Samour & King’s Pediatric Nutrition in Clinical Care 5th Edition by Susan H. Konek, ISBN-13: 978-1284146394

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Samour & King’s Pediatric Nutrition in Clinical Care 5th Edition by Susan H. Konek, ISBN-13: 978-1284146394

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• Publisher: ‎ Jones & Bartlett Learning; 5th edition (March 26, 2019)
• Language: ‎ English
• ‎696 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1284146391
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1284146394

Samour & King’s Pediatric Nutrition in Clinical Care, Fifth Edition provides comprehensive coverage of the nutritional aspects of pediatric clinical care from neonate through adolescent, and all pediatric disorders impacting nutrition. A widely trusted resource for more than twenty years, this text combines coverage of nutrition assessment and care with detailed coverage of normal growth, relevant disease states, and medical nutrition therapy. In addition to important updates in all major areas of pediatric nutrition, the Fifth Edition has been expanded to included evolving areas in pediatric nutrition including, malnutrition related to undernutrition, nutrition focused physical exam, integrative medicine and more. When utilizing the text, students and practitioners alike will be able to discuss the nutrition guidelines associated with normal growth and development, and will be better able to determine medical nutrition therapy interventions for children with diseases, injuries, genetic disorders and weight issues.

Table of Contents:

Cover Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Brief Contents

Contents

Foreword

Preface

About the Authors

Contributors

Reviewers

Chapter 1 Nutritional Assessment

Introduction

Screening

Subjective Global Assessment

Nutritional Assessment

Feeding History

Anthropometric Data

Laboratory Measurements

Clinical Evaluation

Client History

Calculation of Energy Requirements

Standardized Equations

Data Evaluation and Plan

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 2 Growth and Maturation

Introduction

What is Growth?

How is Growth Measured?

Periods and Patterns of Growth

Assessing Growth Status

Race/Ethnicity

Comparing the CDC and WHO Growth Charts

Premature Growth/Fetal Growth

Growth Velocity

Maturation

Body Composition

Children with Special Healthcare Needs

Summary

Suggested Readings

Review Questions

References

Chapter 3 Nutrition-Focused Physical Examination

Introduction

Techniques

Before the Examination

Beginning the Examination

Nutrition Assessment

Subcutaneous Fat Loss

Bilateral Muscle Wasting

Assessment of Hydration Status

Assessment of Functional Status

Micronutrient Exam

Review Questions

References

Chapter 4 Malnutrition Related to Undernutrition

Introduction

Defining Pediatric Malnutrition

Classification and Characterization of Pediatric Malnutrition

Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of Condition

Impact of Malnutrition on Critical Illness

Impact of Malnutrition on Cardiac Disease

Impact of Malnutrition on Cognitive Function

Impact of Malnutrition on Quality of Life, Hospital Length of Stay, and Disease Complication

Condition-Specific Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Illness and Non–illness Related Conditions

Anthropometrics

Nutrient Intake

Growth and Development

Developmental Milestones

Growth Charts

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference

z-scores

Growth Velocity

Nutrition Diagnosis

Intended Population

Recommended Indicators

Nutrition Intervention

Mild Malnutrition Therapy Protocol

Moderate Malnutrition Nutrition Therapy Protocol

Severe Malnutrition Nutrition Therapy Protocol

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

What to Monitor

How Often to Monitor

Identifying Malnutrition in Preterm and Neonatal Populations

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 5 Nutritional Implications of the Developing Fetus

Introduction

Macronutrients

Energy

Undernutrition and Fetal Growth

Overnutrition and Fetal Growth

Fetal Insulin Hypothesis

Protein

Essential Fatty Acids

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Fetal Development

Micronutrients

Zinc

Iron

Folate

Calcium

Vitamin D

Iodine

Selenium

Choline

Copper

Vitamin A

Lutein

Vitamin B12

Vitamin E

Role of Other Micronutrients

Micronutrient Supplementation

Preconception Nutrition

Epigenetics

Prematurity

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 Human Milk

Introduction

Breastmilk

Colostrum to Mature Milk

Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Relationship of Maternal Diet to Breastmilk

