The Norton Introduction to Literature Shorter 14th Edition by Kelly J. Mays, ISBN-13: 978-0393886306

Cover
Publisher’s Notice
Title Page
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Contents by Topic
Preface
Introduction
What Is Literature?
What Does Literature Do?
JOHN KEATS, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer
What Are the Genres of Literature?
Why Read Literature?
Why Study Literature?
HAI-DANG PHAN, My Father’s “Norton Introduction to Literature,” Third Edition (1981)
Authors on Their Work: Hai-Dang Phan
JOHN CROWE RANSOM, Bells for John Whiteside’s Daughter
Part One: Fiction
Chapter 1: Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing
Telling Stories: Interpretation
Reading and Responding to Fiction
LINDA BREWER: 20/20
SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Notes on “20/20”
Reading and Responding to Graphic Fiction
JULES FEIFFER, Superman
Key Concepts
Fiction and Nonfiction
Writing About Fiction
ISABEL ALLENDE, And of Clay Are We Created
Authors on Their Work: Isabel Allende
SAMPLE WRITING: Reading Notes on “And of Clay Are We Created”
SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on “And of Clay Are We Created”
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “And of Clay Are We Created”
Telling Stories: An Album
ANTON CHEKHOV, Gooseberries
TIM O’BRIEN, The Lives of the Dead
LOUISE ERDRICH, The Plague of Doves
Suggestions for Writing
Understanding the Text
Chapter 2: Plot
Plot versus Action, Sequence, and Subplot
Pace
Conflicts
JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMM, The Shroud
The Five Parts of Plot
Common Plot Types
RALPH ELLISON, King of the Bingo Game
JOYCE CAROL OATES, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Authors on Their Work: Joyce Carol Oates
VIET THANH NGUYEN, I’d Love You to Want Me
ADAM JOHNSON, Interesting Facts
Suggestions for Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “King of the Bingo Game”
Initiation Stories: An Album
WILLIAM FAULKNER, Barn Burning
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson
Authors on Their Work: Toni Cade Bambara
ALICE MUNRO, Boys and Girls
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 3: Narration and Point of View
Types of Narration
Tense
Narrator versus Implied Author
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Black Cat
GEORGE SAUNDERS, Puppy
Authors on Their Work: George Saunders
VIRGINIA WOOLF, The Mark on the Wall
JAMIL JAN KOCHAI, Playing Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain
Authors on Their Work: Jamil Jan Kochai
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 4: Character
Heroes and Villains versus Protagonists and Antagonists
Major versus Minor Characters
Flat versus Round and Static versus Dynamic Characters
Stock Characters and Archetypes
Reading Character in Fiction and Life
TONI MORRISON, Recitatif
Authors on Their Work: Toni Morrison
DAVID FOSTER WALLACE, Good People
ALISSA NUTTING, Model’s Assistant
CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE, Apollo
Suggestions for Writing
Monsters: An Album
MARGARET ATWOOD, Lusus Naturae
KAREN RUSSELL, St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves
JORGE LUIS BORGES, The House of Asterion
Authors on Their Work: Jorge Luis Borges
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 5: Setting
Temporal and Physical, General and Particular Setting
Functions of Setting
Vague and Vivid Settings
ITALO CALVINO, From Invisible Cities
Traditional Expectations of Time and Place
JAMES JOYCE, Araby
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Volar
ANNIE PROULX, Job History
YIYUN LI, A Flawless Silence
Suggestions for Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Close Reading in “Araby”
The Future: An Album
WILLIAM GIBSON, The Gernsback Continuum
Authors on Their Work: William Gibson
RAY BRADBURY, The Veldt
Authors on Their Work: Ray Bradbury
OCTAVIA E. BUTLER, Bloodchild
Authors on Their Work: Octavia E. Butler
ZADIE SMITH, Meet the President!
