Introduction to Communication Disorders 6th Edition by Robert Owens, ISBN-13: 978-0134801476

Description

Introduction to Communication Disorders: A Lifespan Evidence-Based Perspective 6th Edition by Robert Owens, ISBN-13: 978-0134801476

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 6th edition (February 1, 2018)
• Language: ‎ English
• 512 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0134801474
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0134801476

A clear, comprehensive introduction to communication sciences and disorders.

Introduction to Communication Disorders: A Lifespan Evidence-Based Perspective presents recent advances in the assessment and treatment of communication disorders in a highly readable manner. Each chapter is concise, yet comprehensive–striking a just right balance of information appropriate for introductory-level students. Readers gain a basic foundation in the areas of anatomy and physiology of speech and hearing, and an overview of the various disorders that affect voice, fluency, articulation, language, cognition, swallowing, and hearing across the lifespan. Updated case studies, evidence-based practice summary boxes, and new medically based photographs help students bridge the gap between theory and clinical application.

Table of Contents:

Preface

New to this Edition

Robert Owens

Kimberly Farinella

Brief Contents

Contents

Introduction to Communication Disorders

1 The Field, the Professionals, and the Clients

LEARNING OUTCOMES

COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

THE PROFESSIONALS AND THEIR ROLES

Audiologists

Credentials for Audiologists

Speech-Language Pathologists

Credentials for Speech-Language Pathologists

Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists

What Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists Do

Related Professions: A Team Approach

SERVICE THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

COMMUNICATION DISORDERS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

2 Typical and Disordered Communication

LEARNING OUTCOMES

ROLE OF CULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Cultural Identity

The Environment

ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION

Language

Form

Content

Use

Speech

Articulation

Fluency

Voice

Nonverbal Communication

Artifacts

Kinesics

Space and Time

Communication Through the Lifespan

COMMUNICATION AND SWALLOWING IMPAIRMENTS

Language Disorders

Disorders of Form

Disorders of Content

Disorders of Use

Speech Disorders

Disorders of Articulation

Disorders of Fluency

Disorders of Voice

Hearing Disorders

Deafness

Hard of Hearing

Auditory Processing Disorders

Swallowing Disorders

How Common Are Communication Disorders?

What Is “Normal”?

Communication and Swallowing Disorders as Secondary to Other Disabilities

Estimates of Prevalence

ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION

The Role of the SLP in Prevention

Assessment of Communication and Swallowing Disorders

Defining the Problem

Assessment Goals

Assessment Procedures

Evidence-Based Practice

Intervention with Communication and Swallowing Disorders

Objectives of Intervention

Target Selection

Baseline Data

Behavioral Objectives

Clinical Elements

Treatment Plan.

Direct Teaching.

Incidental Teaching.

Counseling.

Family and Environmental Involvement.

Measuring Effectiveness

Follow-up and Maintenance

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

3 Overview of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Production Mechanism

LEARNING OUTCOMES

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Structures of the Respiratory System

Muscles of the Respiratory System

Muscles of Inspiration

Muscles of Expiration

The Physiology of Tidal Breathing and Speech Breathing

Lifespan Issues of the Respiratory System

THE LARYNGEAL SYSTEM

Structures of the Laryngeal System

Muscles of the Larynx

Lifespan Issues of the Laryngeal System

THE ARTICULATORY/RESONATING SYSTEM

Structures of the Articulatory/Resonating System

Teeth

Tongue

Velum

Lifespan Issues of the Articulatory/Resonating System

THE SPEECH PRODUCTION PROCESS

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

4 Childhood Language Impairments

LEARNING OUTCOMES

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

Pre-Language

Toddler Language

Use

Content and Form

Preschool Language

Use

Content

Form

School-Age and Adolescent Language

Use

Content

Form

LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS AND ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

