International Law 9th Edition by Malcolm N. Shaw, ISBN-13: 978-1108733052
[PDF eBook eTextbook]
- Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 9th edition (September 23, 2021)
- Language: English
- 1308 pages
- ISBN-10: 1108733050
- ISBN-13: 978-1108733052
International Law is the definitive and authoritative text on the subject. It has long been established as a leading authority in the field, offering an unbeatable combination of clarity of expression and academic rigour, ensuring understanding and analysis in an engaging and authoritative style. Explaining the leading rules, practice and caselaw, this treatise retains and develops the detailed referencing which encourages and assists the reader in further study. This new edition has been fully updated to reflect recent developments. In particular, it has expanded the treatment of space law and of international economic law, and introduced new sections on cyber operations and cyber warfare, as well as reflecting the Covid-19 crisis. Both clarifying fundamental principles and facilitating additional research, International Law is invaluable for students and for those occupied in private practice, governmental service and international organisations.
Table of Contents:
- Half-title
- Reviews
- Title page
- Copyright information
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface to the Ninth Edition
- Table of Cases
- Table of Treaties and Selected Other International Instruments
- List of Abbreviations
- 1 The Nature and Development of International Law
- Law and Politics in the World Community
- The Role of Force
- The International System
- The Function of Politics
- Historical Development
- Early Origins
- The Middle Ages and the Renaissance
- The Founders of Modern International Law
- Positivism and Naturalism
- The Nineteenth Century
- The Twentieth Century and Beyond
- Communist Approaches to International Law
- The ‘Developing Countries’
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 2 International Law Today
- The Expanding Legal Scope of International Concern
- Modern Theories and Interpretations
- Positive Law and Natural Law
- New Approaches
- The Fragmentation of International Law?
- Conclusion
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 3 Sources
- Custom
- Introduction
- The Material Fact
- What is State Practice?
- Opinio Juris
- Protest, Acquiescence and Change in Customary Law
- Regional and Local Custom
- Treaties
- General Principles of Law
- Equity and International Law
- Judicial Decisions
- Writers
- Other Possible Sources of International Law
- The International Law Commission
- Other Bodies
- Unilateral Acts
- Hierarchy of Sources and Jus Cogens
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 4 International Law and Municipal Law
- The Theories
- The Role of Municipal Rules in International Law
- International Law before Municipal Courts
- The United Kingdom
- Customary International Law
- Treaties
- The United States
- Other Countries
- (i) Other Common Law and Related Legal Systems
- (ii) Civil Law Systems
- (iii) Conclusion
- Non-Justiciability, Act of State and Related Doctrines
- Executive Certificates
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 5 The Subjects of International Law
- Legal Personality – Introduction
- States
- Creation of Statehood
- Self-Determination and the Criteria of Statehood
- Recognition
- Extinction of Statehood
- The Fundamental Rights of States
- Independence
- Equality
- Peaceful Co-Existence
- Protectorates and Protected States
- Federal States
- Sui Generis Territorial Entities
- Mandated and Trust Territories
- Germany 1945
- Condominium
- International Administration of Territories
- Taiwan
- The ‘Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus’ (TRNC)
- The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic
- Kosovo
- Palestine
- Various Secessionist Claimants
- Associations of States
- Conclusions
- Special Cases
- The Sovereign Order of Malta
- The Holy See and the Vatican City
- Insurgents and Belligerents
- International Public Companies
- Transnational Corporations
- The Right of All Peoples to Self-Determination
- The Establishment of the Legal Right
- The Definition of Self-Determination
- Individuals
- International Organisations
- The Acquisition, Nature and Consequences of Legal Personality – Some Conclusions
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 6 The International Protection of Human Rights
- The Nature of Human Rights
- The Development of International Human Rights Law
- Some Basic Principles
- Domestic Jurisdiction
- The Rule on the Exhaustion of Domestic (or Local) Remedies
- Priorities of Rights
- The COVID-19 Crisis