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 6: Symbolism and Figurative Language
Literary Symbolism
Figures of Speech
Interpreting Symbolism and Figurative Language
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, The Birth-Mark
A. S. BYATT, The Thing in the Forest
EDWIDGE DANTICAT, A Wall of Fire Rising
HARUKI MURAKAMI, Barn Burning
Suggestions for Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Comparative Essay on “The Birth-Mark” and “The Thing in the Forest”
Chapter 7: Theme
AESOP, The Two Crabs
Theme(s): Singular or Plural?
Be Specific: Theme as Idea versus Topic or Subject
Don’t Be Too Specific: Theme as General Idea
Theme versus Moral
GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children
YASUNARI KAWABATA, The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket
JUNOT DÍAZ, Wildwood
Suggestions for Writing
Cross-Cultural Encounters: An Album
BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief
Authors on Their Work: Bharati Mukherjee
JHUMPA LAHIRI, Interpreter of Maladies
Authors on Their Work: Jhumpa Lahiri
SANDRA CISNEROS, Mericans
Authors on Their Work: Sandra Cisneros
DAVID SEDARIS, Jesus Shaves
Suggestions for Writing
Exploring Contexts
Chapter 8: The Author’s Work as Context: Flannery O’Connor
Biographical Approaches to Literature
Implied Author or Narrator
Style and Tone
Three Stories by Flannery O’Connor
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Good Country People
Everything That Rises Must Converge
Passages from Flannery O’Connor’s Essays and Letters
Essays
Letters
Chronology
Critical Excerpts
MARY GORDON, From Flannery’s Kiss (2004)
ANN E. REUMAN, From Revolting Fictions: Flannery O’Connor’s Letter to Her Mother (1993)
EILEEN POLLACK, From Flannery O’Connor and the New Criticism: A Response to MARK MCGURL (2007)
Suggestions for Writing
Louise Erdrich: An Album
Love Medicine
The Years of My Birth
Chronology
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 9: Cultural and Historical Contexts: Women in Turn-of-the-Century America
Women at the Turn of the Century: An Overview
Women Writers in a Changing World
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper
SUSAN GLASPELL, A Jury of Her Peers
Chronology
Contextual Excerpts
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, From Similar Cases (1893)
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, From Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution (1898)
BARBARA BOYD, From Heart and Home Talks: Politics and Milk (1911)
MRS. ARTHUR LYTTELTON, From Women and Their Work (1901)
RHETA CHILDE DORR, From What Eight Million Women Want (1910)
THE NEW YORK TIMES, From Mrs. Delong Acquitted. She Killed Her Husband, But the Jury Has Set Her Free (1 Dec. 1892)
The Washington Post, From The Chances of Divorce (28 Nov. 1909)
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, From Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper (1913)
The Washington Post, From The Rest Cure (4 Aug. 1902)
The Washington Post, From Egotism of the Rest Cure (10 Sept. 1905)
Suggestions for Further Reading
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 10: Critical Contexts: Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”
TIM O’BRIEN, The Things They Carried
Critical Excerpts
STEVEN KAPLAN, From The Undying Uncertainty of the Narrator in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried (1993)
LORRIE N. SMITH, From “The Things Men Do”: The Gendered Subtext in Tim O’Brien’s Esquire Stories (1994)
SUSAN FARRELL, From Tim O’Brien and Gender: A Defense of The Things They Carried
Suggestions for Writing
Reading More Fiction
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny’s Blues
RAYMOND CARVER, Cathedral
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants
FRANZ KAFKA, A Hunger Artist
JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl
BOBBIE ANN MASON, Shiloh
GUY DE MAUPASSANT, The Jewelry
AMY TAN, A Pair of Tickets
EUDORA WELTY, Why I Live at the P.O.
