Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry 1st Edition by Pedro Andreo, ISBN-13: 978-3527409211

Description

Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry 1st Edition by Pedro Andreo, ISBN-13: 978-3527409211

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Wiley-VCH; 1st edition (August 28, 2017)
• Language: ‎ English
• 1000 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 3527409211
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-3527409211

For senior undergraduate- or graduate-level students and professionals.

A new, comprehensively updated edition of the acclaimed textbook by F.H. Attix (Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry) taking into account the substantial developments in dosimetry since its first edition. This monograph covers charged and uncharged particle interactions at a level consistent with the advanced use of the Monte Carlo method in dosimetry; radiation quantities, macroscopic behaviour and the characterization of radiation fields and beams are covered in detail. A number of chapters include addenda presenting derivations and discussions that offer new insight into established dosimetric principles and concepts. The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors. Chapters on applications include reference dosimetry for standard and small fields in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures, dosimetry of unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources, and neutron beam dosimetry. The topics are presented in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence and the text is supplemented by numerous illustrative diagrams, tables and appendices.

Table of Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Quantities and Symbols1

Roman letter symbols

Greek letter symbols

Mathematical symbols

Acronyms

Chapter 1: Background and Essentials

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Types and Sources of Ionizing Radiation

1.3 Consequences of the Random Nature of Radiation

1.4 Interaction Cross Sections

1.5 Kinematic Relativistic Expressions

1.6 Atomic Relaxations

1.7 Evaluation of Uncertainties

Exercises

Chapter 2: Charged-Particle Interactions with Matter

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Types of Charged-Particle Interactions

2.3 Elastic Scattering

2.4 Inelastic Scattering and Energy Loss

2.5 Radiative Energy Loss: Bremsstrahlung

2.6 Total Stopping Power

2.7 Range of Charged Particles

2.8 Number and Energy Distributions of Secondary Particles

2.9 Nuclear Stopping Power and Interactions by Heavy Charged Particles

2.10 The W-Value (Mean Energy to Create an Ion Pair)

2.11 Addendum – Derivation of Expressions for the Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Heavy Charged Particles

Exercises

Chapter 3: Uncharged-Particle Interactions with Matter

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Photon Interactions with Matter

3.3 Photoelectric Effect

3.4 Thomson Scattering

3.5 Rayleigh Scattering (Coherent Scattering)

3.6 Compton Scattering (Incoherent Scattering)

3.7 Pair Production and Triplet Production

3.8 Positron Annihilation

3.9 Photonuclear Interactions

3.10 Photon Interaction Coefficients

3.11 Neutron Interactions

Exercises

Chapter 4: Field and Dosimetric Quantities, Radiation Equilibrium – Definitions and Inter-Relations

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Stochastic and Non-stochastic Quantities

4.3 Radiation Field Quantities and Units

4.4 Distributions of Field Quantities

4.5 Quantities Describing Radiation Interactions

4.6 Dosimetric Quantities

4.7 Relationships Between Field and Dosimetric Quantities

4.8 Radiation Equilibrium (RE)

4.9 Charged-Particle Equilibrium (CPE)

4.10 Partial Charged-Particle Equilibrium (PCPE)

4.11 Summary of the Inter-Relations between Fluence, Kerma, Cema, and Dose

4.12 Addendum – Example Calculations of (Net) Energy Transferred and Imparted

Exercises

Chapter 5: Elementary Aspects of the Attenuation of Uncharged Particles

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Exponential Attenuation

5.3 Narrow-Beam Attenuation

5.4 Broad-Beam Attenuation

5.5 Spectral Effects

5.6 The Build-up Factor

5.7 Divergent Beams – The Inverse Square Law

5.8 The Scaling Theorem

Exercises

Chapter 6: Macroscopic Aspects of the Transport of Radiation Through Matter

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Radiation Transport Equation Formalism

6.3 Introduction to Monte Carlo Derived Distributions

6.4 Electron Beam Distributions

6.5 Protons and Heavier Charged-Particle Beam Distributions

6.6 Photon Beam Distributions

6.7 Neutron Beam Distributions

Exercises

Chapter 7: Characterization of Radiation Quality

7.1 Introduction

7.2 General Aspects of Radiation Spectra. Mean Energy

7.3 Beam Quality Specification for Kilovoltage x-ray Beams

7.4 Megavoltage Photon Beam Quality Specification

7.5 High-Energy Electron Beam Quality Specification

7.6 Beam Quality Specification of Protons and Heavier Charged Particles

7.7 Energy Spectra Determination

Exercises

Chapter 8: The Monte Carlo Simulation of the Transport of Radiation Through Matter

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Basics of the Monte Carlo Method (MCM)

