Personality Theories: A Global View 1st Edition by Eric Shiraev, ISBN-13: 978-1452268576

Personality Theories: A Global View 1st Edition by Eric Shiraev, ISBN-13: 978-1452268576

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ SAGE Publications, Inc; 1st edition (October 13, 2016)
• Language: ‎ English
• 536 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1452268576
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1452268576

Personality Theories: A Global View by leading scholar Eric Shiraev takes a dynamic, integrated, and cross-cultural approach to the study of personality. The text is organized around three general questions: Where did personality theories come from? How did the theorists study facts? How do we apply personality theories now? These questions provide a consistent focus on social context, interdisciplinary science, and applications. Going beyond traditional research from the Western tradition, the book also covers theories and studies rooted in the experiences of other countries and cultures.

Table of Contents:

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1. Introducing Personality
Learning Objectives
Identifying Personality
Explaining the Definition and Asking Questions
Three Principles Explaining Personality
Personality’s Dichotomies
Approaching Personality
Four Types of Knowledge
How Different Types of Knowledge Interact
Knowledge and Theory
Personality Theories and Academic Traditions
Applying Knowledge About Personality
Areas of Application
Steps in Applying Knowledge
Visual review
Summary
Key terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 2. Scientific Foundations
Learning Objectives
Science and the Scientific Method
Influences on the Study of Personality
Genetics
Neuroscience
Evolutionary Science
Social Sciences
The Humanities
The Arts
How Do We Apply Knowledge?
Applying Knowledge to Self
Applying Knowledge to Others
Applying Knowledge to the World
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 3. Research Methods
Learning Objectives
Personality Research Methods
Observation
Self-Reports
Experiments
Content Analysis
Projective Methods
Mixed and Holistic Methods
How Do We Prepare and Conduct Research?
Reviewing Your Sources
Describing Your Goals
Formulating Hypotheses
Choosing a Sample
Choosing Specific Methods
Being Aware of Biases
Checking Reliability and Validity
Analyzing Your Data
Applying Critical Thinking to Research Methods
Distinguish Facts From Opinions
Describe, Not Prescribe
Do Not Always See Correlation as Causation
Look for Multiple Causes
Critically Compare
Recognize Continuous and Dichotomous Variables
Be Aware of Possible Ethnocentrism
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 4. The Psychoanalytic Tradition
Learning Objectives
The Essence of the Psychoanalytic Tradition
Social and Cultural Contexts
Founders and Influences
Discussing the Psychoanalytic Tradition
Studying Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis
The Id, the Ego, and the Superego
Individual and Society
Studying Alfred Adler’s Views
Early Transitions of Psychoanalysis: Carl Jung
Summarizing Freud, Adler, and Jung
Applying the Psychoanalytic Tradition
Understanding Self
Helping Others: Therapy
Applying to History and Politics
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 5. The New Wave in the Psychoanalytic Tradition
Learning Objectives
Psychoanalysis and Society
Professional Applications
Popular Appeal
Psychoanalysis and Ideology
Psychology and Psychoanalysis
Theoretical Expansions: Ego Psychology
Works of Anna Freud
Erik Erikson’s Stages of Development
Erikson and Global Applications
Theoretical Expansions: Away From the Libido Concept
The Individual’s Basic Anxiety
Interpersonal Psychoanalysis
A Complex Identity
Psychoanalysis and Social Behavior
Psychology of Women
Personality and Politics
Psychoanalysis and Judaism
Contributions of the New Wave’s Psychoanalysts
Applying the Psychoanalysis of the New Wave
Early Political Psychology
Testing
Contributing to Neurophysiology
On Sexuality
On Psychodrama
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 6. The Behavioral Learning Tradition
Learning Objectives
The Behavioral Learning Tradition
Understanding Personality by Studying Animal Behavior
Anthropomorphism
Theories of Social Instincts
Learning Laws
Studying Reflexes
Reflexology and Personality
Conditioned Reflexes
Types of Personality and the Nervous System
Watson: Studying and Applying Behaviorism
Habit Formation
Habit Disturbances: Abnormal Behavior and Deviance
Studying Behavior From Different Angles
Optimistic Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner
From Animals to Humans
Social Engineering
Social Learning Theory
What Behaviorism Accomplished and What It Missed
Applying the Behavioral Learning Tradition
Behavioral Economics
Coping With Traumatic Events
Behavior Therapy
Education
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 7. The Trait Tradition
Learning Objectives
The Trait Approach
Ancient Philosophies
Early Research in the Humanities and Psychology
Trait Theorists and Perspectives
Gordon Allport
Raymond Cattell
Hans Eysenck
The Big Five
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
The Humanities and Personality Traits
A Cross-Cultural Approach to Personality
Applying the Trait Tradition
Marriage and Traits
Which Personality Traits Are Most Important to Employers?
Politics
Do “Stupid” People Have Distinctive Traits?
Are There Criminal Traits?
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 8. The Cognitive Tradition
Learning Objectives
The Roots of the Cognitive Tradition: Early Psychology
