Introduction to Communication Disorders: A Lifespan Evidence-Based Perspective 6th Edition by Robert Owens, ISBN-13: 978-0134801476
[PDF eBook eTextbook]
- Publisher: Pearson; 6th edition (February 1, 2018)
- Language: English
- 512 pages
- ISBN-10: 0134801474
- ISBN-13: 978-0134801476
A clear, comprehensive introduction to communication sciences and disorders.
Introduction to Communication Disorders: A Lifespan Evidence-Based Perspective presents recent advances in the assessment and treatment of communication disorders in a highly readable manner. Each chapter is concise, yet comprehensive–striking a just right balance of information appropriate for introductory-level students. Readers gain a basic foundation in the areas of anatomy and physiology of speech and hearing, and an overview of the various disorders that affect voice, fluency, articulation, language, cognition, swallowing, and hearing across the lifespan. Updated case studies, evidence-based practice summary boxes, and new medically based photographs help students bridge the gap between theory and clinical application.
Table of Contents:
Preface
New to this Edition
Robert Owens
Kimberly Farinella
Brief Contents
Contents
Introduction to Communication Disorders
1 The Field, the Professionals, and the Clients
LEARNING OUTCOMES
COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
THE PROFESSIONALS AND THEIR ROLES
Audiologists
Credentials for Audiologists
Speech-Language Pathologists
Credentials for Speech-Language Pathologists
Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists
What Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists Do
Related Professions: A Team Approach
SERVICE THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
COMMUNICATION DISORDERS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
2 Typical and Disordered Communication
LEARNING OUTCOMES
ROLE OF CULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Cultural Identity
The Environment
ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION
Language
Form
Content
Use
Speech
Articulation
Fluency
Voice
Nonverbal Communication
Artifacts
Kinesics
Space and Time
Communication Through the Lifespan
COMMUNICATION AND SWALLOWING IMPAIRMENTS
Language Disorders
Disorders of Form
Disorders of Content
Disorders of Use
Speech Disorders
Disorders of Articulation
Disorders of Fluency
Disorders of Voice
Hearing Disorders
Deafness
Hard of Hearing
Auditory Processing Disorders
Swallowing Disorders
How Common Are Communication Disorders?
What Is “Normal”?
Communication and Swallowing Disorders as Secondary to Other Disabilities
Estimates of Prevalence
ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION
The Role of the SLP in Prevention
Assessment of Communication and Swallowing Disorders
Defining the Problem
Assessment Goals
Assessment Procedures
Evidence-Based Practice
Intervention with Communication and Swallowing Disorders
Objectives of Intervention
Target Selection
Baseline Data
Behavioral Objectives
Clinical Elements
Treatment Plan.
Direct Teaching.
Incidental Teaching.
Counseling.
Family and Environmental Involvement.
Measuring Effectiveness
Follow-up and Maintenance
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
3 Overview of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech Production Mechanism
LEARNING OUTCOMES
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Structures of the Respiratory System
Muscles of the Respiratory System
Muscles of Inspiration
Muscles of Expiration
The Physiology of Tidal Breathing and Speech Breathing
Lifespan Issues of the Respiratory System
THE LARYNGEAL SYSTEM
Structures of the Laryngeal System
Muscles of the Larynx
Lifespan Issues of the Laryngeal System
THE ARTICULATORY/RESONATING SYSTEM
Structures of the Articulatory/Resonating System
Teeth
Tongue
Velum
Lifespan Issues of the Articulatory/Resonating System
THE SPEECH PRODUCTION PROCESS
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
4 Childhood Language Impairments
LEARNING OUTCOMES
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
Pre-Language
Toddler Language
Use
Content and Form
Preschool Language
Use
Content
Form
School-Age and Adolescent Language
Use
Content
Form
LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS AND ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
Specific Language Impairment
Lifespan Issues
Language Characteristics
Social Communication Disorder
Lifespan Issues
Language Characteristics
Intellectual Disability
Lifespan Issues
Language Characteristics
Learning Disabilities
Lifespan Issues
Language Characteristics
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Lifespan Issues
Language Characteristics
Brain Injury
Lifespan Issues
Language Characteristics
Other Language Impairments
Aspects of Language Affected
ASSESSMENT
Bilingual Children, English Language Learners, and Dialectal Speakers
Referral and Screening
Case History and Interview
Observation
Testing
Sampling
INTERVENTION
Target Selection and Sequence of Training
Evidence-Based Intervention Principles
Intervention Procedures
