Hydraulic Rig Technology and Operations 1st Edition by Les Skinner, ISBN-13: 978-0128173527

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Hydraulic Rig Technology and Operations 1st Edition by Les Skinner, ISBN-13: 978-0128173527

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• Publisher: ‎ Gulf Professional Publishing; 1st edition (December 28, 2018)
• Language: ‎ English
• 555 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0128173521
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0128173527

Gives readers a deeper understanding of the principles, operations and future applications of hydraulic rig operations.

Hydraulic Rig Technology and Operations delivers the full spectrum of topics critical to running a hydraulic rig. Also referred to as a snubbing unit, this single product covers all the specific specialties and knowledge needed to keep production going, from their history, to components and equipment. Also included are the practical calculations, uses, drilling examples, and technology used today. Supported by definitions, seal materials and shapes, and Q&A sections within chapters, this book gives drilling engineers the answers they need to effectively run and manage hydraulic rigs from anywhere in the world.

Table of Contents:

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter 1: History of Snubbing

1.1. Background and Definition

1.2. Early Development

1.2.1. Townsend Patent-1924

1.2.2. Otis Patent-1929

1.2.3. Minor Patent-1929

1.3. Early Snubbing Experience

1.3.1. Kettleman Hills Field-1931

1.3.2. Managed Pressure Drilling-1933

1.3.3. Pressured Completions-1929-1974

1.4. Recent Developments

1.4.1. All Hydraulic Units

1.4.2. Combination Hydraulic/Mechanical Units

1.4.3. Snub Drilling Unit

1.4.4. Miniaturized Rig-Assist Units

Chapter 1 Quiz

Bibliography

Chapter 2: Snubbing Unit Components

2.1. Introduction

2.1.1. Naming Conventions

2.1.2. Common Component Descriptions

2.2. Conventional Snubbing Unit

2.2.1. Traveling Snubbers

2.2.2. Snubbing Line

2.2.3. Counterweight Cables and Sheaves

2.2.4. Stationary Sheaves and Work Floor

2.2.5. Stationary Snubbers

2.3. Hydraulic Snubbing Unit

2.3.1. Traveling Frame or Head

2.3.2. Traveling Slips

2.3.3. Work Basket

2.3.4. Control Console

2.3.5. Jib (Mast)

2.3.6. Hydraulic Jacks

2.3.7. Telescoping Pipe Guide

2.3.8. Base

2.3.9. Stationary Slips

2.3.10. Work Window

2.3.11. Snubbing BOPs (Strippers)

2.3.12. Equalizing Loop

2.3.13. Guy Lines

2.3.14. Power-Pack

2.3.15. BOP Accumulator and Remote Controls

2.4. Hydraulic Rig-Assist Snubbing Units

2.4.1. Hydraulic Jacks

2.4.2. Traveling Head

2.4.3. Jib

2.4.4. Work Basket

2.4.5. Work Window

2.4.6. Safety BOPs

2.4.7. Equalizing Circuit

2.4.8. Power-Pack

2.4.9. Guy Lines and Anchors

2.5. Hydraulic Workover Units

2.6. Hydraulic Drilling Rigs

2.7. Push-Pull Units

Chapter 2 Quiz

Bibliography

Chapter 3: Hydraulic Unit Equipment Features

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Hydraulic Jacks

3.2.1. Basic Theory

3.2.2. Concentric Snubbing Unit

3.2.3. Snubbing Unit Sizes

3.2.4. Piston/Cylinder Sealing

3.2.4.1. Piston Wear Sleeves (Wear Guides)