Drug Use and Human Milk

Contraindications for the Use of Human Milk

Donor Human Milk

Effects of Pasteurization

Human Milk Used for Infants With Chylothorax

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

References for Bioactive Components of Human Milk

Chapter 7 Nutrition for Premature Infants

Introduction

Parenteral Nutrition

Management Concerns and Medical Problems

Transitioning to Enteral Feedings

Enteral Nutrition

Breastfeeding

Nutritional Assessment

Dietary Considerations

Anthropometric Measurements

Assessment of Feeding Tolerance

Discharge Concerns

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 8 Infant Nutrition

Introduction

Nutrition Issues at Birth

Nutrient Needs

Breastfeeding

Human Milk Composition

Management of Lactation

Formula Feeding

Infant Formula Composition

Standard Formulas

Tolerance Formulas

Soy Formulas

Protein Hydrolysates

Amino Acid–Based Formulas

Other Products Fed to Infants and Young Toddlers

Functional Ingredients

Management of Formula Feedings

Supplementation

Physical and Developmental Readiness for Solids

Weaning and Feeding Progression

Complementary Foods

First Foods

Home Preparation of Baby Foods

Risk for Obesity

Dental Caries in Infancy

Whole Cow’s Milk

Other Products Fed to Infants

Water in First Year

Juice Consumption During Infancy

Feeding Problems

Food Allergy in Infancy

Constipation and Stool Characteristics

Acute Diarrhea

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Food Refusal

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 Normal Nutrition through Childhood and Adolescence

Introduction

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology of Condition

Progress in Growth and Development

Condition Specific Nutrition Screening

Obesity

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Lipid and Cardiovascular Health

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrient Needs

Energy

Protein

Minerals and Vitamins

Food Intake Patterns and Guidelines

Factors Influencing Food Intake

Family

Media

Peers

Body Image

Nutrition Diagnosis

Diet and Oral Health

Prevention of Caries

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Adolescent Pregnancy

Substance Abuse

Nutrition Intervention

Feeding the Toddler and Preschool Child

Feeding the School-Age Child

Feeding the Adolescent

Nutrition Education

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Special Considerations

School Nutrition

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Health Promotion

Effect of Diet on Learning and Behavior

Resources

Knowledge Path on Child and Adolescent Nutrition

Bright Futures in Practice: Nutrition, 3rd Edition

American Academy of Pediatrics

Food and Nutrition Information Center (FNIC)

National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP)

Physical Activity and Children and Adolescents Knowledge Path

References

Chapter 10 Enteral Nutrition

Introduction

Condition Specific Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnosis

Nutrition Intervention

Infants Less than 1 Year of Age

Children Older than 1 Year

Adolescents

Formula Change and Acceptance

Selection of Specific Feeding Routes

Administration of Feeding

Initiation and Advancement of Feedings

Prevention and Treatment of Complications

Special Considerations

Hang Time

Monitoring & Evaluation

Feeding Disorders

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Review Questions

References

Chapter 11 Parenteral Nutrition

Introduction

Clinical Indications

Vascular Access

Solution Administration

Fluid and Electrolytes

Energy

Carbohydrate

Protein

Fat

Vitamins

Minerals

Acid-Base Balance

Special Considerations

Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease

Metabolic Bone Disease

Cycling

Weaning

Patient Monitoring

PN Shortages

Transition to Home Parenteral Nutrition Support

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12 Gastrointestinal Disorders

Introduction

Diarrhea

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology & Diagnosis

Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements (PES)

Management

Nutrition Intervention

Prebiotics and Probiotics

Monitoring and Evaluation

Constipation

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology

Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Diagnosis

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements (PES)