Specific Language Impairment

Lifespan Issues

Language Characteristics

Social Communication Disorder

Lifespan Issues

Language Characteristics

Intellectual Disability

Lifespan Issues

Language Characteristics

Learning Disabilities

Lifespan Issues

Language Characteristics

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Lifespan Issues

Language Characteristics

Brain Injury

Lifespan Issues

Language Characteristics

Other Language Impairments

Aspects of Language Affected

ASSESSMENT

Bilingual Children, English Language Learners, and Dialectal Speakers

Referral and Screening

Case History and Interview

Observation

Testing

Sampling

INTERVENTION

Target Selection and Sequence of Training

Evidence-Based Intervention Principles

Intervention Procedures

Intervention through the Lifespan

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

5 Speech Sound Disorders

LEARNING OUTCOMES

UNDERSTANDING SPEECH SOUNDS

Classification of Speech Sounds

Classification of Consonants by Place, Manner, and Voicing

Classification of Vowels by Tongue and Lip Position and Tension

NORMAL SPEECH SOUND ACQUISITION THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

Speech Sound Emergence

Toddler Speech

Preschool Speech

School-age Speech

Phonology and Articulation

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS AND RELATED CAUSES

Speech Sound Disorders of Unknown Origin

Lifespan Issues

Correlates of Speech Sound Disorders

Cognitive Impairments

Lifespan Issues

Language Impairments

Lifespan Issues

Male Sex

Lifespan Issues

Hearing Loss

Lifespan Issues

Structural Functional Abnormalities

Lifespan Issues

Dysarthria

Lifespan Issues

Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Lifespan Issues

Language and Dialectal Variations

Characteristics of Articulation and Phonology in Dialectal Variation

Lifespan Issues

SPEECH SOUND ASSESSMENT

Description of Phonological and Articulatory Status

Speech Sound Inventory

Syllable and Word Structure

Sound Error Inventory

Phonological Pattern Analysis

Intelligibility

Prognostic Indicators

Consistency

Stimulability

Speech Sound Discrimination

TREATMENT FOR SPEECH SOUND DISORDERS

Target Selection

Treatment Approaches

Bottom-Up Drill Approaches

Language-Based Approaches

Phonological-Based Approaches

Complexity Approach

Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders

Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment

Computer Applications

Generalization and Maintenance

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

6 Developmental Literacy Impairments

LEARNING OUTCOMES

READING

Phonological Awareness

Morphological Awareness

Comprehension

Reading Development through the Lifespan

Emerging Literacy

Mature Literacy

READING PROBLEMS THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION FOR READING IMPAIRMENT

Assessment of Developmental Reading

Phonological Awareness

Word Recognition

Morphological Awareness

Text Comprehension

Executive Function

Intervention for Developmental Reading Impairment

Phonological Awareness

Morphological Awareness

Word Recognition

Text Comprehension

Executive Function

WRITING

Spelling

Writing Development through the Lifespan

Emerging Literacy

Mature Literacy

Spelling

Executive Function

Text Generation

WRITING PROBLEMS THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

Deficits in Spelling

Deficits in Executive Function

Deficits in Text Generation

ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION FOR WRITING IMPAIRMENT

Assessment of Developmental Writing

Assessment of Spelling

Assessment of Text Generation

Intervention for Developmental Writing Impairment

Spelling

Executive Function

Narrative Text Generation

Expository Text Generation

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

7 Adult Language Impairments

LEARNING OUTCOMES

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

Use

Content

Form

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Central Nervous System

The Brain

Language Processing

APHASIA

Concomitant or Accompanying Deficits

Types of Aphasia

Fluent Aphasias

Nonfluent Aphasias

Causes of Aphasia

Lifespan Issues

Assessment for Aphasia

Intervention

Evidence-Based Practice

Conclusion

RIGHT HEMISPHERE BRAIN DAMAGE

Characteristics

Assessment

Intervention

TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)

Characteristics

Lifespan Issues

Assessment

Intervention

COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Alzheimer’s Disease

Lifespan Issues

Assessment

Intervention

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

8 Fluency Disorders

LEARNING OUTCOMES

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FLUENT SPEECH AND STUTTERING