- Customary International Law and Human Rights
- The UN System – General
- The Protection of the Collective Rights of Groups and Individuals
- Prohibition of Discrimination
- The Principle of Self-Determination as a Human Right
- The Protection of Minorities
- The UN System – Implementation
- Political Bodies
- Expert Bodies Established by UN Organs
- The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Expert Bodies Established under Particular Treaties
- The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- The Human Rights Committee
- The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- The Committee against Torture
- The Committee on the Rights of the Child
- The Committee on the Protection of Migrant Workers
- The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- The Committee on Enforced Disappearances
- Conclusions
- The Regional Protection of Human Rights
- Europe
- The European Convention on Human Rights
- The Convention System
- The European Social Charter
- The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishm
- The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
- The European Union
- The OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe)
- The CIS Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
- The Inter-American Convention on Human Rights
- The Banjul Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 7 Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Law
- International Criminal Courts and Tribunals
- The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
- The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
- The Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals
- The International Criminal Court (ICC)
- Hybrid Courts and Other Internationalised Domestic Courts and Tribunals
- The Special Court for Sierra Leone
- Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
- Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor’s Office
- East Timor Special Panels for Serious Crimes
- The Bosnia War Crimes Chamber
- The Special Tribunal for Lebanon
- The Iraqi High Tribunal
- The Serbian War Crimes Departments
- International Crimes
- Genocide
- Prohibition of Genocide
- War Crimes
- Crimes against Humanity
- Aggression
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 8 Recognition
- Recognition of States
- Recognition of Governments
- De Facto and de Jure Recognition
- Premature Recognition
- Implied Recognition
- Conditional Recognition
- Collective Recognition
- Withdrawal of Recognition
- Non-Recognition
- The Legal Effects of Recognition
- Internationally
- Internally
- The United Kingdom
- The United States
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 9 Territory
- The Concept of Territory in International Law
- Territorial Sovereignty
- The Acquisition of Additional Territory
- Boundary Treaties and Boundary Awards
- Accretion
- Cession
- Conquest and the Use of Force
- The Exercise of Effective Control
- Intertemporal Law
- Critical Date
- Sovereign Activities (Effectivités)
- The Role of Subsequent Conduct: Recognition, Acquiescence and Estoppel
- Conclusions
- Territorial Integrity, Self-Determination and Sundry Claims
- The Doctrine of Uti Possidetis
- Beyond Uti Possidetis
- International Boundary Rivers
- ‘The Common Heritage of Mankind’
- The Polar Regions
- Leases and Servitudes
- The Law of Outer Space
- The Definition and Delimitation of Outer Space
- The Legal Regime of Outer Space
- Military Uses of Outer Space
- The Question of Responsibility
- Assistance
- The Moon Treaty
- The Future
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 10 The Law of the Sea
- The Territorial Sea
- Internal Waters
- Baselines
- Bays
- Islands
- Archipelagic States
- The Width of the Territorial Sea
- The Juridical Nature of the Territorial Sea
- The Right of Innocent Passage
- Jurisdiction over Foreign Ships
- International Straits
- The Contiguous Zone
- The Exclusive Economic Zone
- The Continental Shelf
- Definition
- The Rights and Duties of the Coastal State
- Maritime Delimitation
- Conclusion
- Landlocked States
- The High Seas
- Jurisdiction on the High Seas
- Exceptions to the Exclusivity of Flag-State Jurisdiction
- Right of Visit
- Piracy
- The Slave Trade
- Unauthorised Broadcasting
- Hot Pursuit
- Collisions
- Treaty Rights and Agreements
- Pollution
- Straddling Stocks
- The International Seabed
- Introduction
- The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention (Part XI)
- The Reciprocating States Regime
- The 1994 Agreement on Implementation of the Seabed Provisions of the Convention on the Law of the Se
- The International Seabed Authority
- Settlement of Disputes
- The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 11 Jurisdiction
