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Planning Local Economic Development<\/a>: Theory and Practice 6th Edition by Nancey G. Leigh, ISBN-13: 978-1506363998<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Written by authors with years of academic, regional, and city planning experience, the classic Planning<\/a> Local Economic Development<\/span><\/strong><\/em> has laid the foundation for practitioners and academics working in planning and policy development for generations. With deeper coverage of sustainability and resiliency, the new Sixth Edition<\/span><\/strong><\/em> explores the theories of local economic development while addressing the issues and opportunities faced by cities, towns, and local entities in crafting their economic destinies within the global economy. Nancey Green Leigh and Edward J. Blakely provide a thoroughly up-to-date exploration of planning processes, analytical techniques and data, and locality, business, and human resource development, as well as advanced technology and sustainable economic development strategies.<\/p>\n
Table of Contents:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Preface
\nOverview
\n1. The Enduring Argument for Local Economic Development Planning
\nLocal Economic Development Planning in the Face of Globalization
\nThe Influence of Outsourcing and Insourcing
\nNetworks
\nThe Geography of the New Economy<\/strong><\/a>
\nEconomic Developments 1.1: The New Economy
\nPeople and Places Left Out of the New Economy
\nGrowing Income and Earnings Inequality
\nGrowing Racial Inequality
\nEconomic Developments 1.2: What Is Happening to the Middle Class?
\nThe Working Poor
\nThe Decline in Good Jobs
\nThe Rise of the Foreign-Born Population
\nPrison Populations
\nEconomic Developments 1.3: Five Keys Charter School Provides Education Access to Prisoners in California
\nGrowing Spatial Inequality
\nIncreasing Metropolitan Inequality
\nIncreasing Rural Inequality
\nShaping Global Warming: The U.S. Economic Engine
\nThe Future of Local Economic Development Planning
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n2. The Influence of National and State Policies on Local Economic Development
\nThree Approaches to National Economic Policy
\nMonetary and Tax Policy
\nTrade Policy
\nWelfare to Workfare Policy
\nHealth Care Policy
\nEmployment Policy
\nNational Policy Targeting Local Economic Development
\nEconomic Developments 2.1: Crisis and Response: Lasting Effects of the Great Recession
\nCoordination of Local and National Development Efforts
\nState Economic Development Approaches
\nPhases of Economic Development
\nChallenges and Opportunities Inherent in Economic Development Policy Making
\nConclusion
\nEconomic Developments 2.2: Natural Disasters\u2019 Impacts on Economic Development
\nAppendix 2.1: Economic Development Funding by Major Federal Agencies (in millions of dollars)
\nNotes
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n3. Concepts and Theory of Local Economic Development
\nDefining Local Economic Development
\nTheories of Growth and Development
\nNeoclassical Economic Theory
\nEconomic Base Theory
\nProduct Cycle Theory
\nLocation Theories
\nCentral Place Theory
\nTranslating Theory Into Practice
\nAttraction Models
\nNew Markets Model
\nTheories, Models, and Fads in Local Economic Development Planning
\nThe Continued Evolution of Economic Development Theory Into Local Practice
\nLocality
\nBusiness and the Economic Base
\nEmployment Resources
\nCommunity Resources
\nConclusion
\nAppendix 3.1: Summary of Economic Development Theories
\nNotes
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n4. The Local Economic Development Profession and Professionals
\nThe Role of the Economic Development Practitioner
\nThe Community
\nThe Organization
\nThe Task Functions
\nThe Clients
\nThe Professional Roles
\nEconomic Development Careers
\nSummary and Conclusion
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n5. The Local Economic Development Planning Process
\nPreliminary Tasks of Local Economic Development Planning
\nIdentifying the Planners
\nDetermining Geographic Scope
\nThe Six Phases of Planning
\nManaging Planning Resources in the Community
\nDetermining the Physical Environment
\nFacing the Regulatory Environment as a Planning Resource
\nPreparing the Attitudinal Environment
\nSelecting a Local Economic Development Role
\nEntrepreneur or Developer
\nCoordinator
\nFacilitator
\nStimulator
\nTypology of Planning Approaches
\nRecruitment Planning (Preactive)
\nImpact Planning (Reactive)
\nContingency Planning (Interactive)
\nStrategic Planning (Proactive)
\nFeatures of Local Economic Development Planning
\nTargeting Zones of Action
\nBuilding Community-Level Institutions for Development
\nExpanding Local Ownership
\nMerging the Resources of the Social Welfare System
\nLinking Employment and Economic Development Policies and Programs
\nBuilding Quality Jobs
\nPublic\u2013Private Venturing
\nConclusion
\nPutting It All Together: Creating a Local Economic Development Strategy (Part 1)
\nPLED Problem Solving 5.1: Case Study, Part 1
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n6. Introduction to Analytical Methods for Local Economic Development Planning
\nInformation and Analytical Requirements for Local Economic Development Planning
\nUnderstanding an Economy\u2019s Strengths and Weaknesses
\nThe Economic Profile
\nDemographics
\nQuality of Life
\nIncome and Wages
\nLabor Force Characteristics
\nBusiness Establishments by Industry Sector and Employment Size
\nInternational Linkages
\nResearch Base and Higher Education Resources
\nTransportation, Utilities, Taxes, Land\/Building Availability, and Environmental Regulations
\nBuilding on Comparisons
\nGathering Available Descriptive Data
\nLocal Agencies and Individuals
\nIndustrial Classifications
\nOccupational Data
\nCensus of the Population
\nEmployer Reports
\nPrivate Data
\nExamining Analytical Techniques
\nEconomic Base Analysis as a Foundation for Economic Development Planning
\nLocation Quotients for Base Analysis
\nData Requirements for Location Quotients
\nThe Growing Parts of a Local Economy: Understanding Where Jobs Will Be in the Future
\nRationale for a Dynamic Analysis
\nAnalysis Tool: Shift-Share Analysis
\nPrinciples of Economic Projections
\nHow Do Changes Multiply Through the Economy?