Management

Nutrition Intervention

Monitoring and Evaluation

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology

Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Diagnosis

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements (PES)

Management

Nutrition Intervention

Monitoring and Evaluation

Lactose Intolerance

Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of Lactose Intolerance/Malabsorption

Diagnosis

Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements (PES)

Nutrition Intervention

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Celiac Disease

Early Infant Feeding Practices and Celiac Disease

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements (PES)

Nutrition Intervention

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Special Considerations

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Condition Specific Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements (PES)

Nutrition Intervention

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Pancreatitis

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology

Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Diagnosis

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements (PES)

Management

Nutrition Intervention, Monitoring, and Evaluation for Mild Acute Pancreatitis

Nutrition Intervention, Monitoring, and Evaluation for Moderate to Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Nutrition Intervention, Monitoring, and Evaluation for Chronic Pancreatitis

Cholestatic Liver Disease

Liver Transplant

Short Bowel Syndrome

Intestinal Transplantation

Conclusion

Websites

Review Questions

References

Chapter 13 Critical Care

Introduction

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology of Condition

Condition Specific Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Anthropometry and Body Composition

Energy Expenditure and Critical Illness

Indirect Calorimetry

Protein Requirements

Immunonutrition

Nutrition Diagnosis

Nutrition Intervention

Enteral Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring Enteral and Parenteral Intake

Monitoring Anthropometric Measurements

Monitoring Biochemical Data and Nutrition Focused Physical Findings

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 14 Cardiology

Introduction

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology of Condition

Condition Specific Nutrition Screening and Assessment

Nutrition Diagnostic Statements

Nutrition Intervention, Monitoring and Evaluation

Special Considerations

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 15 Pulmonary Diseases

Introduction

Cystic Fibrosis

Genetics/Incidence

Manifestations/Diagnosis

Management

Effects of CF on Nutritional Status

Nutritional Screening and Assessment

Nutritional Management

Alternative/Complementary Medicine

Lung Transplant

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Nutritional Implications and Factors Affecting Growth

Effects of Prematurity

Effects of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Decreased Nutrient Consumption

Growth of Infants with BPD

Nutritional Screening and Assessment

Nutrition Management

Barriers to Meeting Increased Needs

Meeting Nutritional Needs

Addressing Feeding Difficulties

Identification of Areas Needing Further Research

Asthma

Food Allergies and Asthma

Milk and Mucus

Role of Breastfeeding in the Prevention of Asthma

Relationship Between Asthma and Obesity

Effects of Nutrients on Asthma

Effects of Asthma Treatment on Nutritional Status

Nutritional Management

Alternative/Complementary Medicine

Identification of Areas for Further Research

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 16 Oncology and Hematology

Introduction

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology of Condition

Common Childhood Cancers

Malnutrition in Childhood Cancer

Nutritional Effects of Cancer Therapy

Condition Specific Nutrition Screening, Nutrition Assessment, and Nutrition Diagnosis

Nutrition History

Physical Assessment

Biochemistry

Anthropometry

Other Assessment Tools

Nutrition Intervention

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Special Considerations

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 17 Pediatric Surgical Nutrition: Principles and Techniques

Introduction

An Introduction to Physiological Scaling

Estimating Nutrition Needs

Calories

Protein

Fluid

Useful Tips and Methods

Know Your Protein Source

Control the Osmolarity

Helpful Additives

Peculiar Surgical Constraints

Volume Limits and Advancements

Overgrowth

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 18 Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction

Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of Condition

Condition-specific Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnosis

Nutrition Intervention

Nutritional Requirements

Bone Health

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Conclusion

Study Questions

References

Alternate Study Questions

Chapter 19 Nutrition for Burned Pediatric Patients

Introduction

Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations

Metabolic Manifestations of Thermal Injury

Nutritional Intervention Strategies

Enteral Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition

Nutritional Assessment

Conclusion

Study Questions

References

Chapter 20 Diabetes

Introduction

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology of Condition

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Types of Monogenic Diabetes

Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes

Condition Specific Nutrition Screening

Thyroid Disease

Celiac Disease

Cardiovascular Disease

Weight Control and Disordered Eating

Nutrition Assessment

Growth

Biochemical Indices

Psychosocial Information

Child’s Usual Food Intake Prior to Symptoms of Diabetes

Nutrition-Focused Physical Findings

Nutrition Diagnosis

Nutrition Intervention

Calories

Insulin Therapy

Hybrid Closed-Loop Automated Insulin Pumps

Carbohydrate and Sweeteners

Amount and Type of Carbohydrate

Snacks

Carbohydrate Counting

Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load

Sucrose

Nutritive Sweeteners

Hypocaloric Sweeteners

Nonnutritive Sweeteners (NNS)

Dietary Fiber

Protein

Dietary Fat

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamin D

Sodium

Alcohol

Nutrition and Insulin Management During Exercise and Activity

Designing the Meal Plan

Nutrition Counseling

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Glucose Downloads

Hypoglycemia

Birth to 12 Months of Age

One to 4 Years of Age

School-Age Children

Adolescents

Growth Maintenance

Illness

Special Considerations

Obesity in T1D: Double Diabetes

Conclusion

Study Questions

References

Chapter 21 Obesity and Weight Management

Introduction

Prevalence and Trends of Overweight/Obesity

Defining Overweight and Obesity

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology of Condition

Cardiovascular Concerns

Pulmonary Concerns

Musculoskeletal Concerns

Endocrine Concerns

Metabolic Syndrome

Gastrointestinal Concerns

Neurological Concerns

Psychological Concerns

Condition Specific Screening and Assessment

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnosis

Nutrition Intervention

Nutrition/Dietary Component

Increasing Physical Activity

Reducing Physical Inactivity

Behavioral Modification

Motivational Interviewing

Staged Approach to Treating Childhood Obesity

Stage 1: Prevention Plus

Stage 2: Structured Weight Management

Stage 3: Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention

Stage 4: Tertiary Care Intervention

Recommended Weight Change Goals

Bariatric Surgery

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Primary Care Provider

Family

School

Community

Insurance and Government

Eating Disorders Related to Obesity

Defining Eating Disorders

Diagnostic Criteria

Conclusion

References

Chapter 22 Eating and Feeding Disorders

Introduction

Defining and Diagnosing Feeding and Eating Disorders

Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology of Condition

Etiology and Risk Factors

Physical Presentation: Signs & Symptoms

Cardiovascular Function

Endocrine Function

Bone Health

Gastrointestinal System

Laboratory Values

Psychological and Cognitive Presentation

Condition-Specific Nutrition Screening

Nutrition Assessment

Nutrition Diagnosis

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

Binge Eating Disorder

OSFED

Female Athlete Triad

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Nutrition Intervention

Micronutrients

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge Eating Disorder

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge Eating Disorder

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Special Considerations

Mortality and Comorbidities

Gender and Sexuality

Conclusion

References

Chapter 23 Pediatric Sports Nutrition

Introduction

Growth and Development

Body Composition

Energy

Protein

Carbohydrate

Fat

Fiber

Hydration, Heat and Electrolyte Management

During Exercise

Post Exercise

Hyperhydration

Energy Drinks and Sports Drinks

Marketing

Ergogenic Aids and Supplements

Vegetarian Athlete

Special Consideration of Micronutrients Specific to Athletes

Iron

Calcium

Vitamin D

Weight Management and Lean Sports

Female Athlete Triad

Diagnosis

Intervention

Male Athletes

Conclusion

Study Questions

References

Chapter 24 Children with Special Needs

Introduction

Definition of Developmental Disabilities

Nutrition Considerations

Nutritional Needs of the Child with Special Needs

Lowered Energy Needs

Higher Energy Needs

Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fats

Vitamins, Minerals, and Botanicals

Nutrition Assessment

Dietary Assessment

Nutritional Problems

Obesity

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Malnutrition/Failure to Thrive

