pediatric Airway Physiology
Airway Pathophysiology
Sounds of a Partially Obstructed Airway
Opening the Airway
Head-Elevated, Sniffing Position
Providing an Airway: Manual Airway Maneuvers
Head-Tilt, Chin-Lift Maneuver
Jaw-Thrust Maneuver
Obstructed Airways
Conscious Choking Adults and Children
Conscious Choking Infants
Unconscious Choking
Airway Adjuncts
Rules for Using Airway Adjuncts
Oropharyngeal Airway
Oropharyngeal Airways in Pediatric Patients
Nasopharyngeal Airway
Pediatric Nasopharyngeal Airway
Supraglottic Airways
Recognizing the Need for an Advanced Airway
Supraglottic Insertion Procedures
Preparing the Patient
Preparing the Team
Preparing the Device
Suctioning
Using Gravity to Clear an Airway
Suctioning Devices
Mounted Suction Systems
Portable Suction Units
Tubing, Tips, and Catheters
Pediatric Suctioning
Techniques of Suctioning
Keeping an Airway Open: Definitive Care
Special Considerations
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
10 Respiration and Artificial Ventilation
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Physiology and Pathophysiology
Mechanics of Breathing
Physiology of Respiration
Pathophysiology of the Cardiopulmonary System
Respiration
Adequate and Inadequate Breathing
Inadequate Breathing
Respiratory Distress to Respiratory Failure
Positive Pressure Ventilation
Techniques of Artificial Ventilation
Face Mask Ventilation: Core Principles
Opening the Airway
Mask Seal
Optimizing Controllable Factors Prior to Positive Pressure Ventilation
Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation
Bag–Valve Mask
Two-Rescuer BVM Ventilation—No Trauma Suspected
Two-Rescuer BVM Ventilation—Spine Injury Suspected
One-Rescuer BVM Ventilation
Artificial Ventilation of a Stoma Breather
Ventilation Rates and Volume
Automatic Transport Ventilator
Oxygen Therapy
Importance of Supplemental Oxygen
Oxygen Therapy Equipment
Oxygen Cylinders
Pressure Regulators
Flowmeters
Low-Pressure Flowmeters
High-Pressure Flowmeters
Humidifiers
Hazards of Oxygen Therapy
Administering Oxygen
Supplemental Oxygen for Patients with Chest Pain? What is the Evidence?
Nonrebreather Mask
Nasal Cannula
Partial Rebreather Mask
Venturi Mask
Tracheostomy Mask
CPAP
Providing Pediatric Patients Supplemental Oxygen
Special Considerations
Assisting with Advanced Airway Devices
Preparing the Patient for Intubation
Ventilating the Intubated Patient
Assisting with a Trauma Intubation
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Section 3 Patient Assessment
11 Scene Size-Up
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Scene Size-Up
Scene Safety
Establishing the Danger Zone
Crime Scenes and Acts of Violence
Standard Precautions
Nature of the Call
Mechanism of Injury
Motor-Vehicle Collisions
Falls
Penetrating Trauma
Blunt-Force Trauma
Nature of the Illness
Number of Patients and Adequacy of Resources
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
12 Primary Assessment
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
The Primary Assessment
Approach to the Primary Assessment
Decision Making in the Primary Assessment
Performing the Primary Assessment
Form a General Impression
Beginning Spinal Motion Restriction
The “Look Test”
The Chief Complaint
Assess Mental Status
Assess the A-B-Cs
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Determine Priority
Patient Characteristics and Primary Assessment
General Impression
Mental Status, Airway, and Breathing
Circulation
Priority
General Impression
Mental Status
Airway and Breathing
Circulation
Priority
General Impression
Mental Status, Airway, and Breathing
Circulation
Priority
General Impression
Mental Status and Airway
Breathing and Circulation
Priority
Comparing the Primary Assessments
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
13 Vital Signs and Monitoring Devices
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Gathering the Vital Signs
Vital Signs
Pulse
Pulse Rate
Pulse Quality
Respiration
Respiratory Rate
Respiratory Quality
Respiratory Rhythm
Skin
Pupils
Blood Pressure
Determining Blood Pressure by Auscultation
Determining Blood Pressure by Palpation
Determining Blood Pressure by Blood Pressure Monitor
Temperature
Monitoring Devices
Oxygen Saturation
When to Use a Pulse Oximeter
Interpreting Pulse Oximeter Readings
Cautions:
Determining Oxygen Saturation
Blood Glucose Meters
Using a Blood Glucose Meter
Capnography
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
14 Principles of Assessment
Related Chapters
Standards
Competencies
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Principles of Assessment
The Patient History
History-Taking Techniques
The Physical Examination
Physical Examination Techniques
Pediatric Physical Exam
Body System Examinations
Respiratory System
Respiratory Assessment—History
Respiratory Assessment—Physical Examination
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Assessment—History
Cardiovascular Assessment—Physical Examination
Nervous System
Neurologic Assessment—History
Neurologic Assessment—Physical Examination
Endocrine System
Endocrine Assessment—History
Endocrine Assessment—Physical Examination
Gastrointestinal System
Gastrointestinal Assessment—History
Gastrointestinal Assessment—Physical Examination
Immune System
Immune System—Patient History
Immune System—Physical Examination
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal Assessment—History
