Introduction to Geography 16th Edition by Mark Bjelland, ISBN-13: 978-1260364132

Description

Trustpilot

Introduction to Geography 16th Edition by Mark Bjelland, ISBN-13: 978-1260364132

[PDF eBook eTextbook] – Available Instantly

• Publisher: ‎ McGraw Hill; 16th edition (February 4, 2021)
• Language: ‎ English
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1260364135
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1260364132

Introduction to Geography is written to clearly and concisely convey the nature of the field of geography, its intellectual challenges, and the logical interconnections of its parts. Even if students take no further work in geography, they will have come into contact with the richness and breadth of Geography and have new insights and understandings for their present and future roles as informed adults. This new edition provides students content and scope of the subfields of geography, emphasizes its unifying themes, and provides the foundation for further work in their areas of interest.

Table of Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

Meet the Authors

Brief Contents

Contents

Preface

Features

Connect

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 What Is Geography?

1.2 Evolution of the Discipline

Subfields of Geography

Why Geography Matters

1.3 Some Core Geographic Concepts

Location, Direction, and Distance

Size and Scale

Physical and Cultural Attributes

Attributes of Place Are Always Changing

Interrelations between Places

Place Similarity and Regions

1.4 Geography’s Themes and Standards

1.5 Organization of This Book

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 2: Techniques of Geographic Analysis

2.1 Maps as the Tools of Geography

2.2 Locating Points on a Sphere

The Geographic Grid

Land Survey Systems

2.3 Map Projections

Area

Shape

Distance

Direction

2.4 Scale

2.5 Types of Maps

Topographic Maps and Terrain Representation

Thematic Maps and Data Representation

Map Misuse

2.6 Contemporary Spatial Technologies

Remote Sensing

Global Navigations Satellite Systems

Geography & Public Policy: Civilian Spy Satellites

Virtual and Interactive Maps

Geography & Public Policy: Citizenship and Mapping

2.7 Integrating Technology: Geographic Information Systems

The Geographic Database

Applications of GIS

Systems, Maps, and Models

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 3: Physical Geography: Landforms

3.1 Earth Materials

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

3.2 Geologic Time

3.3 Movements of the Continents

3.4 Tectonic Forces

Diastrophism

Volcanism

3.5 Gradational Processes

Weathering

Mass Movement

Erosional Agents and Deposition

3.6 Landform Regions

Geography & Public Policy: Beaches on the Brink

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 4: Physical Geography: Weather and Climate

4.1 Air Temperature

Earth Inclination

Reflection and Reradiation

Lapse Rate

4.2 Air Pressure and Winds

Pressure Gradient Force

The Convection System

Land and Sea Breezes

Mountain and Valley Breezes

The Coriolis Effect

The Frictional Effect

The Global Air-Circulation Pattern

4.3 Ocean Currents

4.4 Moisture in the Atmosphere

Types of Precipitation

Storms

4.5 Climate Regions

Tropical Climates (A)

Dryland Climates (B)

Mild Midlatitude Climates (C)

Severe Midlatitude Climates (D)

Arctic Climates (E)

Highland Climates (H)

4.6 Climate Change

Long-Term Climate Change

Short-Term Climate Change

The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 5: Population Geography

5.1 Population Growth

5.2 Population Definitions

Birth Rates

Fertility Rates

Death Rates

Population Pyramids

Natural Increase and Doubling Times

5.3 The Demographic Transition

The Western Experience

A Divided World, a Converging World

Geography & Public Policy: International Population Policies

5.4 The Demographic Equation

Population Relocation

Immigration Impacts

5.5 World Population Distribution

Population Density

Overpopulation?

5.6 Population Data and Projections

Population Data

Population Projections

5.7 Population Controls

5.8 Population Prospects

Population Implosion?

Momentum

Aging

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 6: Cultural Geography

6.1 Components of Culture

6.2 Subsystems of Culture

The Technological Subsystem

The Sociological Subsystem

The Ideological Subsystem

6.3 Interaction of People and Environment

Environments as Controls

Human Impacts

6.4 Culture Change

Innovation

Diffusion

Acculturation

6.5 Cultural Diversity

6.6 Language

Language Spread and Change

Standard and Variant Languages

Language and Culture

6.7 Religion

Classification and Distribution of Religions

Geography & Public Policy: Changing Place Names

The Principal Religions

6.8 Ethnicity

6.9 Gender and Culture

6.10 Other Aspects of Diversity

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 7: Human Interaction

7.1 The Definition of Human Interaction

7.2 Distance and Human Interaction

7.3 Barriers to Interaction

7.4 Human Interaction and Innovation

7.5 Individual Activity Space

Stage in Life

Mobility

Opportunities

7.6 Diffusion and Innovation

Medical Geography and Diffusion: COVID-19

Contagious Diffusion

Hierarchical Diffusion

7.7 Human Interaction and Technology

Automobiles

Telecommunications

7.8 Migration

Types of Migration

Incentives to Migrate

Geography & Public Policy: Broken Borders

Barriers to Migration

Patterns of Migration

7.9 Globalization, Integration, and Interaction

Economic Integration

Political Integration

Cultural Integration

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 8: Political Geography

8.1 National Political Systems

Evolution of the Modern State

Nations and Nation-States

Boundaries: The Limits of the State

Centripetal Forces: Promoting State Cohesion

Centrifugal Forces: Challenges to State Authority

8.2 Cooperation Among States

Supranationalism

The United Nations and Its Agencies

Regional Alliances

8.3 Local and Regional Political Organization

Forms of State Organization

Special Types of Regions

Electoral Systems

The Districting Problem

The Fragmentation of Political Power

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 9: Economic Geography: Agriculture and Primary Activities