\nThe Concept of Cumulative Change
\nAnalysis Tool: Input\u2013Output Analysis
\nUsing Input\u2013Output Analysis in Local Economic Development
\nIdentifying Industrial Clusters: The Most Important Parts of the Local Economy
\nLocal Networks of Buying and Selling
\nAnalysis Tool: Cluster Analysis
\nCincinnati USA Partnership Cluster Work 8 Years Later
\nPLED Problem Solving 6.1: Cluster Case Study: Cincinnati, Ohio, Metropolitan Area
\nUsing Clusters in Local Economic Analysis
\nSocial Network Analysis
\nConclusion
\nPutting It All Together: Creating a Local Economic Development Strategy (Part 2)
\nPLED Problem Solving 6.2: Case Study, Part 2
\nNotes
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n7. Local Economic Development Strategy
\nThe Goals of Local Economic Development
\nAchieve Local Economic Stability
\nBuild a Diverse Economic and Employment Base
\nPromote Local Sustainability
\nPrerequisites for Successful Strategy Formulation
\nSelecting Strategic Options
\nThe Locality Development Strategy Option (the Built Environment Dimension)
\nThe Business Development Strategy Option (the Demand Side)
\nThe Human Resource Development Option (the Supply Side)
\nEconomic Development Plans Within the Context of Comprehensive Plans
\nThe Community-Based Employment Development Strategy Option (the Neighborhood Dimension)
\nCommon Traps in Strategy Formulation
\nAssembling the Elements of a Strategy
\nTarget Characteristics
\nMethods of Development
\nForms of Local Organization
\nTime Frame
\nProjects From Strategies
\nDescribing Project Outcomes
\nSpecifying Strategic Resources
\nPlan Financing and Implementation
\nConclusion
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n8. Locality Development
\nThe Link Between Economic Development and Urban Design
\nLandbanking and Community Land Trusts
\nBrownfield Redevelopment: A Priority of Locality Development
\nPhysical Infrastructure Development on Industrial and Commercial Land
\nSpeculative Buildings
\nZoning Regulations
\nBusiness Improvement Districts
\nRegulatory Improvement Through Simplification
\nTownscaping
\nShopsteading
\nHousing and Neighborhood Improvement
\nHousehold Services
\nCommunity Services
\nEconomic Developments 8.1: University-Led Revitalization Strategies
\nPLED Problem Solving 8.1: Community Building Through Ownership
\nPLED Problem Solving 8.2: Revitalizing the Center
\nPLED Problem Solving 8.3: The Portside Plan
\nConclusion
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n9. Business Development
\nCreating a Good Business Climate
\nEntrepreneur Development and Economic Gardening
\nEntrepreneurial Community Program: Growing an Economic Garden
\nOne-Stop Business Assistance Centers
\nStart-Up and Venture Financing Companies and Development Banks
\nSmall Business Development Centers
\nMicroenterprise
\nWomen\u2019s Enterprises
\nPromotion and Tourism Programs
\nResearch and Development
\nEnterprise Zones
\nIncentivizing or Subsidizing Local Economic Development?