Musculoskeletal Assessment—Physical Examination
Critical Thinking and Decision Making
EMT Diagnosis and Critical Thinking
How a Clinician Reaches a Diagnosis
The Traditional Approach to Diagnosis in Medicine
The Emergency Medicine Approach to Diagnosis
The EMS Approach to Diagnosis
Approach to Diagnosis in Medicine—Shortcuts and Biases
How an EMT Can Learn to Think Like an Experienced Physician
Chapter Review Critical Thinking and Decision Making
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
15 Secondary Assessment
Related Chapters
Standards
Competencies
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
The Secondary Assessment
Components of the Secondary Assessment
Secondary Assessment of the Medical Patient
Responsive Medical Patient
Obtain a Patient History
Tailoring the Physical Exam for Specific Chief Complaints
Perform a Physical Exam
Obtain Baseline Vital Signs
Administer Interventions and Transport the Patient
Unresponsive Medical Patient
Responsive
Unresponsive
Responsive
Unresponsive
Transport
Reassessment
Notify the Hospital
Perform a Rapid Physical Exam
Check for Medical ID Devices
Check Pupils
Obtain Baseline Vital Signs
Consider a Request for ALS Personnel
Obtain a Patient History
Administer Interventions and Transport the Patient
Mid-Chapter Review Secondary Assessment of the Medical Patient
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Secondary Assessment of the Trauma Patient
Trauma Patient with Minor Injury/Low Priority
Determine the Chief Complaint
Obtain a Patient History
Perform a Physical Exam
Rapidly Identify and Correct Life Threats
Obtain Baseline Vital Signs
Spinal Motion Restriction—Applying a Cervical Collar
Trauma Patient with Serious Injury or Multisystem Trauma/High Priority
Continue Spinal Precautions
Consider a Request for Advanced Life Support Personnel
Perform a Rapid Trauma Assessment
Rapid Assessment of the Head
Rapid Assessment of the Neck
Application of a Cervical Collar
Rapid Assessment of the Chest
Rapid Assessment of the Abdomen
Rapid Assessment of the Pelvis
Rapid Assessment of the Extremities
Rapid Assessment of the Posterior Body
Obtain Baseline Vital Signs and Past Medical History
Some General Principles
Pediatric Examination
Head
Nose and Ears
Neck
Airway.
Chest
Abdomen
Pelvis
Extremities
Detailed Physical Exam
Trauma Patient with a Significant Injury
Before Beginning the Detailed Physical Exam
Performing the Detailed Physical Exam
Trauma Patient Who Is Not Seriously Injured
Chapter Review Secondary Assessment of the Trauma Patient
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
16 Reassessment
Related Chapters
Standards
Competencies
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Reassessment
Components of Reassessment
Repeat the Primary Assessment
Reassess and Record Vital Signs
Repeat Pertinent Parts of the History and Physical Exam
Check Interventions
Observing Trends
Reassessment for Stable and Unstable Patients
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
17 Communication and Documentation
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Communications Systems and Radio Communication
Communications Systems
Radio Communication
Radio Transmissions throughout the Call
Radio Medical Reports
The Verbal Report
Interpersonal Communication
Team Communication
Therapeutic Communication
Prehospital Care Report
Functions of the Prehospital Care Report
Patient Care Record
Legal Document
Administrative Data
Education and Research
Quality Improvement
Completion of the Prehospital Care Report
Elements of the Prehospital Care Report
Data Elements
Run Data
Patient Information
Information Gathered During the Call
Narrative Sections
Special Documentation Issues
Legal Issues
Confidentiality
Patient Refusals
Falsification
Correction of Errors
Special Situations
Multiple-Casualty Incidents
Special Situation Reports
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Section 4 Medical Emergencies
18 General Pharmacology
Related Chapters
Standards
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Medications EMTs Can Administer
EMTs Assisting with Prescribed Medications
General Information about Medications
Drug Names
What You Need to Know When Giving a Medication
Medication Safety and Clinical Judgment
Medication Authorization
The Five Rights
Routes of Administration
Pharmacodynamic Considerations
Reassessment and Documentation
Medications Patients Often Take
Assisting with IV Therapy
Setting Up an IV Fluid Administration Set
Maintaining an IV
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
19 Respiratory Emergencies
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Respiration
Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology
The Pressures of the Respiratory System
Adequate Breathing
Inadequate Breathing
Adequate and Inadequate Artificial Ventilation
Breathing Difficulty
Pediatric Respiratory Distress
Decision Points
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Respiratory Conditions
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Asthma
Pulmonary Edema
Pneumonia
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Embolism
Epiglottitis
Croup
Bronchiolitis
Cystic Fibrosis
Viral Respiratory Infections
The Prescribed Inhaler
The Small-Volume Nebulizer
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
20 Cardiac Emergencies
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Cardiovascular Disorders