9.1 The Classification of Economic Activity and Economies

Categories of Activity

Types of Economic Systems

Stages of Development

9.2 Primary Activities: Agriculture

Subsistence Agriculture

Expanding Crop Production

Commercial Agriculture

9.3 Other Primary Activities

Fishing

Forestry

Mining and Quarrying

9.4 Trade in Primary Products

Geography & Public Policy: Public Land, Private Profit

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 10: Economic Geography: Manufacturing and Services

10.1 World Manufacturing Patterns and Trends

10.2 Industrial Location Theory

Weber’s Least-Cost Industrial Location Model

Other Locational Considerations

10.3 Innovation in Manufacturing Processes and Products

Flexible Production Processes

Geography & Public Policy: Incentives or Bribery?

High Technology Products

Factors in High Technology

10.4 Outsourcing and Transnational Corporations

10.5 Service Activities

Types of Service Activities

Consumer Services

Business Services

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 11: An Urban World

11.1 An Urbanizing World

11.2 Origins and Evolution of Cities

Defining the City Today

The Location of Urban Settlements

11.3 Functions of Cities

Cities as Central Places

Cities as Centers of Production and Services

Cities as Centers of Administration and Institutions

11.4 Systems of Cities

The Urban Hierarchy

Rank-Size Relationships

World Cities

11.5 Inside the City

Classic Patterns of Land Use

Institutional Controls

Social Areas of Cities

Changes in Urban Form

Geography & Public Policy: The Homeless

11.6 Global Urban Diversity

Western European Cities

Eastern European Cities

Rapidly Growing Cities in the Developing World

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 12: The Geography of Natural Resources

12.1 Resource Terminology

Renewable Resources

Nonrenewable Resources

Resource Reserves

12.2 Energy Resources and Industrialization

12.3 Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Crude Oil

Coal

Natural Gas

Geography & Public Policy: Fuel-Efficient and Electric Vehicles

Oil Shale and Oil Sands

Nuclear Energy

12.4 Renewable Energy Resources

Biomass Fuels

Hydropower

Solar Energy

Geography & Public Policy: Dammed Trouble

Other Renewable Energy Resources

12.5 Nonfuel Mineral Resources

The Distribution of Nonfuel Minerals

Copper: A Case Study

12.6 Land Resources

Soils

Wetlands

Forest Resources

12.7 Resource Management

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Chapter 13: Human Impact on the Environment

13.1 Ecosystems

13.2 Impacts on Water

Availability of Water

Modification of Streams

Water Quality

Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution

Other Sources of Water Pollution

Controlling Water Pollution

13.3 Impacts on Air

Air Pollutants

Factors Affecting Air Pollution

Acid Rain

Photochemical Smog

Depletion of the Ozone Layer

Controlling Air Pollution

13.4 Impacts on Landforms

Excavation

Dumping

Subsidence

13.5 Impacts on Plants and Animals

Habitat Loss or Alteration

Hunting and Commercial Exploitation

Introduction of Exotic Species

Bioaccumulation of Toxins

Preserving Biodiversity

13.6 Waste Management

Municipal Waste

Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes

Geography & Public Policy: Yucca Mountain

13.7 Environmental Justice

Summary of Key Concepts

Key Words

Thinking Geographically

Appendices

Appendix 1: Map Projections

Appendix 2: Climate, Soils, and Vegetation

Appendix 3: 2019 World Population Data

Glossary

Index

Mark Bjelland is professor of geography at Calvin University

David H. Kaplan is a professor of geography at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin at Madison and his B.A. from The Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Kaplan has published over 40 peer-reviewed articles and chapters, and he has seven books published: Segregation in Cities, Nested Identities, Boundaries and Place, Urban Geography, Landscapes of the Ethnic Economy, Perthes World Atlas, and the four-volume Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview. His research interests include nationalism, borderlands, ethnic and racial segregation, urban and regional development, housing and finance, and transportation. In his free time, he enjoys spending time with his family, cooking, bicycling, skiing, and gaining a deep appreciation of different places.

Jon C. Malinowski received his B.S. in foreign service from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and earned his M.A. and Ph.D. in geography from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has been a member of the geography faculty at the United States Military Academy at West Point since 1995. In addition to scholarly articles, he is the co-author of several books, including geography texts and trade books on summer camp and West Point’s changing landscape. His research interests have focused on spatial cognition, children’s geographies, and cultural geography and he has taught courses on Asia, North America, the Middle East and Africa, world regional geography, human geography, behavioral geography, economic geography, and the historical geography of the Hudson Valley. In addition to teaching and research, Dr. Malinowski has held administrative positions in the Environmental Perception and Behavioral Geography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers and in the Geography Program at the Academy. He also serves as a member of the Board of Directors for YMCA Camp Belknap in Tuftonboro, New Hampshire.

What makes us different?

• Instant Download

• Always Competitive Pricing

• 100% Privacy

• FREE Sample Available

• 24-7 LIVE Customer Support