Normal Disfluencies

Stuttering

THE ONSET AND DEVELOPMENT OF STUTTERING THROUGH THE LIFESPAN

THEORIES AND CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF STUTTERING

Organic Theory

Behavioral Theory

Psychological Theory

Current Conceptual Models of Stuttering

EVALUATION OF STUTTERING

TREATMENT FOR STUTTERING

Indirect Treatment

Direct Treatment

Treatment of Stuttering in Preschool-Age Children

Treatment of Stuttering in Older Children and Adults

Direct Therapeutic Techniques

Fluency-Shaping Techniques

Stuttering Modification Techniques

Selecting Intervention Techniques

Effectiveness of Stuttering Intervention through the Lifespan

Efficacy of Intervention with Preschool-Age Children

Efficacy of Intervention with School-Age Children

Efficacy of Intervention with Adolescents and Adults

The Effects of Stuttering through the Lifespan

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

9 Voice and Resonance Disorders

LEARNING OUTCOMES

NORMAL VOICE AND RESONANCE PRODUCTION

Vocal Pitch

Vocal Loudness

Voice Quality

Lifespan Issues

Resonance

Lifespan Issues

DISORDERS OF VOICE AND RESONANCE

Classification of Voice Disorders

Organic Voice Disorders

Structural Abnormalities Resulting in Voice Disorders

Vocal Nodules.

Vocal Polyps.

Contact Ulcers and Granulomas.

Laryngitis.

Papillomas.

Webs.

Cancer.

Neurologic Voice Disorders

Damage to Cranial Nerve X (Vagus).

Parkinson Disease.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

Spasmodic Dysphonia.

Functional Voice Disorders

Muscle Tension Dysphonia

Conversion Aphonia

Mutational Falsetto

Resonance Disorders

EVALUATION OF VOICE AND RESONANCE DISORDERS

The Voice Evaluation

The Resonance Evaluation

MANAGEMENT OF VOICE AND RESONANCE DISORDERS

Classification of Behavioral Treatment Approaches for Voice Disorders

Treatment of Voice Disorders Associated with Benign Structural Abnormalities

Intervention for Voice Disorders Associated with Neurological Diseases

Intervention for Voice Disorders Associated with Psychological or Stress Conditions

Elective Voice Intervention for Transgender/Transsexual Clients

Treatment of Resonance Disorders

Medical Management

Prosthetic Management

Behavioral Management

Treatment of Articulation Disorders Secondary to VPD

Efficacy of Voice and Resonance Treatment

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

10 Motor Speech Disorders

LEARNING OUTCOMES

STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN IMPORTANT FOR MOTOR SPEECH CONTROL

Motor Speech Production Process

Cranial Nerves Important for Speech Production

MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS

Dysarthria

Flaccid Dysarthrias

Bell’s Palsy

Progressive Bulbar Palsy

Myasthenia Gravis

Spastic Dysarthria

Ataxic Dysarthria

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Parkinson Disease

Hyperkinetic Dysarthrias

Huntington’s Chorea

Mixed Dysarthrias

Lifespan Issues

Apraxia of Speech

Lifespan Issues

Etiologies of Motor Speech Disorders in Children

Cerebral Palsy

Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Athetoid Cerebral Palsy

Ataxic Cerebral Palsy

Motor Speech Disorders Associated with Cerebral Palsy

Lifespan Issues

EVALUATION OF MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS

TREATMENT OF MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS

Management of Dysarthria

Management of Acquired Apraxia of Speech

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

11 Disorders of Swallowing

LEARNING OUTCOMES

NORMAL AND DISORDERED SWALLOWING

Normal Swallowing

Oral Preparation Phase

Oral Phase

Pharyngeal Phase

Esophageal Phase

Disordered Swallowing

Oral Preparation/Oral Phase

Pharyngeal Phase

Esophageal Phase

CORRELATES OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT DYSPHAGIA

Lifespan Issues

Pediatric Dysphagia

Prematurity

Cerebral Palsy

Intellectual Disability and Developmental Delay

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Congenital Structural Abnormalities

HIV/AIDS

Adult Dysphagia

Stroke

Head and Neck Cancer

Parkinson Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Traumatic Brain Injury