Coronary Artery Disease
Angina Pectoris
Assessing and Treating Angina Pectoris
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Assessment and Treatment of a Myocardial Infarction
Heart Failure and Acute Pulmonary Edema
Assessment and Treatment of Heart Failure
Aneurysm
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
21 Resuscitation
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
The Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrest
Mechanical Failure of the Heart
Electrical Dysfunction of the Heart
Sudden vs. Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest
Agonal Respirations
The Effects of Cardiac Arrest
Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Patient Assessment
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Syndrome (SUIDS)
Improving Cardiac Arrest Survival
Chain of Survival
Link One: Recognition and Activation of the Emergency Response System
Link Two: Immediate High-Quality CPR
Mechanical CPR Devices.
Using the LUCAS™ CPR Device.
Using the Zoll AutoPulse™.
Link Three: Rapid Defibrillation
Link Four: Basic and Advanced Life Support
Link Five: Advanced Life Support and Postarrest Care
Management of Cardiac Arrest
A Coordinated Resuscitation Team
The Steps of Resuscitation
Step 1: Identify Cardiac Arrest and Begin the Resuscitation
Step 2: Integrate the AED
Decision Points
Step 3: Continue the Resuscitation
Should the Family Watch the Resuscitation?
Step 4: Transitioning Resuscitation
Terminating Resuscitation
Death Notification
Special Considerations in Resuscitation
Coordination with Others Who Defibrillate Before You Arrive
Resuscitation in the Ambulance
Cardiac Arrest Care for Hypothermia and Submersion Injuries
Implants and Surgeries
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
22 Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Pathophysiology
Assessing the Patient with Altered Mental Status
Safety
Primary Assessment
Secondary Assessment
Diabetes
Glucose and the Digestive System
Insulin and the Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Emergencies
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Blood Glucose Meters
Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Compared
Other Causes of Altered Mental Status
Seizure Disorders
Causes of Seizures
Types of Seizures
Partial Seizures
Generalized Seizures
Pediatric Patients with Seizures
Stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack
Dizziness and Syncope
Causes of Dizziness and Syncope
Cardiovascular Causes
Hypovolemic Causes
Structural/Metabolic Causes
Environmental/Toxicologic Causes
Other Causes
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
23 Allergic Reaction
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Allergic Reactions
Distinguishing Anaphylaxis from Mild Allergic Reaction
Self-Administered Epinephrine
Additional Doses of Epinephrine
EMT-Administered Epinephrine
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
24 Infectious Diseases and Sepsis
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Infectious Diseases
How Diseases Spread
Sepsis
Pathophysiology
Common Causes
Selected Common Communicable Diseases
Chickenpox
Measles
Mumps
Hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Transmission, Incubation, and Communicability
Treatment and Prevention
Postexposure Actions
Special Considerations
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis B
Transmission, Incubation, and Communicability
Treatment and Prevention
Postexposure Actions
Special Considerations
Hepatitis C
Transmission, Incubation, and Communicability
Treatment and Prevention
Postexposure Actions
Special Considerations
HIV/AIDS
Influenza
Croup
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Meningitis
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Diseases Carried by Ticks
Emerging and Newly Recognized Infectious Diseases
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
25 Poisoning and Overdose Emergencies
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Poisoning
Ingested Poisons
Food Poisoning
Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal versus Syrup of Ipecac
Dilution
Antidotes
Acetaminophen Poisoning
Inhaled Poisons
Carbon Monoxide
Smoke Inhalation
“Detergent Suicides”
Absorbed Poisons
Injected Poisons
Poison Control Centers
Alcohol and Substance Abuse
Alcohol Abuse
Substance Abuse
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
26 Abdominal Emergencies
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Abdominal Anatomy and Physiology
Abdominal Pain or Discomfort
Abdominal Conditions
Appendicitis
Peritonitis
Cholecystitis/Gallstones
Pancreatitis
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Hernia
Renal Colic
Cardiac Involvement
Abdominal Pain Associated with the Female Reproductive System
Assessment and Care of Abdominal Pain or Discomfort
Scene Size-Up
Primary Assessment
History
History of the Present Illness
History Specific to Female Patients
Past Medical History
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent Past History
Last Oral Intake
Events Leading to the Emergency
Physical Examination of the Abdomen
Vital Signs
General Abdominal Distress
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
27 Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies and Suicide
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies
What Is a Behavioral Emergency?