\nU.S. Versus International Perspectives
\nEconomic Developments 9.1: #Subsidizing Twitter
\nEconomic Developments 9.2: Roasted by Regulation: Starbucks Coffee\u2019s Selective Tax Advantages in the Netherlands
\nConclusion
\nEconomic Developments 9.3: Targeting Retail Gaps in a Low- to Moderate-Income City
\nEconomic Developments 9.4: Mobile Entrepreneurs: Portland Food Carts
\nEconomic Developments 9.5: Small-Town Ideas Spur Big-Time Manufacturing Growth
\nPLED Problem Solving 9.1: Community-Based Business
\nPLED Problem Solving 9.2: A Small Town Determines Its Own Destiny
\nPLED Problem Solving 9.3: An Incubator as a Revitalization Tool
\nNotes
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n10. Human Resource Development
\nWorkforce Development
\nRealities of an Undertrained Workforce
\nPublic Role in Workforce Development
\nGoals of Human Resource Programs
\nMatching Human Resource Programs and Economic Development Objectives
\nWorkforce Investment Boards
\nFirst-Source or Targeted Hiring Agreements
\nEmployment Maintenance
\nSkill Banks
\nTraining Programs
\nCustomized Training
\nCompetency-Based Training
\nComprehensive Training to Meet Social Needs
\nYouth Enterprise
\nUniversity\u2013Industry Technology Transfer
\nSelf-Employment Initiatives
\nCareer Ladders
\nDisabled Persons Skills Development
\nEducation as the Foundation of Human Resource Development
\nImplementation of a Human Resource Development Strategy
\nEconomic Developments 10.1: Betting on Downtown Las Vegas
\nEconomic Developments 10.2: A Holistic Approach to Workforce Development
\nEconomic Developments 10.3: The Inverclyde Training Trust
\nEconomic Developments 10.4: The Mark of the Maker Movement
\nPLED Problem Solving 10.1: Employment Planning as Economic Development
\nPLED Problem Solving 10.2: Young Need a Job\u2014Make Your Own!
\nConclusion
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n11. Community Economic Development
\nEconomic Developments 11.1: Brownfield Redevelopment Principles to Prevent Neighborhood Gentrification
\nCommunity Development Corporations
\nInstitutional Advantages of Community Development Corporations
\nChallenges for Community Economic Development
\nCommunity Reinvestment Programs
\nCommunity Cooperatives
\nLocal Enterprise Agencies
\nEmployee\/Worker Ownerships
\nEmployee Stock Ownership Plans
\nWorker Cooperatives
\nLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development
\nTargeting and Marketing Neighborhood\/Community Assets
\nIdentification of the Community\u2019s Long-Term Goals
\nMarketing of the Community
\nIncentives and Community Benefits Agreements
\nThe Community Prospectus: A Means of Communicating the Qualities of Your Community
\nLocal Government\u2019s Role in Community Economic Development
\nConclusion
\nEconomic Developments 11.2: East Gateway District: Bridging the Gap Between Community and Economic Development
\nPLED Problem Solving 11.1: Workers as Owners
\nPLED Problem Solving 11.2: A Community Finds a Business
\nPLED Problem Solving 11.3: New Freedom House
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n12. Building the Implementation Plan
\nPublic\u2013Private Partnerships
\nMarketing Community
\nComponents of Good Community Marketing Analysis and Designing a Marketing Plan
\nCommunity (City or Neighborhood) Marketing Plan
\nEconomic Developments 12.1: Marketing Tools for Communicating a Community\u2019s Assets to the Marketplace
\nProject Financing
\nProject Viability Assessment
\nCommunity Viability
\nLocational Viability
\nCommercial Viability
\nImplementation Viability
\nSustainability Assessment
\nDetailed Feasibility Analysis
\nMarket Analysis
\nFinancial Analysis
\nBreak-Even Analysis
\nDevelopment of Financial Scenarios
\nCash Flow Analysis
\nThe Profit and Loss Statement
\nThe Corporate Shift to Sustainability
\nProject Sustainability
\nCash Flow Projections
\nThe Projected Return on Investment Ratio
\nCost\u2013Benefit Analysis
\nOrganizational Design
\nUsing the Feasibility Study
\nBusiness Plan Preparation
\nMonitoring and Evaluation Program
\nCriteria to Be Used in Evaluation
\nEvaluation Techniques
\nTime Schedules for Conducting the Evaluation
\nBudget for Evaluation
\nOrganization and Staff Requirements for Evaluation
\nConclusion
\nNote
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n13. Institutional Approaches to Local Economic Development
\nOrganizational Requirements for Local Development
\nPublic\u2013Private Partnerships
\nThe Economic Development Specialist
\nInstitutional Approaches to Local Economic Development
\nA Typology of Development Organizations
\nEconomic Development Agencies as Units of Local Government
\nIndependent Private Development Agencies
\nEconomic Development Corporations
\nSummary of Institutional Approaches
\nConclusion
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\n14. Local Economic Development Planning\u2019s Response to a Global Economy and Climate-Challenged Planet
\nFinding Solutions Through Innovation and Technology
\nThe Technology Development Process
\nAdvanced Technology Regional Choice Model
\nFostering the Advanced Technology Community
\nHuman Resources
\nEducation and Research Facilities
\nEnvironmental Quality and Community Amenities
\nBusiness and Support Institutions
\nEnterprise or Incubator Facilities
\nAdvanced Manufacturing and Clean Technology
\nResiliency in Local Economic Development
\nLocal Economic Development Planning for Resiliency
\nEconomic Developments 14.1: A Path Toward More Resilient Cities
\nPLED Problem Solving 14.1: Community Resilience: The Next Stage in Business Community Thinking?
\nConclusion: The Future of Local Economic Development Planning
\nFour Strategies to Foster Structural Change in Local Economic Development Planning and Practice
\nThe Way Forward
\nNotes
\nReferences and Suggested Readings
\nIndex
\nAbout the Authors<\/p>\n
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