An Era of Introspection
Studying the Self
The Gestalt Tradition
Field Theory
Cognitive Science
Psychology and Cognitive Science
Cognitive Neuroscience
Computer Science
Philosophy, Consciousness, and the Self
Studies of Attitudes
Attitude Accessibility
Attitude Balance
Attitude Dissonance
Attributions
The Personal Constructs Approach
Culture and the Self
Recognizing the Self
Culture and Identity
Self-Esteem
Literature and the Inner World
Applying the Cognitive Tradition
Cognitive Therapy
“Applied” Spirituality
Gambling Fallacies
Is an Artificial Personality Ethical?
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 9. The Humanistic Tradition
Learning Objectives
The Humanistic Tradition: Social Contexts
Debates Within Psychology
The Essence of Humanistic Tradition
The Critical Aspect
The Positive Aspect
Principles of Humanistic Psychology
Five Theoretical Principles
Methods and Humanistic Psychology
Existentialism
Rollo May and Existential Psychology
Abraham Maslow and Humanistic Psychology
Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization
Cross-Cultural Applicability
The Autotelic Personality
Humanistic Tradition and Activism
Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach
Positive Psychology
Studying Happiness
Critical Assessments of Happiness Approaches
The Humanistic View
Accomplishments and Limitations of the Humanistic Tradition
Accomplishments
Shortcomings
Applying the Humanistic Tradition
Psychotherapy
Care With Dignity
Holistic Health Movement
Peace Psychology and Public Diplomacy
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 10. The Developmental Domain
Learning Objectives
The Essence of the Developmental Domain
Nature and Nurture Interact
Developmental Stages
Stability and Change: Consistency and Openness Models
Studying the Developmental Domain
An Individual’s Development and Life Sciences
Cross-Cultural Approach
The Psychoanalytic Tradition
Laurence Kohlberg: Personality and Morality
Jean Piaget’s Developmental Approach
Lev Vygotsky’s Developmental Approach
Specific Traits
Applying the Developmental Domain
Developmental Factors and Suicide
Crime as a Developmental Problem
Education: Discipline Versus Freedom
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 11. The Gender Domain
Learning Objectives
The Essence of the Gender Domain
The Sexes and the Intersex
Gender as a Social Construct
Gender Roles
Sexual Orientation
Key Approaches to Studying Gender
Traditional Views of the Sexes
Evolving Views of the Sexes
Genetics, Anatomy, and Neurophysiology
Evolutionary Theories
Societal Practices
Traditional Views of Gender
Ambivalent Prejudice
Gender Discrimination in Psychology
Functional Inequality
Evolving Views of Gender
Gender Studies
Feminism
Comparative Research
The Variability Hypothesis
The Gender Similarities Hypothesis
Evolving Views on Gender Roles
Traditional Views of Sexual Orientation
An Evolution of Legal Knowledge
Evolving Views of Sexual Orientation
Transvestism, Cross-Dressing, or … ?
Applying the Gender Domain
LGBT Psychology
Reducing Gender Stereotypes
Overcoming Sexism
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 12. The Clinical Domain
Learning Objectives
The Essence of the Clinical Domain
Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
On “Normal” and “Abnormal” Personality
Medicalization of Personality Features
Diagnosing Personality Disorders
Factors Contributing to Diagnosis
Classification and Description of Personality Disorders
Cluster: Odd and Eccentric Behavior
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behavior
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Cluster: Anxious and Fearful Behavior
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Etiology of Personality Disorders
The Biomedical Perspective
The Psychoanalytic Tradition
The Behavioral Learning Tradition
The Cognitive Tradition
The Trait Tradition
The Cross-Cultural Approach
Differential Diagnosis and Comorbidity
Applying Knowledge to the Clinical Domain
Treatment of Personality Disorders
Suicide Prevention
Criminal Justice
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 13. The Adjustment Domain
Learning Objectives
The Essence of Adjustment and Coping
Why Individuals Cope
Areas of Change Requiring Coping and Adjustment
Aging
Physical Illness
Changes in the Family
Professional Changes
Changes in Personal Relationships
Immigration
Significant Social Changes
Types of Coping and Adjustment
The Individual
The Stressor
Outcomes of Coping and Adjustment
Identifying “Helpful” Personality Traits
Traits That Negatively Affect the Coping Process
Identifying Adaptive Coping Strategies
Identifying Maladaptive Strategies
Denial
Ruminative Strategies
Learned Helplessness
Applying the Adjustment Domain
Coping With Serious Illness
Fighting Alcoholism
Relaxation Techniques
Overcoming Acculturative Stress
Visual Review
Summary
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 14. Personality Theories in the 21st Century
Case 1: “Hacking” Living Cells for a Good Cause
Possible Research in 2027: “Hacking” Living Cells to Change Personality Traits
Case 2: Understanding Multimorbidity
Possible Research in 2027: Understanding Psychological Multimorbidity
Case 3: Height, Mind, and Self-Esteem
Possible Research in 2027: Matching Self-Esteem and Social Perception
Case 4: A Personality Profile of the Internet Troll
Possible Research in 2027: Researching, Understanding, and Punishing Trolls
A Conclusion: Understanding an Individual’s Personality
Glossary
References
Index

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