Part Two: Poetry
Chapter 11: Poetry: Reading, Responding, Writing
Defining Poetry
LYDIA DAVIS, Head, Heart
Authors on Their Work: Billy Collins
The Prose Poem
CAMPBELL McGRATH, Section XI: My Library from Sleepwork
ADA LIMÓN, Sacred Objects
Poetic Subgenres and Kinds
Narrative Poetry
EAVAN BOLAND, Quarantine
Authors on Their Work: Eavan Boland
Dramatic Poetry
THOMAS HARDY, The Ruined Maid
Lyric Poetry
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, I wandered lonely as a cloud
ELISA GONZALEZ, In Quarantine, I Reflect on the Death of Ophelia
PHILLIS WHEATLEY, On Being Brought from Africa to America
Descriptive or Observational Lyrics
EMILY DICKINSON, The Sky is low—the Clouds are mean
BILLY COLLINS, Divorce
The Dramatic Monologue
BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN, Nebraska
ROBERT HAYDEN, A Letter from Phillis Wheatley
Responding to Poetry
APHRA BEHN, On Her Loving Two Equally
Writing about Poetry
Sample Writing: Response Paper
Sample Writing: Essay
The Art of (Reading) Poetry, An Album
HOWARD NEMEROV, Because You Asked about the Line between Prose and Poetry
ARCHIBALD MACLEISH, Ars Poetica
ELIZABETH ALEXANDER, Ars Poetica #100: I Believe
MARIANNE MOORE, Poetry
JULIA ALVAREZ, “Poetry Makes Nothing Happen”?
BILLY COLLINS, Introduction to Poetry
OCTAVIO PAZ, Proem
Suggestions for Writing
Understanding the Text
Chapter 12: Speaker: Whose Voice Do We Hear?
Narrative Poems and Their Speakers
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane
Speakers in the Dramatic Monologue
A. E. STALLINGS, Hades Welcomes His Bride
The Lyric and Its Speaker
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, the mother
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, She dwelt among the untrodden ways
Poems for Further Study
WALT WHITMAN, I celebrate myself, and sing myself
PHILIP SCHULTZ, Googling Ourselves
E. E. CUMMINGS, “next to of course god america i
LUCILLE CLIFTON, cream of wheat
LORNA DEE CERVANTES, Beneath the Shadow of the Freeway
Suggestions for Writing
Exploring Gender: An Album
RICHARD LOVELACE, Song: To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
LADY MARY CHUDLEIGH, To the Ladies
WILFRED OWEN, Disabled
ALICE DUNBAR-NELSON, I Sit and Sew
ELIZABETH BISHOP, Exchanging Hats
DAVID WAGONER, My Father’s Garden
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, The Changeling
MARIE HOWE, Practicing
Authors on Their Work: Marie Howe
BOB HICOK, O my pa-pa
TERRANCE HAYES, Mr. T—
STACEY WAITE, The Kind of Man I Am at the DMV
SAEED JONES, Boy in a Stolen Evening Gown
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 13: Situation and Setting: What Happens? Where? When?
Situation
RITA DOVE, Daystar
DENISE DUHAMEL, Humanity 101
TRACY K. SMITH, Sci-Fi
Setting
MATTHEW ARNOLD, Dover Beach
One Poem, Multiple Situations and Settings
LI-YOUNG LEE, Persimmons
One Situation and Setting, Multiple Poems
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
SIR WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
The Occasional Poem
RICHARD BLANCO, One Today
The Carpe Diem Poem
JOHN DONNE, The Flea
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress
The Aubade
JOHN DONNE, The Sun Rising
JAMES RICHARDSON, Late Aubade
Poems for Further Study
TERRANCE HAYES, Carp Poem
NATASHA TRETHEWEY, Pilgrimage
MAHMOUD DARWISH, Identity Card