3.2.4.2. Piston Seals

3.2.5. Rod Seals

3.2.5.1. Rod Wear Sleeve (Wear Guide)

3.2.5.2. Rod Seals

3.2.6. Cylinder Damage and Repair

3.2.6.1. Honing

3.2.6.2. Replating

3.2.6.3. Exterior Coating

3.2.6.4. Ovality Issues

3.2.7. Rod Damage and Repair

3.2.7.1. Straightening

3.2.7.2. Honing/Grinding

3.2.7.3. Replating

3.2.7.4. Cladding

3.2.7.5. Replacement

3.2.7.6. Twisted Unit

3.2.8. Jack Configuration

3.3. Traveling Head

3.3.1. Jack Plate

3.3.2. Hydraulic Rotary Table

3.3.3. In-Line Power Tongs

3.4. Slips

3.5. Snubbing BOPs

3.5.1. Stripping Head

3.5.2. Annular Preventer

3.5.3. Snubbing BOPs

3.5.4. Ram-to-Ram Snubbing

3.6. Equalizing Loop

3.6.1. Configuration

3.6.2. Operation During Snubbing

3.6.2.1. Snubbing in the Hole

3.6.2.2. Snubbing/Stripping Out of the Hole

3.6.2.3. Reversing Direction

3.7. Power-Pack

3.7.1. Hydraulic Pump

3.7.1.1. Hydraulic Pump Flowrate

3.7.1.2. Snubbing Unit Speed

3.7.1.3. Parasitic Devices

3.7.1.4. Pump Pressure

3.7.2. Prime Mover

3.7.3. Instrumentation

3.7.4. Power Fluid Maintenance

3.7.4.1. Hydraulic Fluid

3.7.4.2. Hydraulic Fluid Cooler

3.7.4.3. Hydraulic Fluid Reservoir

3.7.4.4. Hydraulic Fluid Filtering and Polishing

3.7.4.5. Hose Systems

3.8. Snubbing Unit Controls

3.8.1. Control Panels-Standalone Units

3.8.1.1. Gauges

3.8.1.2. Jack Operating Panel

3.8.1.3. Remote BOP Control Panel

3.8.1.4. Counterbalance Control Panel

3.8.1.5. Auxiliary Panels

3.8.2. Control Panels-Rig-Assist Units

3.8.2.1. Jack Control Panel

3.8.2.2. BOP Panel

3.8.2.3. Counterbalance Panel

3.8.3. Control Panels-HWO Units

3.8.4. Control Panels-Push-Pull Units

3.8.5. Power Tong Controls

3.8.6. Data Acquisition Systems

3.9. Vertical Pipe Racking Systems

3.9.1. Basket-Connected Fingerboards

3.9.2. Basket-Attached Structure

3.9.3. Free-Standing Rack

3.10. Work Basket Emergency Escape Devices

3.10.1. Escape Rope

3.10.2. Geronimo Line

3.10.3. Controlled Descent Device

3.10.4. Escape Pod

3.10.5. Slide

3.11. Remotely-Controlled Snubbing Units

Chapter 3 Quiz 1

Chapter 3 Quiz 2

Chapter 3 Quiz 3

Bibliography

Chapter 4: Snubbing Theory and Calculations

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Snubbing Forces

4.2.1. Expulsion Force

4.2.2. Pipe Weight

4.2.2.1. Gas-Filled Well

4.2.2.2. Fluid-Filled Well

4.2.3. Neutral Point

4.2.4. Friction

4.2.4.1. Snubbing BOPs

4.2.4.2. Pipe-on-Wall Friction

Vertical Hole Sections

Curved Hole Sections

Integral-Joint Pipe

Change in Deviation

Change in Azimuth

Effective Normal Force

Friction

Pipe With Upset Ends

Inclined Hole Sections

Integral-Joint Pipe

Pipe With Upset Ends

Horizontal Hole Sections

Integral Joint Pipe

Pipe With Upset Ends

4.3. Buckling

4.3.1. Stress/Strain Behavior

4.3.2. Failure Modes

4.3.3. Unconstrained Buckling

4.3.3.1. Moment of Inertia

4.3.3.2. Slenderness Ratio

4.3.3.3. Radius of Gyration

4.3.3.4. Effective Slenderness Ratio Calculations

4.3.3.5. Critical Unconstrained Buckling Force

4.3.3.6. Unsupported Length

4.3.4. Constrained buckling

4.3.4.1. Sinusoidal buckling

Straight Hole Segments

Vertical Holes

Inclined Holes

Horizontal Holes

Curved Hole Segments

4.3.4.2. Helical Buckling

