mathematical<\/strong><\/em><\/a> models derived therein. The
\ntime response and steady state analysis is given in Chapter 6. Necessary derivations have been derived from the first principles. The stability analysis is described in Chapter 7. The methods of ascertaining stability: Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Nyquist criterion, Bode plot and root locus plot have been explained step by step in a simplified manner to make the explanation easily understandable. The compensation methods and introduction to state space analysis is described in chapters 8 and 9 respectively.<\/p>\nSuitable illustrative examples as well as solved examples have been incorporated in the
\ntext to make the subject clear and interesting. A list of references is given at the end.
\nSelective unsolved problems have been included at the end of each chapter to help the
\nstudent to judge himself whether he has gained sufficient workable knowledge of basic
\nprinciples involved. Answers to odd numbered problems being given in Appendix I.
\nThe salient feature of this book is the inclusion of objective type multiple choice questions
\ngiven in Appendix II covering the entire text which would be of great help for the students
\npreparing for competitive examinations.<\/p>\n
Table of Contents:<\/strong><\/p>\n1. INTRODUCTION 1-15
\n1.1 An Example of Control Action … 2
\n1.2 Open-Loop Control System … 2
\n1.3 Closed-Loop Control System … 2
\n1.4 Use of Laplace Transformation in Control Systems … 3
\n1.5 Laplace Transform … 3
\n1.5.1 Derivation of Laplace Transform … 4
\n1.5.2 Basic Laplace Transform Theorems … 6
\n1.6 Solved Examples … 7
\nProblems … 15
\n2. TRANSFER FUNCTION 16\u000124
\n2.1 Poles and Zeros of a Transfer Function … 17
\n2.2 Transfer Function and its Relationship with Impulse Response … 19
\n2.3 Procedure for Determining the Transfer Function of a Control System … 19
\n2.4 Solved Examples … 20
\nProblems … 24
\n3. BLOCK DIAGRAMS 25-61
\n3.1 Block Diagram Reduction … 26
\n3.2 Solved Examples … 32
\nProblems … 58
\n4. SIGNAL FLOW GRAPHS 62-78
\n4.1 Rules for Drawing Signal Flow Graphs … 63
\n4.2 Mason\u0001s Gain Formula … 67
\n4.3 Drawing Signal Flow Graph from a Given Block Diagram … 67
\n4.4 Solved Examples … 69
\nProblem … 78
\n5. MODELLING A CONTROL SYSTEM 79-126
\n5.1 Electrical Networks … 79
\n5.2 Mechanical Systems … 81
\n5.2.1 Translation Mechanical Systems … 81
\n5.2.2 Rotational Mechanical System … 84
\n5.3 Hydraulic System … 86
\n5.4 Pneumatic System … 88
\n5.5 Thermal System … 89
\n5.6 Servo Motors … 90
\n5.7 Generators … 97
\n5.8 Error Detectors … 102
\n5.9 Solved Examples … 106
\nProblems … 124
\n6. THREE RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 127-215
\n6.1 Transient and Steady State Response … 128
\n6.2 Input Test Signals … 128
\n6.3 Time Response of a First Order Control System … 130
\n6.3.1 Time Response of a First Order Control System Subjected
\nto Unit Step Input Function … 130
\n6.3.2 Demarcation between the Transient Part and Steady State Part
\nof the Time Response in terms of Time Constant … 131
\n6.3.3 Time Response of a First Order Control System Subjected to
\nUnit Ramp Input Function … 132
\n6.3.4 Time Response of a First Order Control System Subjected to
\nUnit Impulse Input Function … 133
\n6.4 Time Response of a Second Order Control System … 134
\n6.4.1 Time Response of a Second Order Control System Subjected to
\nUnit Step Input Function … 134
\n6.4.2 Critical Damping … 139
\n6.4.3 Characteristic Equation … 140