8.3 Simulation of Radiation Transport

8.4 Monte Carlo Codes and Systems in the Public Domain

8.5 Monte Carlo Applications in Radiation Dosimetry

8.6 Other Monte Carlo Developments

Exercises

Chapter 9: Cavity Theory

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Cavities That Are Small Compared to Secondary Electron Ranges

9.3 Stopping-Power Ratios

9.4 Cavities That Are Large Compared to Electron Ranges

9.5 General or Burlin Cavity Theory

9.6 The Fano Theorem

9.7 Practical Detectors: Deviations from ‘Ideal’ Cavity Theory Conditions

9.8 Summary and Validation of Cavity Theory

Exercises

Chapter 10: Overview of Radiation Detectors and Measurements

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Detector Response and Calibration Coefficient

10.3 Absolute, Reference, and Relative Dosimetry

10.4 General Characteristics and Desirable Properties of Detectors

10.5 Brief Description of Various Types of Detectors

10.6 Addendum – The Role of the Density Effect and I-Values in the Medium-to-Water Stopping-Power Ratio

Exercises

Chapter 11: Primary Radiation Standards

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Free-Air Ionization Chambers

11.3 Primary Cavity Ionization Chambers

11.4 Absorbed-Dose Calorimeters

11.5 Fricke Chemical Dosimeter

11.6 International Framework for Traceability in Radiation Dosimetry

11.7 Addendum – Experimental Derivation of Fundamental Dosimetric Quantities

Exercises

Chapter 12: Ionization Chambers

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Types of Ionization Chamber

12.3 Measurement of Ionization Current

12.4 Ion Recombination

12.5 Addendum – Air Humidity in Dosimetry

Exercises

Chapter 13: Chemical Dosimeters

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Radiation Chemistry in Water

13.3 Chemical Heat Defect

13.4 Ferrous Sulfate Dosimeters

13.5 Alanine Dosimetry

13.6 Film Dosimetry

13.7 Gel Dosimetry

Exercises

Chapter 14: Solid-State Detector Dosimetry

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Thermoluminescence Dosimetry

14.3 Optically-Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters

14.4 Scintillation Dosimetry

14.5 Semiconductor Detectors for Dosimetry

Exercises

Chapter 15: Reference Dosimetry for External Beam Radiation Therapy

15.1 Introduction

15.2 A Generalized Formalism

15.3 Practical Implementation of Formalisms

15.4 Quantities Entering into the Various Formalisms

15.5 Accuracy of Radiation Therapy Reference Dosimetry

15.6 Addendum–Perturbation Correction Factors

Exercises

Chapter 16: Dosimetry of Small and Composite Radiotherapy Photon Beams

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Overview

16.3 The Physics of Small Megavoltage Photon Beams

16.4 Dosimetry of Small Beams

16.5 Detectors for Small-Beam Dosimetry

16.6 Dosimetry of Composite Fields

16.7 Addendum—Measurement in Plastic Phantoms

Exercises

Chapter 17: Reference Dosimetry for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Specific Quantities and Units

17.3 Formalism for Reference Dosimetry

17.4 Quantities Entering into the Formalism

Exercises

Chapter 18: Absorbed Dose Determination for Radionuclides

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Radioactivity Quantities and Units

18.3 Dosimetry of Unsealed Radioactive Sources

18.4 Dosimetry of Sealed Radioactive Sources

18.5 Addendum–The Reciprocity Theorem for Unsealed Radionuclide Dosimetry

Exercises

Chapter 19: Neutron Dosimetry

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Neutron Interactions in Tissue and Tissue-Equivalent Materials

19.3 Neutron Sources

19.4 Principles of Mixed-Field Dosimetry

19.5 Neutron Detectors

19.6 Reference Dosimetry of Neutron Radiotherapy Beams

Exercises

Appendix A: Data Tables

A.1 Fundamental and Derived Physical Constants

A.2 Data of Elements

A.3 Data for Compounds and Mixtures

A.4 Atomic Binding Energies for Elements

A.5 Atomic Fluorescent X-ray Mean Energies and Yields for Elements

A.6 Interaction Data for Electrons and Positrons (Electronic Form)

A.9 Neutron Kerma Coefficients (Electronic Form)

References

Index

End User License Agreement

The four authors continuing the pioneering work of Frank Attix, Prof Pedro Andreo (Karolinska, Stockholm), Dr David T. Burns (BIPM, Paris), Prof Alan E. Nahum (University of Liverpool) and Prof Jan Seuntjens (McGill University, Montreal), are leading scientists in radiation dosimetry, having published between them more than 600 papers in the field. They have co-authored most of the existing national and international recommendations for radiotherapy dosimetry and received a number of international awards for their contributions

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