Intervention through the Lifespan
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
5 Speech Sound Disorders
LEARNING OUTCOMES
UNDERSTANDING SPEECH SOUNDS
Classification of Speech Sounds
Classification of Consonants by Place, Manner, and Voicing
Classification of Vowels by Tongue and Lip Position and Tension
NORMAL SPEECH SOUND ACQUISITION THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
Speech Sound Emergence
Toddler Speech
Preschool Speech
School-age Speech
Phonology and Articulation
ASSOCIATED DISORDERS AND RELATED CAUSES
Speech Sound Disorders of Unknown Origin
Lifespan Issues
Correlates of Speech Sound Disorders
Cognitive Impairments
Lifespan Issues
Language Impairments
Lifespan Issues
Male Sex
Lifespan Issues
Hearing Loss
Lifespan Issues
Structural Functional Abnormalities
Lifespan Issues
Dysarthria
Lifespan Issues
Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Lifespan Issues
Language and Dialectal Variations
Characteristics of Articulation and Phonology in Dialectal Variation
Lifespan Issues
SPEECH SOUND ASSESSMENT
Description of Phonological and Articulatory Status
Speech Sound Inventory
Syllable and Word Structure
Sound Error Inventory
Phonological Pattern Analysis
Intelligibility
Prognostic Indicators
Consistency
Stimulability
Speech Sound Discrimination
TREATMENT FOR SPEECH SOUND DISORDERS
Target Selection
Treatment Approaches
Bottom-Up Drill Approaches
Language-Based Approaches
Phonological-Based Approaches
Complexity Approach
Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders
Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment
Computer Applications
Generalization and Maintenance
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
6 Developmental Literacy Impairments
LEARNING OUTCOMES
READING
Phonological Awareness
Morphological Awareness
Comprehension
Reading Development through the Lifespan
Emerging Literacy
Mature Literacy
READING PROBLEMS THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION FOR READING IMPAIRMENT
Assessment of Developmental Reading
Phonological Awareness
Word Recognition
Morphological Awareness
Text Comprehension
Executive Function
Intervention for Developmental Reading Impairment
Phonological Awareness
Morphological Awareness
Word Recognition
Text Comprehension
Executive Function
WRITING
Spelling
Writing Development through the Lifespan
Emerging Literacy
Mature Literacy
Spelling
Executive Function
Text Generation
WRITING PROBLEMS THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
Deficits in Spelling
Deficits in Executive Function
Deficits in Text Generation
ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION FOR WRITING IMPAIRMENT
Assessment of Developmental Writing
Assessment of Spelling
Assessment of Text Generation
Intervention for Developmental Writing Impairment
Spelling
Executive Function
Narrative Text Generation
Expository Text Generation
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
7 Adult Language Impairments
LEARNING OUTCOMES
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
Use
Content
Form
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous System
The Brain
Language Processing
APHASIA
Concomitant or Accompanying Deficits
Types of Aphasia
Fluent Aphasias
Nonfluent Aphasias
Causes of Aphasia
Lifespan Issues
Assessment for Aphasia
Intervention
Evidence-Based Practice
Conclusion
RIGHT HEMISPHERE BRAIN DAMAGE
Characteristics
Assessment
Intervention
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)
Characteristics
Lifespan Issues
Assessment
Intervention
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Alzheimer’s Disease
Lifespan Issues
Assessment
Intervention
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
8 Fluency Disorders
LEARNING OUTCOMES
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FLUENT SPEECH AND STUTTERING
Normal Disfluencies
Stuttering
THE ONSET AND DEVELOPMENT OF STUTTERING THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
THEORIES AND CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF STUTTERING
Organic Theory
Behavioral Theory
Psychological Theory
Current Conceptual Models of Stuttering
EVALUATION OF STUTTERING
TREATMENT FOR STUTTERING
Indirect Treatment
Direct Treatment
Treatment of Stuttering in Preschool-Age Children
Treatment of Stuttering in Older Children and Adults
Direct Therapeutic Techniques
Fluency-Shaping Techniques
Stuttering Modification Techniques
Selecting Intervention Techniques
Effectiveness of Stuttering Intervention through the Lifespan
Efficacy of Intervention with Preschool-Age Children
Efficacy of Intervention with School-Age Children
Efficacy of Intervention with Adolescents and Adults
The Effects of Stuttering through the Lifespan
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
9 Voice and Resonance Disorders
LEARNING OUTCOMES
NORMAL VOICE AND RESONANCE PRODUCTION
Vocal Pitch
Vocal Loudness
Voice Quality
Lifespan Issues
Resonance
Lifespan Issues
DISORDERS OF VOICE AND RESONANCE
Classification of Voice Disorders
Organic Voice Disorders
Structural Abnormalities Resulting in Voice Disorders
Vocal Nodules.