Behavior and Brain Chemistry
Psychiatric Conditions
Physical Causes of Altered Mental Status
Situational Stress Reactions
Acute Psychosis
Emergency Care for Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies
Assessment and Care for Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies
Suicide
Aggressive or Hostile Patients
Reasonable Force and Restraint
Transport to an Appropriate Facility
Medical/Legal Considerations
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
28 Hematologic and Renal Emergencies
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
The Hematologic System
Blood Clotting
Coagulopathies
Identifying Patients with Coagulopathies
Anemia
Sickle Cell Disease
Manifestations and Pathophysiology
The Renal System
Diseases of the Renal System
Urinary Tract Infections
Kidney Stones
Patients with Urinary Catheters
Renal Failure
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Medical Emergencies with End-Stage Renal Disease
Complications of ESRD
Complications of Dialysis
Kidney Transplant Patients
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Section 5 Trauma
29 Bleeding and Shock
Related Chapters
Standards
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
The Circulatory System
Main Components
Shock
The Pathophysiology of Shock
Volume Problems
Pump Problems
Blood Vessel Tone Problems
Obstruction of Blood Flow
Fight or Flight
Compensation
Decompensation
Irreversible Shock and Death
Treating Shock
Bleeding
External Bleeding
Massive Hemorrhage
Other External Hemorrhage
Precautions with External Hemorrhage
Controlling External Bleeding
Strategies for External Bleeding Control
Direct Pressure
Wound Packing
Hemostatic Agents
Tourniquet
Junctional Tourniquets
Other Methods of Bleeding Control
Elevation
Splinting
Cold Application
Special Situations Involving Bleeding
Head Injury
Nosebleed
Internal Bleeding
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
30 Soft-Tissue Trauma
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Soft Tissues
Closed Wounds
Types of Closed Wounds
Contusions
Hematomas
Closed Crush Injuries
Emergency Care for Closed Wounds
Open Wounds
Types of Open Wounds
Abrasions
Lacerations
Penetrating Trauma and Punctures
Avulsions
Amputations
Open Crush Injuries
Bite Wounds
Blast Injuries
High-Pressure-Injection Injuries
Emergency Care for Open Wounds
Treating Specific Types of Open Wounds
Treating Abrasions and Lacerations
Treating Penetrating Trauma
Treating Impaled Objects
Object Impaled in the Cheek
Puncture Wound or Object Impaled in the Eye
Treating Avulsions
Treating Amputations
Treating Genital Injuries
Burns
Classifying Burns by Agent and Source
Classifying Burns by Depth
Determining the Severity of Burns
Classifying Burns by Severity
Treating Specific Types of Burns
Radiation Burns
Electrical Injuries
Dressing and Bandaging
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
31 Chest and Abdominal Trauma
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest and Abdomen
Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest
The Mechanism of Breathing
Anatomy and Physiology of the Abdomen
Pathophysiology of the Chest and Abdomen
Chest Injuries
Blunt Chest Injuries
Penetrating Chest Injuries
Occlusive and Flutter-Valve Dressings
Injuries within the Chest Cavity
Abdominal Injuries
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
32 Musculoskeletal Trauma
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Musculoskeletal System
Anatomy of Bone
Self-Healing Nature of Bone
Muscles, Cartilage, Ligaments, and Tendons
General Guidelines for Emergency Care
Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Injury
Injury to Bones and Connective Tissue
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Compartment Syndrome
Splinting
Realignment of the Deformed Extremity
Strategies for Splinting
Hazards of Splinting
Splinting Long-Bone and Joint Injuries
Traction Splint
Emergency Care of Specific Injuries
Upper-Extremity Injuries
Lower-Extremity Injuries
Pelvic Wrap
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
33 Trauma to the Head, Neck, and Spine
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Nervous and Skeletal Systems
Nervous System
Anatomy of the Head
Anatomy of the Spine
Injuries to the Skull and Brain
Scalp Injuries
Skull Injuries
Brain Injuries
Traumatic Brain Injuries
Concussion
Contusion
Laceration
Hematoma
Intracranial Pressure
Glasgow Coma Scale
Cranial Injuries with Impaled Objects
Injuries to the Face and Jaw
Nontraumatic Brain Injuries
Wounds to the Neck
Injuries to the Spine
Identifying Potential Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries
Mechanisms of Spine Injury
Physical Assessment for Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries
Relating Spinal Function to Injury
The Evolution of Spinal Care
Spinal Motion Restriction—The Cervical Spine
Spinal Motion Restriction Devices
Rigid Spine Board
Scoop Stretcher
Vacuum Mattresses
Spinal Motion Restriction Decision Making
Spinal Motion Restriction in a Seated Patient
Tips for Applying a Long Backboard
Spinal Motion Restriction—Standing Patient
Patient Found Wearing a Helmet
Chapter Review
Key Facts and Concepts
Key Decisions
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
34 Multisystem Trauma
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Multisystem Trauma
Determining Patient Severity
Determining Severity: Physiologic Criteria
Determining Severity: Anatomic Criteria
Determining Severity: Mechanism of Injury (MOI)
Determining Severity: Special Patients and Considerations
Pathology of Internal Injuries
Managing the Multisystem-Trauma Patient
A Typical Call
Analysis of the Call
General Principles of Multisystem-Trauma Management
Multiple Trauma in the Pediatric Patient
Trauma Scoring
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
35 Environmental Emergencies
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Exposure to Cold
How the Body Loses Heat
Generalized Hypothermia
Predisposing Factors
Obvious and Subtle Exposure
Passive and Active Rewarming
Extreme Hypothermia
Local Cold Injuries and Frostbite
Active Rapid Rewarming of Frozen Parts
Exposure to Heat
Effects of Heat on the Body
Patient with Moist, Pale, and Normal or Cool Skin (Heat Exhaustion)
Patient with Hot Skin, Whether Dry or Moist (Heat Stroke)
The Dangers of Extreme Body Temperatures
Water-Related Emergencies
Water-Related Accidents
Drowning
Rescue Breathing in or out of the Water
Care for Possible Spinal Injuries in the Water
Diving Accidents
Scuba-Diving Accidents
Water Rescues
Decision Point
Ice Rescues
High-Altitude Emergencies
High-Altitude Illness
Bites and Stings
Insect Bites and Stings
Snakebites
Poisoning from Marine Life
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Section 6 Special Populations
36 Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Anatomy and Physiology
External Genitalia
Internal Genitalia
The Vagina
The Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
The Uterus
The Female Reproductive Cycle
Fertilization
Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
Changes in the Reproductive System
Other Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy
Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
Labor and Delivery
The Stages of Labor
First Stage
Normal Childbirth
Role of the EMT
Preparing the Mother for Delivery
Preparing the Obstetrics (OB) Kit
Assisting the Delivery
Ongoing Assessment and Care of the Mother
The Neonate
Assessing the Neonate
Caring for the Neonate
Keeping the Baby Warm
Cutting the Umbilical Cord
Neonatal Resuscitation
Care after Delivery
Caring for the Mother
Delivering the Placenta
Controlling Vaginal Bleeding after Birth
Providing Comfort to the Mother
Childbirth Complications
Complications of Delivery
Breech Presentation
Limb Presentation
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Multiple Birth
Premature Birth
Meconium
Emergencies in Pregnancy
Excessive Prebirth Bleeding
Ectopic Pregnancy
Seizures in Pregnancy
Miscarriage and Abortion
Trauma in Pregnancy
Stillbirths
Cardiac Arrest in the Pregnant Patient
Gynecologic Emergencies
Vaginal Bleeding
Trauma to the External Genitalia
Sexual Assault
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
37 Emergencies for Patients with Special Challenges
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Patients with Special Challenges
Disability
Terminal Illness
Obesity
Homelessness and Poverty
Approaches to Care of Patients with Special Needs
Autism
Awareness
Basic
Calm
Safety
Infants and Children with Medical Challenges
General Considerations in Responding to Patients with Special Challenges
Advanced Medical Devices in the Home
Variety of Health Care Settings
Knowledgeable Caregivers
A Knowledgeable Patient
Following Protocols
Establishing the Baseline
Don’t Forget the Routine Care
Diseases and Conditions
Advanced Medical Devices
Respiratory Devices
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Devices (NIPPV)
EMT Assessment and Transport
Tracheostomy Tubes
EMT Assessment and Transport
Home Ventilators
EMT Assessment and Transport
Cardiac Devices
Implanted Pacemakers and Cardiac Defibrillators
Abuse and Neglect
Child Abuse and Neglect
Physical and Sexual Abuse
Elder Abuse and Neglect
Adult Abuse
Role of the EMT in Cases of Suspected Abuse or Neglect
Intimate Partner Violence
Human Trafficking
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Section 7 Operations
38 EMS Operations