Constipation

Feeding Problems

Dental Disease

Seizures

Autism, Attention Deficit Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 25 Food Allergy

Introduction

Clinical Manifestations

Pathophysiology

IgE-Mediated Food Allergies

Non-IgE–Mediated Food Allergy

Diagnosing Food Allergy

Clinical Reaction History

Physical Exam

Skin Testing and In Vitro Assays

Oral Food Challenges for IgE-Mediated Allergies

Oral Food Challenges and Food Trials for Non IgE-Mediated Allergies

Food Allergy Management

Avoidance and Education

Reading Labels

Avoiding Common Allergens

Cross-Contact

Nutritional Consequences of Food Allergy

Other Principles of Management and Treatment

Food Allergy Prevention

Conclusion

Study Questions

Resources for Food Allergies

References

Chapter 26 Nutrition Management in Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Introduction

Newborn Screening

Principles and Practical Considerations in Nutrition Support

Principles

Practical Considerations

Changes in Nutrition Support Prescription

Monitoring

Nutrition Management of Aminoacidopathies

Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism

Urea Cycle Disorders

Galactosemia

Inborn Errors of Fatty Acid Oxidation

Conclusion

Study Questions

References

Chapter 27 Measuring Outcomes

Introduction

Quality Terms Defined

Nutrition Practice Quality Improvement Approaches and Models

Quality Improvement Models

Quality Improvement Tools

Academy and Commission on Dietetics Registration (CDR) Resources for Completing QI/Outcomes Research

Key Points about Outcomes Research

How to Get Started with an Outcomes Research Project

Conclusion

Review Questions

References

Chapter 28 Integrative Medicine and Nutrition

Introduction

Integrative Nutrition

Elimination, Restricted, Oligoantigenic or Few Foods Diet

Histamine-free Diet

Ketogenic Diet/Modified Atkins Diet

Gluten and Casein Free Diets

The Feingold Diet

Low FODMAP Diet

Mediterranean Diet

Botanical Therapies

Additional Biologic Therapies

Pre/probiotics

Monitoring Growth

Conclusion

References

Index

Susan H. Konek has worked in Pediatric Nutrition for the past 30 years, with clinical experiences in Nutrition Support, Cystic Fibrosis and Critical Care nutrition. She is a board-certified specialist in pediatric nutrition. Clinical Nutrition Management has also been a primary focus for much of this time, with The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia as Clinical Manager and Director of Clinical Nutrition responsibilities prior to retirement from full time work in 2015. Support of clinical nutrition departments through consultation and project specific employment has extended Susan’s experience. She has been active in the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics as a leader at the state, dietetic practice group and Academy level, providing networking opportunities throughout the pediatric nutrition community. Contributions to publications as an author, reviewer and editor have allowed Susan to develop a love for pediatric nutrition literature and experience to support this at a high level.

Patricia Becker is a board-certified specialist in pediatric nutrition and nutrition support. She has had a wide range of experience as a dietitian. For the past twenty years Pat has worked as a pediatric dietitian taking care of children from conception to adulthood, specializing in pediatric undernutrition. Her work in the area of pediatric malnutrition has included serving as Chair of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library Pediatric Nutrition Screening Project, Chair of the Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group DPG, author of the Pediatric Malnutrition Section of the Pediatric Nutrition Care Manual, member of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/ASPEN Pediatric Malnutrition Work group and Lead author of the Consensus statement for ASPEN / AND pediatric malnutrition. Author of Identifying Malnutrition in Preterm and Neonatal Populations: Recommended Indicators, PNPG Malnutrition Committee Chair, ASPEN Malnutrition Committee member, and ASPEN malnutrition “state of the science” paper author group and as Author and presenter on pediatric malnutrition and nutrition focused physical exam.

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