Vocal Polyps.
Contact Ulcers and Granulomas.
Laryngitis.
Papillomas.
Webs.
Cancer.
Neurologic Voice Disorders
Damage to Cranial Nerve X (Vagus).
Parkinson Disease.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
Spasmodic Dysphonia.
Functional Voice Disorders
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Conversion Aphonia
Mutational Falsetto
Resonance Disorders
EVALUATION OF VOICE AND RESONANCE DISORDERS
The Voice Evaluation
The Resonance Evaluation
MANAGEMENT OF VOICE AND RESONANCE DISORDERS
Classification of Behavioral Treatment Approaches for Voice Disorders
Treatment of Voice Disorders Associated with Benign Structural Abnormalities
Intervention for Voice Disorders Associated with Neurological Diseases
Intervention for Voice Disorders Associated with Psychological or Stress Conditions
Elective Voice Intervention for Transgender/Transsexual Clients
Treatment of Resonance Disorders
Medical Management
Prosthetic Management
Behavioral Management
Treatment of Articulation Disorders Secondary to VPD
Efficacy of Voice and Resonance Treatment
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
10 Motor Speech Disorders
LEARNING OUTCOMES
STRUCTURES OF THE BRAIN IMPORTANT FOR MOTOR SPEECH CONTROL
Motor Speech Production Process
Cranial Nerves Important for Speech Production
MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS
Dysarthria
Flaccid Dysarthrias
Bell’s Palsy
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
Myasthenia Gravis
Spastic Dysarthria
Ataxic Dysarthria
Hypokinetic Dysarthria
Parkinson Disease
Hyperkinetic Dysarthrias
Huntington’s Chorea
Mixed Dysarthrias
Lifespan Issues
Apraxia of Speech
Lifespan Issues
Etiologies of Motor Speech Disorders in Children
Cerebral Palsy
Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Athetoid Cerebral Palsy
Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
Motor Speech Disorders Associated with Cerebral Palsy
Lifespan Issues
EVALUATION OF MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS
TREATMENT OF MOTOR SPEECH DISORDERS
Management of Dysarthria
Management of Acquired Apraxia of Speech
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
11 Disorders of Swallowing
LEARNING OUTCOMES
NORMAL AND DISORDERED SWALLOWING
Normal Swallowing
Oral Preparation Phase
Oral Phase
Pharyngeal Phase
Esophageal Phase
Disordered Swallowing
Oral Preparation/Oral Phase
Pharyngeal Phase
Esophageal Phase
CORRELATES OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT DYSPHAGIA
Lifespan Issues
Pediatric Dysphagia
Prematurity
Cerebral Palsy
Intellectual Disability and Developmental Delay
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Congenital Structural Abnormalities
HIV/AIDS
Adult Dysphagia
Stroke
Head and Neck Cancer
Parkinson Disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Traumatic Brain Injury
Medications and Nonfood Substances
Dementia
HIV/AIDS
Social Isolation and Depression
EVALUATION FOR SWALLOWING
Screening for Dysphagia
Clinical Swallow Evaluation
Case History and Background Information
Caregiver and Environmental Factors
Cognitive and Communicative Functioning
Head and Body Posture
Oral Mechanism
Laryngeal Function
Swallow Trials
Managing a Tracheostomy Tube
Instrumental Swallow Examination
Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
Scintigraphy
Ultrasound
TREATMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Feeding Environment
Body and Head Positioning
Modification of Foods and Liquids
Placement
Direct and Indirect Rehabilitative Swallowing Treatments
Strengthening Exercises
Effortful Swallow
Supraglottic and Super-Supraglottic Swallow
Mendelsohn Maneuver
Medical and Pharmacological Approaches
Prostheses and Surgical Procedures
Nonoral Feeding
Treatment Effectiveness and Outcomes for Swallowing Disorders
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
12 Audiology and Hearing Loss
LEARNING OUTCOMES
INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, AND CLASSIFICATION OF HEARING LOSS
Classification of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap
Effects of Hearing Loss
Children
Adults
Deafness, the Deaf Community, and Deaf Culture
WHAT IS AUDIOLOGY?