YEHUDA AMICHAI, On Yom Kippur in 1967…
HAI-DANG PHAN, Osprey
Suggestions for Writing
Homelands, An Album
MAYA ANGELOU, Africa
Authors on Their Work: Maya Angelou
DEREK WALCOTT, A Far Cry from Africa
Authors on Their Work: Derek Walcott
CLAUDE McKAY, The Tropics in New York
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica
MARTÍN ESPADA, Coca-Cola and Coco Frío
CATHY SONG, Heaven
AGHA SHAHID ALI, Postcard from Kashmir
ADRIENNE SU, Escape from the Old Country
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 14: Theme and Tone
Tone
LORNA DEE CERVANTES, Freeway 280
Theme
MAXINE KUMIN, Woodchucks
ADRIENNE RICH, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
Authors on Their Work: Adrienne Rich
Theme and Conflict
ADRIENNE SU, On Writing
Authors on Their Work: Adrienne Su
Poems for Further Study
ANNA LAETITIA BARBAULD, The Mouse’s Petition
ROBERT BURNS, To a Mouse
FRANK O’HARA, Poem
MAYA ANGELOU, Still I Rise
Suggestions for Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on “The Mouse’s Petition”
Family: An Album
SIMON J. ORTIZ, My Father’s Song
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays
ELLEN BRYANT VOIGT, My Mother
MARTÍN ESPADA, Of the Threads That Connect the Stars
EMILY GROSHOLZ, Eden
PHILIP LARKIN, This Be the Verse
Authors on Their Work: Philip Larkin
JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA, Green Chile
PAUL MARTÍNEZ POMPA, The Abuelita Poem
ANDREW HUDGINS, Begotten
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 15: Language: Word Choice and Order
Precision and Ambiguity
SARAH CLEGHORN, The golf links lie so near the mill
LI-YOUNG LEE, Leaving
Denotation and Connotation
WALTER DE LA MARE, Slim Cunning Hands
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa’s Waltz
Word Order and Placement
SHARON OLDS, Sex without Love
Authors on Their Work: Sharon Olds
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM BLAKE, London
ROBERT FROST, “Out, Out—”
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Pied Beauty
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Red Wheelbarrow
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, This Is Just to Say
Authors on Their Work: William Carlos Williams
KAY RYAN, Blandeur
MARTHA COLLINS, The Irish were not, the Germans
RICHARD BLANCO, My Father in English
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 16: Visual Imagery and Figures of Speech
DAVID BOTTOMS, Hubert Blankenship
CLAUDE McKAY, The Harlem Dancer
ADA LIMÓN, Dandelion Insomnia
Simile and Analogy
TODD BOSS, My Love for You Is So Embarrassingly
Metaphor
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, That time of year thou mayst in me behold
LIZ BERRY, The Republic of Motherhood
Authors on Their Work: Liz Berry
Personification
EMILY DICKINSON, Because I could not stop for Death—
Metonymy and Synecdoche
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, London, 1802
TRACY K. SMITH, Ash
EMMA BOLDEN, House Is an Enigma
Authors on Their Work: Tracy K. Smith
Allusion
AMIT MAJMUDAR, Dothead
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
ANONYMOUS, The Twenty-Third Psalm
JOHN DONNE, Batter my heart, three-personed God
RANDALL JARRELL, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
NATALIE DIAZ, When the Beloved Asks, “What Would You Do If You Woke Up and I Was a Shark?”