Straight Hole Segments

Vertical Holes

Vertical Holes With Doglegs

Inclined Holes

Horizontal Holes

Curved Hole Segments

4.3.5. Factors Impacting Buckling

4.3.5.1. External Upset Connections

4.3.5.2. Internal Pressure

4.3.5.3. Applied Torque

4.3.5.4. Bottom-Hole Temperature

4.3.6. Pipe-on-Wall Friction Due to Buckling

4.3.6.1. Sinusoidal Buckling Friction

4.3.6.2. Helical Buckling Friction

Straight Vertical Holes

Straight Inclined Holes

Curved Holes

Horizontal Holes

4.3.7. Transition Intervals

4.3.8. Triaxial Stress Analysis

4.3.8.1. Axial Stress

4.3.8.2. Radial Stress

4.3.8.3. Hoop Stress

4.3.8.4. Torsional Stress

4.3.8.5. von Mises Yield Criterion

Chapter 4 Quiz 1

Sections 4.1-4.2

Chapter 4 Quiz 2

Sections 4.3.1-4.3.3

Chapter 4 Quiz 3

Sections 4.3.4-4.3.8

Bibliography

Chapter 5: Oil Field Uses of Hydraulic Rigs

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Well Control-Snubbing

5.2.1. Barriers

5.2.2. Kick Control

5.2.3. Blowout Control

5.2.3.1. Kill String Installation

Dynamic Kill

Circulating Kill

Lost Circulation Solutions

Lost circulation pills

Gunk squeezes

Barite plugs

Cement squeezes

5.2.3.2. Kill String Cleanouts

5.2.3.3. Relief Wells

5.3. Live Well Operations

5.3.1. Casing/Liner Installation

5.3.1.1. Large-Diameter Casing

Expulsion Force

Snubbing BOPs

Friction

Jib and Winch Capacity

Other Considerations

5.3.1.2. Small-Diameter Casing/Liners

Casing Equipment

External Casing Attachments

External Wireline, Cable and Power Lines

5.3.2. Production Tubing Installation

5.3.2.1. Hole Preparation

5.3.2.2. Open Holes

Open Hole Cleanup

Cased Hole Cleanup

Sand Control Equipment/Preperforated Liners

5.3.2.3. Cased Holes

Cased Hole Perforating

Sand Cleanout

Cement Squeezing and Cleanout

5.3.2.4. Packer Fluid Placement

5.3.2.5. Tubing Hanger Landing

5.3.2.6. Initiating Production

5.3.3. Recompletions

5.3.3.1. Abandoned Wells

5.3.3.2. Shut-In Wells

5.3.3.3. Producing Wells/Active Service Wells

5.3.3.4. Sidetracks

5.3.4. Live Well Workovers

5.3.4.1. Downhole Equipment Replacement/Repair

Casing Repairs

Fishing

5.3.4.2. Production Restoration

Paraffin Removal

Scale

Sand

5.3.4.3. Production Stimulation

Well Preparation

Acid Stimulation

Fracturing

5.4. Well Control-HWO Units

5.4.1. Barriers

5.4.2. Kick Control

5.5. Dead Well Operations

5.5.1. HWO v. Snubbing Unit Selection

5.5.2. Dead Well Workovers

5.6. Mobilization, Rig Up and Crew Support

5.6.1. Onshore Mobilization

5.6.2. Offshore Mobilization

5.6.2.1. Guy Lines

Bottom-Supported Vessel

Keyway Barge

Spud Barge

Posted Barge

Outriggers

5.6.2.2. Special Vessels

5.6.3. Crew Support

5.6.3.1. Transportation

5.6.3.2. Housing

5.6.3.3. Messing

5.6.3.4. Supervision

5.6.3.5. HSE Support

5.6.3.6. Crew Handover

5.6.4. Morning Report

5.7. Special Uses

5.7.1. Motion-Compensate Well Work

5.7.2. Production Riser Installation

5.7.3. Pipeline/Flowline Cleanouts

5.7.4. Storage Cavern Work

5.7.5. ESP Installations

Chapter 5 Quiz 1

Chapter 5 Quiz 2

Chapter 5 Quiz 3

Bibliography

Chapter 6: Hydraulic Rig Drilling

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Hydraulic Drilling Operations