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Preparing for the Ambulance Call
Ambulance Supplies and Equipment
Ensuring Ambulance Readiness for Service
Ambulance Inspection, Engine Off
Ambulance Inspection, Engine On
Inspection of Patient Compartment Supplies and Equipment
Receiving and Responding to a Call
Role of the Emergency Medical Dispatcher
Operating the Ambulance
Being a Safe Ambulance Operator
Understanding the Law
Using the Warning Devices
The Siren
The Horn
Visual Warning Devices
Speed and Safety
Escorted or Multiple-Vehicle Responses
Factors That Affect Response
Getting There: Navigating to the Scene
Response Safety Summary
Safety at Highway Incidents
Keep Unnecessary Units and People off the Highway
Avoid Crossovers Unless a Turn Can Be Completed without Obstructing Traffic
Protect the Scene if Yours Is the First Unit On Scene
Wear Your PPE
Place Cones/Flares and Reduce Emergency Lighting
Unit Placement Is Important!
Backing Up
Transferring the Patient to the Ambulance
Transporting the Patient to the Hospital
Preparing the Patient for Transport
Caring for the Patient en Route
Transferring the Patient to the Emergency Department Staff
Terminating the Call
At the Hospital
En Route to Quarters
In Quarters
Air Rescue
When to Call for Air Rescue
How to Call for Air Rescue
How to Set up a Landing Zone
How to Approach a Helicopter
Chapter Review
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
39 Hazardous Materials, Multiple-Casualty Incidents, and Incident Management
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Hazardous Materials
Training Required by Law
Responsibilities of the EMT
Recognize a HAZMAT Incident
Control the Scene
Identify the Substance
Establish a Treatment Area
Rehabilitation Operations
Care of Injured and Contaminated Patients
Phases of Decontamination
Mechanisms for Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
Decontamination for Patients Wearing PPE
Decontamination for Patients Not Wearing PPE
Multiple-Casualty Incidents
Multiple-Casualty Incident Operations
Incident Command System
Command
Command Functions
Scene Size-Up
Communications
Organization
Scene Management
Psychological Aspects of MCIs
EMS Branch Functions
Triage
Primary Triage
START
Assess Respiration (Breathing Status) First
Assess Radial Pulse Second
Assess Level of Consciousness (Mental Status) Third
Now Retriage the Priority 3 “Walking Wounded” Patients
A START Summary
Patient Identification
SALT
Sort
Assessment and Lifesaving Interventions
Treatment/Transport
SALT and MUCC Triage Criteria
Secondary Triage and Treatment
Transportation and Staging Logistics
Communicating with Hospitals
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
40 Highway Safety and Vehicle Extrication
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Highway Emergency Operations
Initial Response
Positioning Blocking Apparatus
Exiting the Vehicle Safely
Being Seen and Warning Oncoming Traffic
Night Operations
Vehicle Extrication
Preparing for Rescue
Sizing Up the Situation
Recognizing and Managing Hazards
Protective Gear for EMS Responders
Working in Traffic
During Extrication Operations
Matching the Level Others Are Wearing
Helmets
Eye Protection
Hand Protection
Body Protection
Safeguarding Your Patient
Managing Traffic
Using Flares for Traffic Control
Supplemental Restraint Systems: Airbags
Energy-Absorbing Bumpers
Spectators
Electrical Hazards
Broken Utility Pole with Wires Down
Broken Utility Pole with Wires Intact
Damaged Pad-Mounted Transformer
Vehicle Fires
Fire in the Engine Compartment
Fire in the Passenger Compartment or Trunk
Fire under the Vehicle
Truck Fires
Disabling a Vehicle’s Electrical System
Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
Stabilizing a Vehicle
Vehicle on Its Wheels
Vehicle on Its Side
Vehicle on Its Roof
Gaining Access
Simple Access
Complex Access
Disentanglement: A Three-Part Action Plan
Steps One and Two: Gain Access by Disposing of Doors and the Roof
Step Three: Disentangle Occupants by Displacing the Front End
Chapter Review
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
41 EMS Response to Terrorism
Related Chapters
Standard
Competency
Core Concepts
Outcomes
Key Terms
Defining Terrorism
Domestic Terrorism
International Terrorism
Types of Terrorism Incidents
Terrorism and EMS
Emergency Medical Responders as Targets
Identify the Threat Posed by the Event
Occupancy or Location
Type of Event
Timing of the Event
On-Scene Warning Signs
Recognize the Harms Posed by the Threat
Time/Distance/Shielding
Responses to Terrorist Incidents
Responses to a Chemical Incident
Types of Harm from Chemical Incidents
Self-Protection Measures at a Chemical Incident
Responses to a Biologic Incident
Critical Information about Biologic Incidents
What Is an Exposure?
