Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Case Approach 5th Edition by Nancy Murdock, ISBN-13: 978-0138170462

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Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Case Approach 5th Edition by Nancy Murdock, ISBN-13: 978-0138170462

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• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 5th edition (May 14, 2024)
• Language: ‎ English
• 688 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0138170460
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0138170462

Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy uses case studies, applied examples and original source material to succinctly elucidate 15 of the most influential and ground-breaking theories of psychotherapy and counseling. This helpful guide examines the historical roots, evaluations, and lasting effects of Existential, Gestalt, Behavioral, Cognitive, Reality, Feminist, Family, Narrative and Solution-Focused Therapy theories and much more. You’ll learn how historical theory has contributed to modern practice and ways that you can apply it in your own professional counseling experience. The 5th Edition is thoroughly updated to provide modern, evidence-based context for each theoretical approach, new applications with diverse clients, and new psychotherapy outcome research.

Table of Contents:

About the Author

Preface

New to this Edition

Why I Wrote this Book

The Theories I Chose

My Philosophy

Acknowledgments

Brief Contents

Contents

Chapter 1 Theory Is a Good Thing

Learning Objectives

What Is Theory?

What Is Psychotherapy?

Why Bother with Theory?

Theory Is Fun

Theory Works

Theory Is Essential to Human Life

Counselors Who Don’t Use Theory May Get Lost

Your Task: Find Your Map

Characteristics of Good Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Parsimony

Stimulation

Practicality

So How Do I Choose a Theory?

What About Me?

What about My Client? Issues of Diversity, Equity, and Social Justice

How to Use Theory

Ethics: The Role of Professional Values and Standards

Client Welfare

Informed Consent

Confidentiality

Competence

Multiple Relationships

The Critical Question: How to Decide?

How Theory Is Presented In this Text

A Case Study

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Research Support

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Another Resource for Learning to Use Theory

In Closing

Chapter 2 Psychoanalysis

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Instinct Theory

Topographic Model: The Iceberg Approach

Structural Model: The Big Three

Repression

Symptoms as Symbols

Defense Mechanisms

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Insight

Resistance

Transference

Countertransference

Phases of Therapy

Opening Phase

Development of Transference

Working Through

Resolution of the Transference

Therapeutic Techniques

Free Association

Interpretation

Analysis of the Resistance

Dream Analysis

Analysis of the Transference

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 3 Neoanalytic Approaches

Learning Objectives

Overview

Ego Psychology: ID Loses the Limelight Temporarily

Overview

Central Constructs

Structural Model

Defenses

Conflict-Free Sphere

Average Expectable Environment

Theory of the Person

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Object Relations: The Lego Approach

Overview

Central Constructs

Objects

Attachment as a Fundamental Need

Projection

Introjection

Splitting

Projective Identification

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Self Psychology—It’s All About Me

Overview

Central Constructs

Selfobject

Disintegration Anxiety

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Relational Psychoanalysis

Overview

Central Constructs

Self

Relational Matrix

Drive Theory

Anxiety

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Evaluation of Neoanalytic Approaches

Qualities of the Theory

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 4 Individual Psychology

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Lifestyle

Social Interest

Inferiority Feelings

Basic Tasks

Basic Mistakes

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Formal Assessment

Informal Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Interpretation

Encouragement

Natural and Logical Consequences

Acting as If

Pushing the Button

Catching Oneself

Creating Images

Pleasing Someone

Paradoxical Intention

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Social interest

Birth order

Early recollections

Lifestyle

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 5 Person-Centered Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Experience

Actualizing Tendency

Organismic Valuing Process

Self

Self-Actualizing Tendency

Need for Positive Regard and Self-Regard

Conditions of Worth

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Congruence

Unconditional Positive Regard

Empathy

A Fourth Condition?

Stages of the Therapeutic Process

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 5

Stage 6

Stage 7

Therapeutic Techniques

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 6 Existential Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Modes of Being

Anxiety

The Ultimate Concerns

Death

Freedom

Meaning

Isolation

Defenses

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Relationship and Presence

Questioning

Bracketing

Attention to Nonverbal Behavior

Self-Disclosure

Paradoxical Intention

Dereflection

Dream Analysis

Guided Fantasy

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 7 Gestalt Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Contact

Needs

Polarities

Contact Disturbance

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Experiments

Therapist Self-Disclosure

Dialogues

Playing the Projection

Exaggeration

Reversals

Dream Work

Awareness Training or Bodywork

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 8 Behavior Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Observational Learning

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Relaxation Training

Exposure Therapy

Systematic Desensitization

Shaping

Reinforcement

Extinction

Punishment

Social and Communication Skills Training

Stimulus Control

Modeling

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 9 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

ABCs

Beliefs

Goals

Human Worth Ratings and USA

Secondary Disturbances

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Disputing

Bibliotherapy

Proselytizing

Recordings

Reframing

Stop and Monitor

Rational Coping Statements

Rational Emotive Imagery

Flamboyant Therapist Actions

Humor

Role Playing

Reinforcements and Penalties

Skill Training

In Vivo Desensitization

Acting on Rational Beliefs

Homework

Shame Attacking

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 10 Cognitive Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