6.2.1. Pipe Handling

6.2.2. Drill String Rotation

6.2.3. Drilling Fluid System

6.2.4. Crews, Support and Supervision

6.2.4.1. Crew Training and Experience

6.2.4.2. Crew Size

6.2.4.3. Housing and Messing

6.2.4.4. HSE Support

6.2.4.5. Communications

6.2.4.6. Crew Rotation

6.2.4.7. Crewmember Compensation

6.2.5. Transportation and Rig-up

6.2.5.1. Onshore

6.2.5.2. Offshore

6.2.5.3. Inshore

6.2.6. Initial Wellbore Assessment

6.2.6.1. New Wells

6.2.6.2. Existing Wells

6.2.7. Hydraulic Drilling Unit and Equipment Layout

6.2.7.1. Onshore

6.2.7.2. Offshore

6.2.7.3. Inshore

6.3. Advantages of Hydraulic Unit Drilling

6.3.1. Equipment Spread Size

6.3.2. Crew Size and Support

6.3.3. Fine Drilling Control

6.3.4. Continuous Annular Pressure Control

6.3.5. Weight and Load Management

6.3.6. Completion With Snubbing or HWO Unit

6.4. Disadvantages of Hydraulic Unit Drilling

6.4.1. Tripping Speeds

6.4.2. Drilling and Casing Large-Diameter Holes

6.4.3. Reduced Penetration Rate

6.4.4. Tall Stacks

6.4.5. Crew Safety

6.5. Combination Rigs

6.6. Rig Selection

6.6.1. Fit for Purpose

6.6.2. Mobilization

6.6.3. Daily Drilling Spread Cost

6.6.4. Rig Availability

6.6.5. Crew Availability and Experience

6.6.6. Rig Selection by Hole Section

6.7. Summary

Chapter 6 Quiz

Bibliography

Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations

Appendix B: Glossary

Appendix C: Seal Materials and Elastomers

C.1. Nitrile (Buna-N, NBR)

C.1.1. Heat Resistance

C.1.2. Cold Flexibility

C.1.3. Chemical Resistance

C.1.4. Not Compatible With the Following

C.2. EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene, EPD, M-designation)

C.2.1. Heat Resistance

C.2.2. Cold Flexibility

C.2.3. Chemical Resistance

C.2.4. Not Compatible With the Following

C.3. Neoprene (Polychloroprene, CR)

C.3.1. Heat Resistance

C.3.2. Cold Flexibility

C.3.3. Chemical Resistance

C.3.4. Limited Compatibility

C.3.5. Not Compatible With the Following

C.4. Silicone (VMQ)

C.4.1. Heat Resistance

C.4.2. Cold Flexibility

C.4.3. Chemical Resistance

C.4.4. Not Compatible With the Following

C.5. Viton (Fluorocarbon, FKM)

C.5.1. Heat Resistance

C.5.2. Cold Flexibility

C.5.3. Chemical Resistance

C.5.4. Not Compatible With the Following

C.6. Polyurethane (AU, EU)

C.6.1. Heat Resistance

C.6.2. Cold Flexibility

C.6.3. Chemical Resistance

C.6.4. Not Compatible With the Following

C.7. Fluorosilicone (FVMQ)

C.7.1. Heat Resistance

C.7.2. Cold Flexibility

C.7.3. Chemical Resistance

C.8. Aflas (Tetrafluoroethylene Propylene, FEPM)

C.8.1. Heat Resistance

C.8.2. Cold Flexibility

C.8.3. Compatible With the Following

C.8.4. Not Compatible With the Following

C.9. Kalrez (Perfluoroelastomer, FFKM)

C.9.1. Heat Resistance

C.9.2. Cold Flexibility

C.9.3. Chemical Resistance

C.9.4. Not Compatible With the Following

Appendix D: Seal Types and Shapes

Appendix E: Answer Keys for All Chapter Quizzes

Chapter 1

Chapter Quiz Answer Key

Chapter 2

Chapter Quiz Answer Key

Chapter 3

Chapter Quiz 1 Answer Key

Sections 3.1-3.2

Chapter 3

Chapter Quiz 2 Answer Key

Sections 3.3-3.5

Chapter 3

Chapter Quiz 3 Answer Key

Sections 3.6-3.9

Chapter 4

Chapter Quiz 1 Answer Key

Sections 4.1-4.2

Chapter 4

Chapter Quiz 2 Answer Key

Sections 4.3.1-4.3.3

Chapter 4

Chapter Quiz 3 Answer Key

Sections 4.3.4-4.3.6

Chapter 5

Chapter Quiz 1 Answer Key

Sections 5.1-5.2

Chapter 5

Chapter Quiz 2 Answer Key

Section 5.3

Chapter 5

Chapter Quiz 3 Answer Key

Sections 5.4-5.7

Chapter 6

Chapter Quiz Answer Key

Index

Back Cover

Les Skinner graduated in 1972 with a BS in Chemical Engineering from Texas Tech University. He is a PE who has worked in the petroleum industry for 50 years. Les has written numerous articles for industry publications and authored three full-length books through the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)’s Technical Publications Committee. These include Coiled Tubing Operations (IADC, 2016), Hydraulic Rig Technology and Operations (Elsevier, 2019), Well Integrity for Workovers and Recompletions (Elsevier, 2021) and Well Integrity for Abandoned Well Re-entries (2024).

Les is a member of several professional societies and associations including SPE, ICoTA, AIChE, AADE, IADC and others. He is also a member of multiple industry committees including the API Recommended Practice 1170/1171, RP 90-1 revision committee (which he chaired for five years), and the ISO 16530 revision team. He is currently on the Steering Committee for AADE’s Innovative and Emerging Technology group and ICoTA’s Technical Committee

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