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 17: Symbol
The Invented Symbol
JAMES DICKEY, The Leap
The Traditional Symbol
EDMUND WALLER, Song
DOROTHY PARKER, One Perfect Rose
The Symbolic Poem
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Sick Rose
Poems for Further Study
JOHN KEATS, Ode to a Nightingale
ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, Sympathy
HOWARD NEMEROV, The Vacuum
ADRIENNE RICH, Diving into the Wreck
ADA LIMÓN, The Leash
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 18: The Sounds of Poetry
Rhyme
Other Sound Devices
ALEXANDER POPE, From The Rape of the Lock
Sound Poems
HELEN CHASIN, The Word Plum
ALEXANDER POPE, Sound and Sense
Poetic Meter
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Metrical Feet
ANONYMOUS, There was a young girl from St. Paul
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, From The Charge of the Light Brigade
JANE TAYLOR, The Star
PHILLIS WHEATLEY, An Hymn to the Evening
JESSIE POPE, The Call
WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, The Windhover
AMIT MAJMUDAR, Ode to a Drone
WALT WHITMAN, A Noiseless Patient Spider
RITA DOVE, Pedestrian Crossing, Charlottesville
Suggestions for Writing
Words and Music: An Album
THOMAS CAMPION, When to her lute Corinna sings
ANONYMOUS, Sir Patrick Spens
DUDLEY RANDALL, Ballad of Birmingham
AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE TOPLADY, A Prayer, Living and Dying
ROBERT HAYDEN, Homage to the Empress of the Blues
BOB DYLAN, The Times They Are A-Changin’
MOS DEF, Hip Hop
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 19: Internal Structure
Dividing Poems Into “Parts”
PAT MORA, Sonrisas
Internal versus External or Formal “Parts”
GALWAY KINNELL, Blackberry Eating
Lyrics as Internal Dramas
SEAMUS HEANEY, Punishment
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Frost at Midnight
SHARON OLDS, The Victims
Making Arguments About Structure
Poems Without “Parts”
WALT WHITMAN, I Hear America Singing
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Th’ expense of spirit in a waste of shame
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ode to the West Wind
PHILIP LARKIN, Church Going
Authors on Their Work: Philip Larkin
KEVIN YOUNG, Greening
Suggestions for Writing
Sample Writing: Essay in Progress on “Church Going”
Chapter 20: External Form
Stanzas
Traditional Stanza Forms
ROBERT FROST, Acquainted with the Night
Traditional Verse Forms
Fixed Forms or Form-Based Subgenres
Traditional Forms: Poems for Further Study
DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
NATASHA TRETHEWEY, Myth
ELIZABETH BISHOP, Sestina
A. E. STALLINGS, Sestina: Like
NATALIE DIAZ, Abecedarian Requiring Further Examination of Anglikan Seraphym Subjugation of a Wild Indian Rezervation
EVIE SHOCKLEY, acrobatic
The Way a Poem Looks
E. E. CUMMINGS, l(a
E. E. CUMMINGS, in Just-
Concrete Poetry
GEORGE HERBERT, Easter Wings
JUSTIN PHILLIP REED, Portrait with Stiff Upper Lip
Suggestions for Writing
The Sonnet: An Album
FRANCESCO PETRARCH, Upon the breeze she spread her golden hair
HENRY CONSTABLE, My lady’s presence makes the roses red
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Not marble, nor the gilded monuments
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Let me not to the marriage of true minds
JOHN MILTON, When I consider how my light is spent
SOR JUANA INÉS DE LA CRUZ, O rose divine, in gentle cultivation
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, Nuns fret not at their convent’s narrow room
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The world is too much with us
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, How do I love thee? Let me count the ways
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, In an Artist’s Studio
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, Women have loved before as I love now
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, I, being born a woman and distressed
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, I will put Chaos into fourteen lines
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, First Fight. Then Fiddle.