\n6.4.4 Transient Response Specifications of Second Order Control System … 141
\n6.4.5 Time Response of a Second Order Control System Subjected to
\nUnit Ramp Input Function … 144
\n6.4.6 Time Response of a Second Order Control System Subjected to
\nImpulse Input Function … 146
\n6.5 Time Response of a Third Order Control System … 147
\n6.5.1 Effect of First Order Term Time Constant on Time Response
\nof Third Order Control System … 151
\n6.6 Time Response of Higher Order Control System … 152
\n6.6.1 An Example of Third Order Unstable Control System … 152
\n6.7 Steady State Error … 153
\n6.7.1 Static Error Coefficients … 155
\n6.7.2 Type of Transfer Functions and Steady State Error … 156
\n6.7.3 Generalized Error Coefficients … 159
\n6.7.4 Performance Indices … 162
\n6.8 Sensitivity … 168
\n6.8.1 Effect of Transfer Function Parameter variations in an
\nOpen-loop Control System … 168
\n6.8.2 Effect of Forward Path Transfer Function Parameter variations
\nin a Closed-loop Control System … 168
\n6.8.3 Sensitivity of Overall Transfer Function M(s) with respect to
\nForward Path Transfer Function G(s) … 169
\n6.8.4 Sensitivity of Overall Transfer Function M(s) with respect to
\nFeedback Path Transfer Function … 170
\n6.8.5 Effect of Feedback on Time Constant of a Control System … 172
\n6.9 Control Actions … 173
\n6.9.1 Proportional Control … 173
\n6.9.2 Derivative Control … 173
\n6.9.3 Integral Control … 178
\n6.9.4 Proportional Plus Derivative Plus Integral Control (PID Control) … 181
\n6.9.5 Derivative Feedback Control … 181
\n6.10 Solved Examples … 185
\nProblems … 212
\n7. STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 216-362
\n7.1 Stability in Terms of Characteristic Equation of a Control System … 218
\n7.1.1 Definition of Stability … 218
\n7.1.2 Absolute and Relative Stability … 218
\n7.1.3 Location of the Roots of Characteristic Equation in s-plane as
\nrelated to Time Response and Prediction of Absolute Stability
\ntherefrom … 218
\n7.2 To Determine the Number of Roots having Positive Real Parts for a
\nPolynomial … 219
\n7.3 Hurwitz Determinants of a Polynomial … 220
\n7.4 Routh-Hurwitz Criterion … 221
\n7.5 Solved Examples : Routh-Hurwitz Criterion … 222
\n7.6 Nyquist Criterion … 229
\n7.6.1 Procedure for Mapping from s-plane to G(s) H(s)-plane … 229
\n7.6.2 Determination from the Nyquist Plot the Number of Zeros of
\nG(s) H(s) which are located inside a Specified Region in s-plane … 231
\n7.6.3 Application of Nyquist Criterion to Determine Stability of a
\nClosed-loop Control System … 231
\n7.7 Gain Margin and Phase Margin … 242
\n7.8 Relative Stability from Nyquist Plot … 244
\n7.9 Gain Phase Plot … 245
\n7.10 Closed-loop Frequency Response of a Unity Feedback Control System from
\nNyquist Plot … 246
\n7.11 Constant Magnitude Loci : M-Circles … 247
\n7.12 Constant Phase Angles Loci : N-Circles … 249
\n7.13 Closed-Loop Frequency Response of Control System from M and N-Circles … 250
\n7.14 Gain Adjustment using M-Circle … 251
\n7.15 Nichols Chart … 254
\n7.16 Cutoff Frequency and Bandwidth … 257
\n7.17 Solved Examples : Nyquist Criterion … 259
\n7.17.1 Inverse Nyquist Plot … 284
\n7.17.2 1\/M-Circles (Inverse M-Circles) and Constant Phase Angle Loci … 287
\n7.17.3 Gain Adjustment Using Inverse Polar Plot … 288
\n7.18 Bode Plot … 289
\n7.18.1 Bode Plot (Logarithmic Plot) for Transfer Functions … 289
\n7.18.2 Graphs for the Gain Term K … 290
\n7.18.3 Graphs for the Term 1( jw)N … 290
\n7.18.4 Graphs for the Term (1 + jwT) … 291
\n7.18.5 Graphs for the Term 1 (1 + jwT) … 292