Medications and Nonfood Substances

Dementia

HIV/AIDS

Social Isolation and Depression

EVALUATION FOR SWALLOWING

Screening for Dysphagia

Clinical Swallow Evaluation

Case History and Background Information

Caregiver and Environmental Factors

Cognitive and Communicative Functioning

Head and Body Posture

Oral Mechanism

Laryngeal Function

Swallow Trials

Managing a Tracheostomy Tube

Instrumental Swallow Examination

Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study

Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing

Scintigraphy

Ultrasound

TREATMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS

Feeding Environment

Body and Head Positioning

Modification of Foods and Liquids

Placement

Direct and Indirect Rehabilitative Swallowing Treatments

Strengthening Exercises

Effortful Swallow

Supraglottic and Super-Supraglottic Swallow

Mendelsohn Maneuver

Medical and Pharmacological Approaches

Prostheses and Surgical Procedures

Nonoral Feeding

Treatment Effectiveness and Outcomes for Swallowing Disorders

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

12 Audiology and Hearing Loss

LEARNING OUTCOMES

INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, AND CLASSIFICATION OF HEARING LOSS

Classification of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap

Effects of Hearing Loss

Children

Adults

Deafness, the Deaf Community, and Deaf Culture

WHAT IS AUDIOLOGY?

Educational Requirements and Employment for Audiologists

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOUND

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

The Outer Ear

The Middle Ear

The Inner Ear

The Central Auditory System

TYPES OF HEARING LOSS AND AUDITORY DISORDERS

Conductive Hearing Loss

Disorders of the Outer Ear

Disorders of the Middle Ear

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Disorders of the Inner Ear

Mixed Hearing Loss

(Central) Auditory Processing Disorders

Hearing Loss Through the Lifespan

AUDIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

Referral and Case History

Otoscopic Examination

Electroacoustic and Electrophysiological Testing

Behavioral Testing

Behavioral Observation (BO)

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)

Pure Tone Audiometry

Degree of Hearing Loss

Air Conduction and Bone Conduction Testing

Speech Audiometry

Auditory Processing Assessment

HELPING PEOPLE WHO HAVE HEARING LOSS

Aural (Audiological) Habilitation/Rehabilitation

Counseling

Amplification

Hearing Aids.

Cochlear Implants.

Hearing Assistive Technology/Assistive Listening Devices

Auditory Training and Auditory Communication Modality

Visual Communication Modality

Treatment and Management of (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

13 Augmentative and Alternative Communication

LEARNING OUTCOMES

DEFINING AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC)

Who Uses AAC?

TYPES OF AAC

Unaided AAC: Gestures and Vocalizations

Manual Sign Systems

Aided AAC

Aided Symbols: Tangible Symbols

Aided Symbols: Pictorial Symbols

Aided Symbols: Orthography and Orthographic Symbols

Combinations of Aided and Unaided Systems

Access

Output

ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS

Specific Assessment Considerations

AAC SYSTEM SELECTION OR FEATURE MATCHING

AAC Symbol Selection

AAC Vocabulary Selection

INTERVENTION CONSIDERATIONS

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in AAC

SUMMARY

SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES

APPENDIX Professional Organizations

AMERICAN SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOCIATION (ASHA)

Scientific Study of the Processes and Disorders of Human Communication

Clinical Service in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology

Maintenance of Ethical Standards

Advocacy for Individuals with Communicative Disabilities

RELATED PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

Glossary

References

Name Index

Robert E. Owens, Jr., Ph.D. (“Dr. Bob”) is a New York State Distinguished Teaching Professor and a professor of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the College of Saint Rose where he teaches courses in language development and language disorders. He received Honors of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association in 2015 for his distinguished contributions to the field of speech-language pathology. In addition to coauthoring the 6th Edition of Introduction to Communication Disorders: A Lifespan Evidence-Based Perspective, he is also the author of Language Development, An Introduction, the most widely used textbook in this area in the world, Language Disorders, A Functional Approach to Assessment and Intervention, and Early Language Intervention for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers. Dr. Owens has presented over 225 professional papers and workshops around the globe.

Kimberly A. Farinella, Ph.D., CCC-SLP is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northern Arizona University where she teaches Motor Speech Disorders at the graduate level, and Speech Science at the undergraduate level. She also serves as Clinic Director of the Northern Arizona University Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic and supervises graduate student clinicians with pediatric and adult clients with various speech sound disorders of neurological origin. She has presented nationally on numerous occasions on the differential diagnosis and treatment of children with severe speech sound disorders. Her research interests include treatment efficacy for childhood apraxia of speech and the systematic study of the principles of motor learning.

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