GWEN HARWOOD, In the Park
JUNE JORDAN, Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Miracle Wheatley
BILLY COLLINS, Sonnet
HARRYETTE MULLEN, Dim Lady
Suggestions for Writing
Haiku: An Album
Traditional Japanese Haiku
CHIYOJO, Whether astringent
BASHŌ, A village without bells—
BASHŌ, This road—
BUSON, Coolness—
BUSON, Listening to the moon;
One Haiku, Four Translations
LAFCADIO HEARN, Old pond—
CLARA A. WALSH, An old-time pond
EARL MINER, The still old pond
ALLEN GINSBERG, The old pond
Modern Haiku
EZRA POUND, In a Station of the Metro
ALLEN GINSBERG, Looking over my shoulder
RICHARD WRIGHT, In the falling snow
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Eastern guard tower
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, The falling snow flakes
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Making jazz swing in
Authors on Their Work: Etheridge Knight (1931–91)
OCTAVIO PAZ, Basho An
SONIA SANCHEZ, From 9 Haiku (for Freedom’s Sisters)
SUE STANDING, Diamond Haiku
TWAIKU
Suggestions for Writing
The Golden Shovel: An Album
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool
Authors on Their Work: Gwendolyn Brooks
TERRANCE HAYES, The Golden Shovel
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, a song in the front yard
EVIE SHOCKLEY, song in the back yard
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, Riot
LIZ LOCHHEAD, Beyond It
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, Behind the Scenes
JULIA ALVAREZ, Behind the Scenes
Suggestions for Writing
Exploring Contexts
Chapter 21: The Author’s Work as Context: Adrienne Rich
Poems by Adrienne Rich
At a Bach Concert
Storm Warnings
Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law
Authors on Their Work: Adrienne Rich
Planetarium
For the Record
My mouth hovers across your breasts
History
Transparencies
Tonight No Poetry Will Serve
Passages From Rich’s Essays
From When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision
From A Communal Poetry
From Why I Refused the National Medal for the Arts
From Poetry and the Forgotten Future
A Poem for Adrienne Rich
JOY HARJO: By the Way
Chronology
Suggestions for Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Comparative Essay on Sonnets by Shakespeare and Millay
Emily Dickinson: An Album
Poems by Emily Dickinson
Wild Nights—Wild Nights!
“Hope” is the thing with feathers—
After great pain, a formal feeling comes—
I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—
My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—
I stepped from Plank to Plank
Tell all the truth but tell it slant—
Poems About Emily Dickinson
WENDY COPE, Emily Dickinson
BILLY COLLINS, Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes
Chronology
Suggestions for Writing
W. B. Yeats: An Album
Poems by W. B. Yeats
The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Authors on Their Work: W. B. Yeats
Easter 1916
The Second Coming
Leda and the Swan
Sailing to Byzantium
A Poem About W. B. Yeats
W. H. AUDEN, In Memory of W. B. Yeats
Authors on Their Work: W. H. Auden
Chronology
Suggestions for Writing
Pat Mora: An Album
Poems by Pat Mora
Elena
Gentle Communion
Mothers and Daughters
La Migra
Ode to Adobe
Chronology
Suggestions For Writing
Chapter 22: Cultural and Historical Contexts: The Harlem Renaissance
Poems of the Harlem Renaissance
ARNA BONTEMPS, A Black Man Talks of Reaping
COUNTEE CULLEN, Yet Do I Marvel
COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident
COUNTEE CULLEN, Saturday’s Child
ANGELINA GRIMKÉ, The Black Finger
ANGELINA GRIMKÉ, Tenebris
LANGSTON HUGHES, The Weary Blues
LANGSTON HUGHES, The Negro Speaks of Rivers
LANGSTON HUGHES, I, Too
LANGSTON HUGHES, Harlem
HELENE JOHNSON, Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem
CLAUDE McKAY, Harlem Shadows
CLAUDE McKAY, If We Must Die
CLAUDE McKAY, America
CLAUDE McKAY, The White House
Contextual Excerpts
JAMES WELDON JOHNSON, From the preface to The Book of American Negro Poetry
ALAIN LOCKE, From The New Negro
RUDOLPH FISHER, From The Caucasian Storms Harlem
W. E. B. DU BOIS, From Two Novels
ZORA NEALE HURSTON, How It Feels to Be Colored Me
LANGSTON HUGHES, From The Big Sea
Suggestions For Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Research Essay on “I, Too”
#BlackLivesMatter An Album
DANEZ SMITH, not an elegy for Mike Brown
ROSS GAY, A Small Needful Fact