Four Major Routes of Entry
What Is Contamination?
Exposure versus Contamination
Types of Harm from Biologic Incidents
Self-Protection Measures at a Biologic Incident
Responses to a Radiologic/Nuclear Incident
Types of Harm from Radiologic/Nuclear Incidents
Self-Protection Measures at a Radiologic/Nuclear Incident
Responses to an Explosive Incident
Types of Harm from Explosive Incidents
Self-Protection Measures at an Explosive Incident
Dissemination and Weaponization
The Respiratory Route
Other Routes
Weaponization
Characteristics of CBRNE Agents
Chemical Agents
Chemical Agent Considerations
Physical Considerations
Volatility Considerations
Chemical Considerations
Toxicologic Considerations
SLUDGEM
Classifications of Chemical Agents
Biologic Agents
Biologic Agent Considerations
Bacteria
Anthrax
Cholera
Plague
Q Fever
Tularemia
Toxins
Botulinum
Ricin
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)
Trichothecene Mycotoxins (T2)
Viruses
Smallpox
Encephalitis
The Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs)
Radioactive/Nuclear Devices
Potential Scenarios
Military Nuclear Devices
Improvised Nuclear Devices
Radiologic Dispersal Device (RDD) or “Dirty Bomb.”
Sabotage
Effects of Radiation
Incendiary Devices
Blast Injury Patterns
Lung Injury
Ear Injury
Abdominal Injury
Brain Injury
Treatment for Blast Injuries
Strategy and Tactics
Isolation
Initial Considerations
Establishing Perimeter Control
Perimeter Control Factors
Notification
Identification
Protection
Decontamination
Self-Protection at a Terrorist Incident
Protect Yourself First
How to Protect Yourself
Recognize a Possible Terrorist Event
Don’t Rush In!
Understand the TRACEM-P Harms
Time, Distance, and Shielding
At a Chemical Incident
At a Biologic Incident
At a Radiologic/Nuclear Incident
At an Explosive Incident
Resources
Future Trends
Chapter Review
Chapter Glossary
Preparation for Your Examination and Practice
Short Answer
Thinking and Linking
Critical Thinking Exercises
Appendix A Basic Cardiac Life Support Review
Before Beginning Resuscitation
Assessing the Patient
Determining Unresponsiveness
Determining Breathlessness
Determining Pulselessness
Assessing in A-B-C or C-A-B Sequence
Activating EMS
Positioning the Patient
Opening the Airway
Head-Tilt, Chin-Lift Maneuver
Jaw-Thrust Maneuver
Initial Ventilations and Pulse Check
Rescue Breathing
Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation
Gastric Distention
Recovery Position
CPR
Checking for Circulation
How to Perform CPR
Providing Chest Compressions
Providing Ventilations
One-Rescuer and Two-Rescuer CPR
CPR Techniques for Children and Infants
Special Considerations in CPR
How to Know if CPR Is Effective
Interrupting CPR
When Not to Begin or to Terminate CPR
The Trained Health Care Provider versus the Lay Provider
Clearing Airway Obstructions
Mild Airway Obstruction
Severe Airway Obstruction
Abdominal Thrusts
Chest Thrusts
Airway Clearance Sequences
Procedures for a Child or Infant
Applying ECG Electrodes
Post–Cardiac Arrest Care
Medical Terms
Anatomy and Physiology Illustrations
Answer Key
Chapter 1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Services
Think Like an EMT—A Key Concept
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 2 Well-Being of the EMT
Think Like an EMT—Standard Precautions
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 3 Lifting and Moving Patients
Think Like an EMT—Choosing a Patient-Carrying Device
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 4 Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues
Think Like an EMT—Ethical Dilemmas
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 5 Medical Terminology
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology
Think Like an EMT—Identifying Possible Areas of Injury
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 7 Principles of Pathophysiology
Think Like an EMT—Why is Her Heart Beating Rapidly?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 8 Lifespan Development
Think Like an EMT—Determining if Vital Signs Are Normal
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 9 Airway Management
Think Like an EMT—Will the Airway Stay Open?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 10 Respiration and Artificial Ventilation
Think Like an EMT—Oxygen or Ventilation?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 11 Scene Size-Up
Think Like an EMT—Should I or Shouldn’t I?