The Cognitive Model

Schemas

Beliefs

Automatic Thoughts

Modes

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Questioning

Downward Arrow

Thought Recording

Behavioral Experiments

Activity Scheduling

Graded Tasks

Problem Solving

Imagery

Role Playing and Other Behaviorally Oriented Techniques

Identifying Adaptive Beliefs, Boosting Positive Emotion, and Identifying Values and Aspirations

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 11 Reality Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Basic Needs

Quality World

Total Behavior

Choice Theory

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Questioning

Bibliotherapy

Doing the Unexpected

Reframing

Humor

Self-Disclosure

Metaphors

Physical Activity and Meditation

Allowing or Imposing Consequences

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 12 Feminist Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Gender

The Personal Is Political

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Gender-Role and Power Analysis

Self-Disclosure

Assertiveness Training

Bibliotherapy

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 13 Family Systems Theory

Learning Objectives

Overview

The Satir Approach

Overview

Central Constructs

Self-Esteem

Self Mandala

Communication

Primary Triad

Family Rules

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Family Sculpting

Communication Analysis

Therapist Communications

Family Thermometer

Parts Party

Structural Family Therapy

Overview

Central Constructs

Family Structure

Subsystems

Boundaries

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Enactment

Reframing

Focusing

Achieving Intensity

Boundary Making

Unbalancing

Directives

Strategic Therapy

Overview

Central Constructs

Communication

Hierarchies

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Directives

Reframing

Working with Hierarchical Problems

Bowen Family Systems Theory

Overview

Central Constructs

Differentiation of Self

Chronic Anxiety

Triangles

Emotional Distance

Sibling Position

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Evaluation of the Family Systems Approaches

Qualities of the Theory

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 14 Solution-Focused Therapy

Learning Objectives

Background

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Exceptions

Solution Focused Conversation

Strengths and Resources

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Questions

Normalizing the Problem

Compliments

Miracle Question

Scaling Questions

Asking about the Problem

Externalizing

First Session Formula Task

Generic Task

Breaking Patterns

Surprise Task

Write, Read, and Burn

Structured Fight

Do Something Different

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 15 Narrative Therapy

Learning Objectives

Overview

Basic Philosophy

Human Motivation

Central Constructs

Stories

Thinness and Thickness

Unique Outcomes

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere

Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Questioning

Double Listening

Outsider Witness Practices

Written Artifacts

Evaluation of the Theory

Qualities of the Theory

Precision and Testability

Empirical Support

Research Support

Outcome Research

Theory-Testing Research

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 16 Mindfulness Approaches

Learning Objectives

Overview

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Overview

Central Constructs

Acceptance

Being Present

Cognitive Defusion

Self as Context

Values

Commitment

Mindfulness

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Metaphor

Mindfulness Techniques

Cognitive Defusion Techniques

Values Work

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Overview

Central Constructs

Dialectics

Emotion Regulation

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual

Health and Dysfunction

Nature of Therapy

Assessment

Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere and Roles of Client and Counselor

Goals

Process of Therapy

Therapeutic Techniques

Core Mindfulness Skills

Distress Tolerance Skills

Emotion Regulation Skills

Four Categories of Treatment Strategies

Core strategies

Dialectical strategies

Making lemonade out of lemons

Entering the paradox

Stylistic or communication strategies

Case management strategies

Evaluation of Mindfulness Approaches

Qualities of the Theory and empirical support

Research Support

ACT

DBT

Issues of Diversity

The Case Study

Summary

Chapter 17 Conclusion

Learning Objectives

Is this a Good Theory?

Empirical Support

Stimulating

Practical

Your Philosophical Assumptions

Your Beliefs About Human Behavior

Your Personal Style: Approach and Technique

The Role of Your Clients: Diversity Is Here to Stay

Eclectic and Integrative Approaches to Psychotherapy

The Contextual Model

Conclusion

References

Name Index

Subject Index

Nancy Murdock is Emeritus Professor of Counseling Psychology at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, in Kansas City, Missouri. Dr. Murdock is the author of numerous publications in the areas of psychotherapy process and Bowen family systems theory as well as the book Couple and Family Therapy: A Case Approach (2022). A fellow of the American Psychological Association, she has served as the president of the Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy (Division 29 of the American Psychological Association), Vice President for Education and Training of the Society for Counseling Psychology (Division 17 of the APA), and as chair of the Council of Counseling Psychology Training Programs. In her many years at UMKC, Dr. Murdock served as chair of the Division of Counseling and Educational Psychology, director of the doctoral program in Counseling Psychology, and program coordinator for the Master’s program in Counseling. She lives on a lake with her canine companion Roxie, occasionally venturing out to compete in International Latin ballroom competition.

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