PATRICIA SMITH, Sagas of the Accidental Saint
DANEZ SMITH, dear white america
EVIE SHOCKLEY, of speech
TRACY K. SMITH, Unrest in Baton Rouge
KEVIN YOUNG, Not Guilty [A Frieze for Sandra Bland]
REGINALD DWAYNE BETTS, When I Think of Tamir Rice While Driving
REGINALD DWAYNE BETTS, Parking Lot, Too
CLAUDIA RANKINE, Weather
CLAUDIA RANKINE, From The Condition of Black Life Is One of Mourning
TRACY K. SMITH, Dear Black America: A Letter
Chronology
Select Bibliography
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 23: Critical Contexts: Sylvia Plath’s “Daddy”
SYLVIA PLATH, Daddy
Critical Excerpts
GEORGE STEINER, From Dying Is an Art
A. ALVAREZ, From Sylvia Plath
IRVING HOWE, From The Plath Celebration: A Partial Dissent
JUDITH KROLL, From Rituals of Exorcism: “Daddy”
MARY LYNN BROE, From Protean Poetic: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath (Not included due to permissions reasons)
MARGARET HOMANS, From A Feminine Tradition
PAMELA J. ANNAS, From A Disturbance in Mirrors: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath
STEVEN GOULD AXELROD, From Sylvia Plath: The Wound and the Cure of Words
LISA NARBESHUBER, From The Poetics of Torture: The Spectacle of Sylvia Plath’s Poetry
Suggestions For Writing
Reading More Poetry
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Lamb
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Tyger
ROBERT BROWNING, My Last Duchess
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Kubla Khan
JOHN DONNE, Death, be not proud
JOHN DONNE, The Good-Morrow
JOHN DONNE, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mask
ROBERT FROST, Fire and Ice
ROBERT FROST, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
JOY HARJO, The Woman Hanging from the Thirteenth Floor Window
SEAMUS HEANEY, Digging
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God’s Grandeur
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Spring and Fall
JOHN KEATS, Ode on a Grecian Urn
JOHN KEATS, To Autumn
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It
Authors on Their Work: Yusef Komunyakaa
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Tu Do Street
LINDA PASTAN, To a Daughter Leaving Home
MARGE PIERCY, Barbie Doll
SYLVIA PLATH, Lady Lazarus
SYLVIA PLATH, Morning Song
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Raven
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, Goblin Market
WALLACE STEVENS, Anecdote of the Jar
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, Ulysses
WALT WHITMAN, Facing West from California’s Shores
RICHARD WILBUR, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
Biographical Sketches: Poets
Part Three: Drama
Chapter 24: Drama: Reading, Responding, Writing
Reading Drama
Thinking Theatrically
SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles
Questions
Responding to Drama
SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation on Trifles
SAMPLE WRITING: Reading Notes on Trifles
Writing About Drama
Suggestions for Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on Trifles
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on Trifles
Understanding the Text
Chapter 25: Elements of Drama
Character
Plot and Structure
Stages, Sets, and Setting
Tone, Language, and Symbol
Theme
AUGUST WILSON, Fences
Act One
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Act Two
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Scene 5
Questions
Authors on Their Work: August Wilson
Suggestions for Writing
QUIARA ALEGRÍ A HUDES, Water by the Spoonful
Scene One
Scene Two
Scene Three
Scene Four
Scene Five
Scene Six
Scene Seven
Scene Eight
Scene Nine
Scene Ten
Scene Eleven
Scene Twelve
Scene Thirteen
Scene Fourteen
Scene Fifteen
Questions
Suggestions for Writing
Exploring Contexts
Chapter 26: The Author’s Work as Context: William Shakespeare
The Life of Shakespeare: A Biographical Mystery
Exploring Shakespeare’s Work: A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Othello
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Act I
Scene 1
Scene 2
Act II
Scene 1
Scene 2
Act III
Scene 1
Scene 2
Act IV
Scene 1
Scene 2
Act V
Scene 1
The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice
Act I
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Act II
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Act III
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Act IV