Think Like an EMT—Determining Areas of Concern at the Scene
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 12 Primary Assessment
Think Like an EMT—Determining Priority
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 13 Vital Signs and Monitoring Devices
Think Like an EMT—Solving Assessment Problems
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 14 Principles of Assessment
Think Like an EMT—Critical Thinking and Decision Making
Short Answers
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 15 Secondary Assessment
Think Like an EMT—Challenges in History Gathering
Mid-Chapter Review Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Think Like an EMT—Rapid Trauma or Focused Exam?
Chapter Review: Secondary Assessment of the Trauma Patient Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 16 Reassessment
Think Like an EMT—Trending Vital Signs
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 17 Communication and Documentation
Think Like an EMT—Communication Challenges
Think Like an EMT—Choosing How and What to Document
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 18 General Pharmacology
Think Like an EMT—We Are Really Close to the Hospital. Should I Give Aspirin?
Think Like an EMT—ALS Is on the Way. Should I Assist the Patient with Her Inhaler?
Think Like an EMT—How or Whether to Assist with Medications
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 19 Respiratory Emergencies
Think Like an EMT—Administering a Prescribed Inhaler
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 20 Cardiac Emergencies
Think Like an EMT—Meeting Sublingual Nitroglycerin Criteria
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 21 Resuscitation
Think Like an EMT—Is Your Patient Really in Cardiac Arrest?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 22 Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status
Think Like an EMT—The Sweet Taste of Success
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 23 Allergic Reactions
Think Like an EMT—Allergic Reaction or Anaphylaxis?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 24 Infectious Diseases and Sepsis
Think Like an EMT—What’s Going On?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 25 Poisoning and Overdose Emergencies
Think Like an EMT—Administer Naloxone?
Think Like an EMT—Find the Clues
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 26 Abdominal Emergencies
Think Like an EMT—Assessing a Patient with Abdominal Pain
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 27 Behavioral and Psychiatric Emergencies and Suicide
Think Like an EMT—Psych Condition or Hidden Medical Condition?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 28 Hematologic and Renal Emergencies
Think Like an EMT—Should You Request Advanced Life Support?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 29 Bleeding and Shock
Think Like an EMT—No Pressure, No Problem
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 30 Soft Tissue Trauma
Think Like an EMT—Burns By the Numbers
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 31 Chest and Abdominal Trauma
Think Like an EMT—What’s the Likely Cause?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 32 Musculoskeletal Trauma
Think Like an EMT—Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones, but Trauma Centers Save Me
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 33 Trauma to the Head, Neck, and Spine
Think Like an EMT—More than a Pain in the Neck
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 34 Multisystem Trauma
Think Like an EMT—Determining Criticality
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 35 Environmental Emergencies
Think Like an EMT—Safety First
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 36 Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies
Think Like an EMT—My Baby Won’t Wait!
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 37 Emergencies for Patients with Special Challenges
Think Like an EMT—EMTs Need to Know
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Pathophysiology to Practice
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 38 EMS Operations
Think Like an EMT—Arriving Safely
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 39 Hazardous Materials, Multiple-Casualty Incidents, and Incident Management
Think Like an EMT—We Have How Many Patients?
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 40 Highway Safety and Vehicle Extrication
Think Like an EMT—When Minutes Count, Decisions Matter
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions
Chapter 41 EMS Response to Terrorism
Think Like an EMT—It Could Happen to You . . .
Short Answer
Critical Thinking Exercises
Street Scene Questions (#1)
Street Scene Questions (#2)
Glossary
Index

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