\n7.18.6 Initial Slope of Bode Plot … 295
\n7.18.7 Determination of Static Error Coefficients from Initial Slope of
\nBode Plot … 297
\n7.18.8 Graphs for Quadratic Term … 298
\n7.18.9 Procedure for Drawing Bode Plot and Determination of
\nGain Margin, Phase Margin and Stability … 301
\n7.18.10 Bode Plot for Time Delay Element : e sT … 304
\n7.18.11 Minimum Phase, Non-minimum Phase and all
\nPass Transfer Function … 306
\n7.19 Solved Examples : Bode Plot … 308
\n7.20 Correlation between Transient Response and Frequency Response … 315
\n7.21 Root Locus … 319
\n7.22 Salient Features of Root Locus Plot … 323
\n7.23 The Procedure for Plotting Root Locus … 323
\n7.24 Solved Examples : Root Locus … 324
\n7.25 Root Contours … 354
\nProblems … 360
\n8. COMPENSATION OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 366\u0001416
\n8.1 Phase-Lead Compensation … 367
\n8.2 Phase-Lag Compensation … 369
\n8.3 Phase-Lag-Lead Compensation … 371
\n8.4 Concluding Remarks … 372
\n8.5 Feedback Compensation … 372
\n8.6 Solved Examples … 375
\n8.7 Compensation Network Design: Root Locus Approach … 380
\n8.7.1 Phase Lead Compensator Design … 381
\n8.7.2 Phase Lag Compensator Design … 394
\n8.7.3 Lag-Lead Compensator Design … 404
\nProblems … 414
\n9. INTRODUCTION TO STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 417-498
\n9.1 State Space Representation … 418
\n9.2 The Concept of State … 419
\n9.3 State Space Representation of Systems … 420
\n9.4 Block Diagram for State Equation … 427
\n9.5 Transfer Function Decomposition … 428
\n9.5.1 Direct Decomposition … 429
\n9.5.2 Cascade Decomposition … 431
\n9.5.3 Parallel Decomposition … 432
\n9.5.4 Parallel Decomposition of a Transfer Function having
\nRepeated Roots of its Characteristic Equation … 433
\n9.5.5 Transfer Function Decomposition Using State Signal Flow Graph … 434
\n9.6 Solution of State Equation … 438
\n9.6.1 Determination of State Transition Matrix … 440
\n9.6.2 Properties of State Transition Matrix … 450
\n9.7 Transfer Matrix … 450
\n9.8 Controllability … 451
\n9.9 Observability … 454
\n9.10 Solved Examples … 456
\n9.11 State Variable Feedback … 490
\nProblems … 494
\n10. SAMPLED DATA CONTROL SYSTEMS 499\u0001545
\n10.1 Sampler … 501
\n10.2 Sampling Process … 502
\n10.3 Laplace Transform of Sampled Function … 503
\n10.4 z-Transform … 504
\n10.5 z-transform of Some Useful Functions … 505
\n10.6 Inverse z-transform … 508
\n10.7 Hold Circuit … 515
\n10.8 Reconstruction of Signal : Minimum Sampling Frequency … 518
\n10.9 Pulse Transfer Function (z-transfer Function) … 519
\n10.10 Stability Analysis of Sampled-data Control Systems … 525
\n10.11 Solved Examples … 532
\nProblems … 544
\n11. SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS USING COMPUTER 546-600
\n11.1 Introduction to MATLAB … 546
\n11.2 Running MATLAB … 549
\nSolved Examples … 552
\n12. CLASSIFIED SOLVED EXAMPLES 601\u0001689
\nContains highly graded solved problems selected from question papers of various
\nTechnical Universities, Competitive Examinations and self developed variety of
\nquestions for clearly and deeper understanding of matter\/topics covered in text.
\nAppendix-I : Answers to Selected Problems of Text 690-694
\nAppendix-II : Objective Type of Questions with Answers 695-736
\nAppendix-III : Short Answer Questions 734-759
\nAppendix-IV : Key Formulae, Tables and Charts 760-768
\nReferences 769
\nIndex 770-772<\/p>\n
What makes us different?<\/strong><\/p>\n\u2022 Instant Download<\/p>\n
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