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Act V
Scene 1
Scene 2
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 27: Cultural and Historical Contexts: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun
The Historical Significance of A Raisin in the Sun
The Great Migration
Life in the “Black Metropolis”
Housing and Residential Segregation
The Civil Rights Movement
African Americans and Africa
The “Americanness” of A Raisin in the Sun
LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun
Act I
Scene One
Scene Two
Act II
Scene One
Scene Two
Scene Three
Act III
Authors on Their Work: Lorraine Hansberry
Chronology
Contextual Excerpts
The Great Migration and Life in the “Black Metropolis”
RICHARD WRIGHT, From Twelve Million Black Voices: A Folk History of the Negro in the United States
ROBERT GRUENBERG, From Chicago Fiddles While Trumbull Park Burns
GERTRUDE SAMUELS, From Even More Crucial Than in the South
The Black Middle Class, the American Dream, and the Campaign for Civil Rights
WILMA DYKEMAN AND JAMES STOKELY, From New Southerner: The Middle-Class Negro
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., From Letter from Birmingham Jail
ROBERT C. WEAVER, From The Negro as an American
African Americans and Africa
EARL E. THORPE, From Africa in the Thought of Negro Americans (Not included due to permissions reasons)
PHAON GOLDMAN, From The Significance of African Freedom for the Negro American (Not included due to permissions reasons)
BRUCE NORRIS, From Clybourne Park
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 28: Critical Contexts: Sophocles’s Antigone
SOPHOCLES, Antigone
Critical Excerpts
RICHARD C. JEBB, From the introduction to The Antigone of Sophocles
MAURICE BOWRA, From Sophoclean Tragedy
BERNARD KNOX, From the introduction to Antigone
MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM, From Sophocles’ Antigone: Conflict, Vision, and Simplification
PHILIP HOLT, From Polis and Tragedy in the Antigone
HELEN MORALES, From Antigone Rising
Suggestions for Writing
SAMPLE WRITING: Research Essay on Antigone
Reading More Drama
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll House
Act I
Act II
Act III
LYNN NOTTAGE, Sweat
Act One
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Scene 5
Scene 6
Scene 7
Act Two
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Scene 5
Scene 6
Scene 7
Scene 8
Authors on Their Work: Lynn Nottage
SOPHOCLES, Oedipus the King
OSCAR WILDE, The Importance of Being Earnest
Act I
Act II
Act III
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, A Streetcar Named Desire
Scene 1
Scene 2
Scene 3
Scene 4
Scene 5
Scene 6
Scene 7
Scene 8
Scene 9
Scene 10
Scene 11
Part Four: Writing about Literature
Writing about Literature
Chapter 29: Basic Moves: Paraphrase, Summary, And Description
29.1 Paraphrase
29.2 Summary
29.3 Description
Chapter 30: The Literature Essay
30.1 Elements of the Literature Essay
30.2 Common Essay Types
Chapter 31: The Writing Process
31.1 Getting Started
31.2 Planning
31.3 Drafting
31.4 Revising
31.5 Editing and Proofreading
31.6 Finishing Up
Chapter 32: The Literature Research Essay
32.1 Types of Essays and Sources
32.2 What Sources Do
32.3 The Research Process
32.4 Writing with Sources
Chapter 33: Quotation, Citation, and Documentation
33.1 The Rules of Responsible Quoting
33.2 Strategies for Effective Quoting
33.3 Citation and Documentation
Chapter 34: Sample Research Essay
Critical Approaches
Emphasis on the Text
Emphasis on the Source
Emphasis on the Receiver
Historical and Ideological Criticism
Bibliography
Permissions Acknowledgments
Index of Authors
Index of Titles and First Lines
Glossary / Index of Literary Terms

Kelly J. Mays has taught writing and literature courses for 25 years ― at Stanford University (where she earned her Ph.D.), in the Harvard Expository Writing Program, at New Mexico State University, and (since 2001) at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, where she is now an Associate Professor of English.  A British literature specialist whose work has appeared in Victorian Studies, Victorian Poetry, Critical Inquiry, and other major scholarly journals, she is currently at work on a book exploring when and why nineteenth-century Britons began to label their age, their literature, and even themselves “Victorian.”