- The Principle of Domestic Jurisdiction
- Legislative, Executive and Judicial Jurisdiction
- Civil Jurisdiction
- Criminal Jurisdiction
- The Territorial Principle
- The Nationality Principle
- The Passive Personality Principle
- The Protective Principle
- The Universality Principle
- War Crimes, Crimes against Peace and Crimes against Humanity
- Treaties Providing for Jurisdiction
- Illegal Apprehension of Suspects and the Exercise of Jurisdiction
- The US Alien Tort Statute
- Extradition
- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 12 Immunities from Jurisdiction
- Sovereign Immunity
- The Absolute Immunity Approach
- The Restrictive Approach
- Sovereign and Non-Sovereign Acts
- State Immunity and Violations of Human Rights
- Commercial Acts
- Contracts of Employment
- Other Non-Immunity Areas
- The Personality Issue – Instrumentalities and Parts of the State
- The Personality Issue – Immunity for Senior Government Figures
- Waiver of Immunity
- Pre-Judgment Attachment
- Immunity from Execution
- The Burden and Standard of Proof
- Diplomatic Law
- The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961
- The Inviolability of the Premises of the Mission
- The Diplomatic Bag
- Diplomatic Immunities – Property
- Diplomatic Immunities – Personal
- Waiver of Immunity
- Consular Privileges and Immunities: The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963
- The Convention on Special Missions 1969
- The Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organiza
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 13 State Responsibility
- The Nature of State Responsibility
- The Question of Fault
- Attribution
- Ultra vires acts
- State Control and Responsibility
- Mob Violence, Insurrections and Civil Wars
- Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness
- Invocation of State Responsibility
- The Consequences of Internationally Wrongful Acts
- Cessation
- Reparation
- Serious Breaches of Peremptory Norms (Jus Cogens)
- Diplomatic Protection and Nationality of Claims
- The Exhaustion of Local Remedies
- The Treatment of Aliens
- The Relevant Standard of Treatment
- The Protection of Foreign Property and Investments
- The Property Question
- The Nature of Expropriation
- Public Purposes
- Non-Discrimination
- Compensation
- Bilateral Investment Treaties
- The Intra-EU BIT Agreement
- Lump-Sum Agreements
- The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- The Responsibility of States for Cyber Activities
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 14 International Environmental Law
- State Responsibility and the Environment
- The Basic Duty of States
- The Appropriate Standard
- Damage Caused
- Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities
- International Cooperation – Relevant Principles
- Use of Territory
- Environmental Impact Assessments
- The Precautionary Principle
- Sustainable Development
- The Polluter Pays
- Atmospheric Pollution
- Climate Change
- Outer Space
- International Watercourses
- Ultra-Hazardous Activities
- Nuclear Activities
- The Provision of Information
- The Provision of Assistance
- Nuclear Safety
- Civil Liability
- Hazardous Wastes
- Marine Pollution
- Pollution from Ships
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 15 The Law of Treaties
- The Making of Treaties
- Formalities
- Consent
- Consent by Signature
- Consent by Exchange of Instruments
- Consent by Ratification
- Consent by Accession
- Reservations to Treaties
- Entry into Force of Treaties
- The Application of Treaties
- Third States
- The Amendment and Modification of Treaties
- Treaty Interpretation
- Invalidity, Termination and Suspension of the Operation of Treaties
- General Provisions
- Invalidity of Treaties
- Municipal Law
- Error
- Fraud and Corruption
- Coercion
- Jus Cogens
- Consequences of Invalidity
- The Termination of Treaties
- Termination by Treaty Provision or Consent
- Material Breach
- Supervening Impossibility of Performance
- Fundamental Change of Circumstances
- Dispute Settlement
- Treaties between States and International Organisations
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 16 State Succession
- Continuity and Succession
- Succession to Treaties
- Categories of Treaties: Territorial, Political and Other Treaties
- Succession to Treaties Generally
- Absorption and Merger
- Cession of Territory from One State to Another
- Separation from an Existing State to Form a New State or States
- ‘Newly Independent States’
- Dissolution of States
- International Human Rights Treaties
- Succession with Respect to Matters Other Than Treaties
- Membership of International Organisations
- Succession to Assets and Debts
- State Property