Educational Requirements and Employment for Audiologists
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOUND
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM
The Outer Ear
The Middle Ear
The Inner Ear
The Central Auditory System
TYPES OF HEARING LOSS AND AUDITORY DISORDERS
Conductive Hearing Loss
Disorders of the Outer Ear
Disorders of the Middle Ear
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Disorders of the Inner Ear
Mixed Hearing Loss
(Central) Auditory Processing Disorders
Hearing Loss Through the Lifespan
AUDIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Referral and Case History
Otoscopic Examination
Electroacoustic and Electrophysiological Testing
Behavioral Testing
Behavioral Observation (BO)
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)
Pure Tone Audiometry
Degree of Hearing Loss
Air Conduction and Bone Conduction Testing
Speech Audiometry
Auditory Processing Assessment
HELPING PEOPLE WHO HAVE HEARING LOSS
Aural (Audiological) Habilitation/Rehabilitation
Counseling
Amplification
Hearing Aids.
Cochlear Implants.
Hearing Assistive Technology/Assistive Listening Devices
Auditory Training and Auditory Communication Modality
Visual Communication Modality
Treatment and Management of (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
13 Augmentative and Alternative Communication
LEARNING OUTCOMES
DEFINING AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC)
Who Uses AAC?
TYPES OF AAC
Unaided AAC: Gestures and Vocalizations
Manual Sign Systems
Aided AAC
Aided Symbols: Tangible Symbols
Aided Symbols: Pictorial Symbols
Aided Symbols: Orthography and Orthographic Symbols
Combinations of Aided and Unaided Systems
Access
Output
ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Specific Assessment Considerations
AAC SYSTEM SELECTION OR FEATURE MATCHING
AAC Symbol Selection
AAC Vocabulary Selection
INTERVENTION CONSIDERATIONS
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in AAC
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS/SOURCES
APPENDIX Professional Organizations
AMERICAN SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOCIATION (ASHA)
Scientific Study of the Processes and Disorders of Human Communication
Clinical Service in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
Maintenance of Ethical Standards
Advocacy for Individuals with Communicative Disabilities
RELATED PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Glossary
References
Name Index
Robert E. Owens, Jr., Ph.D. (“Dr. Bob”) is a New York State Distinguished Teaching Professor and a professor of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the College of Saint Rose where he teaches courses in language development and language disorders. He received Honors of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association in 2015 for his distinguished contributions to the field of speech-language pathology. In addition to coauthoring the 6th Edition of Introduction to Communication Disorders: A Lifespan Evidence-Based Perspective, he is also the author of Language Development, An Introduction, the most widely used textbook in this area in the world, Language Disorders, A Functional Approach to Assessment and Intervention, and Early Language Intervention for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers. Dr. Owens has presented over 225 professional papers and workshops around the globe.
Kimberly A. Farinella, Ph.D., CCC-SLP is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northern Arizona University where she teaches Motor Speech Disorders at the graduate level, and Speech Science at the undergraduate level. She also serves as Clinic Director of the Northern Arizona University Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic and supervises graduate student clinicians with pediatric and adult clients with various speech sound disorders of neurological origin. She has presented nationally on numerous occasions on the differential diagnosis and treatment of children with severe speech sound disorders. Her research interests include treatment efficacy for childhood apraxia of speech and the systematic study of the principles of motor learning.
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