- State Archives
- Public Debt
- Private Rights
- State Succession and Nationality
- State Succession and Responsibility
- Coda: Hong Kong
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 17 The Settlement of Disputes by Peaceful Means
- Diplomatic Methods of Dispute Settlement
- Negotiation
- Good Offices and Mediation
- Inquiry
- Conciliation
- International Institutions and Dispute Settlement
- Regional Organisations
- The African Union (Formerly the Organisation of African Unity)
- The Organization of American States
- The Arab League
- Europe
- Specialised Agencies
- The Settlement of International Economic Disputes
- Binding Methods of Inter-State Dispute Settlement
- Arbitration
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 18 The International Court of Justice
- The Organisation of the Court
- The Jurisdiction of the Court
- General
- The Nature of a Legal Dispute
- Contentious Jurisdiction
- Article 36(1)
- Article 36(2)
- Sources of Law, Propriety and Legal Interest
- Evidence
- Provisional Measures
- Joinder of Cases
- Counter-Claims
- Third-Party Intervention
- Remedies
- Enforcement
- Application for Interpretation of a Judgment
- Application for Revision of a Judgment
- Examination of a Situation after the Judgment
- The Advisory Jurisdiction of the Court
- The Role of the Court
- Proliferation of Courts and Tribunals
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 19 International Law and the Use of Force by States
- Law and Force from the ‘Just War’ to the United Nations
- The UN Charter
- ‘Force’
- ‘Against the Territorial Integrity or Political Independence of Any State’
- Categories of Compulsion
- Retorsion
- Reprisals
- The Right of Self-Defence
- The Protection of Nationals Abroad
- Conclusions
- Collective Self-Defence
- Intervention
- Civil Wars
- Aid to the Authorities of a State
- Aid to Rebels
- Humanitarian Intervention
- Terrorism and International Law
- Cyber Warfare and International Law: Part I The Use of Force
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 20 International Humanitarian Law
- Development
- The Scope of Protection under International Humanitarian Law
- The Wounded and Sick
- Prisoners of War
- Protection of Civilians and Occupation
- International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law
- The Conduct of Hostilities
- Armed Conflicts: International and Internal
- Non-International Armed Conflict
- Cyber Warfare and International Law: Part II The Conduct of Hostilities
- Enforcement of Humanitarian Law
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 21 The United Nations
- The UN System
- The Security Council
- The General Assembly
- Other Principal Organs
- The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
- The League of Nations
- The UN System
- The Security Council
- The General Assembly
- The Secretary-General
- Peacekeeping and Observer Missions
- Conclusion
- The Collective Security System
- The Security Council
- Determination of the Situation
- Chapter VII Measures
- Measures Not Involving the Use of Force
- Targeted Sanctions and Human Rights
- Measures Involving the Use of Force
- Implied Authorisation
- Responsibility to Protect and Humanitarian Intervention by the United Nations
- The Use of Force in Non-Enforcement Situations
- Former Yugoslavia
- Somalia
- The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Sudan
- The Range of UN Actions from Humanitarian Assistance to Enforcement – Conclusions
- The Security Council, International Law and the International Court of Justice
- The Role of the General Assembly
- The UN and Regional Arrangements and Agencies
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- 22 International Organisations
- Introduction
- Some Legal Aspects of International Organisations
- Personality
- The Constituent Instruments
- The Powers of International Organisations
- The Applicable Law
- The Responsibility of International Organisations
- Liability of Member States
- The Accountability of International Organisations
- Privileges and Immunities
- Withdrawal
- Dissolution
- Succession
- Suggestions for Further Reading
- Index
Malcolm N. Shaw, QC, is a practising barrister at Essex Court Chambers and Senior Fellow at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at Cambridge University. He is Emeritus Sir Robert Jennings Professor of International Law at Leicester University. One of the world’s leading international lawyers, he is an Associé of the Institut de Droit International, former Trustee of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law and a founding member of Curatorium of the Xiamen Academy of International Law, China.
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