Domestication of Plants in the Old World by Daniel Zohary, ISBN-13: 978-0199688173
[PDF eBook eTextbook]
- Publisher: Oxford University Press; 4th edition (December 1, 2013)
- Language: English
- 264 pages
- ISBN-10: 0199688176
- ISBN-13: 978-0199688173
The origin of agriculture is one of the defining events of human history. Some 11-10,000 years ago bands of hunter-gatherers started to abandon their high-mobility lifestyles in favour of growing crops, and the creation of settled, sedentary communities. This shift into agricultural lifestyle triggered the evolution of complex political and economic structures, and technological developments, and ultimately underpinned the rise of all the great civilisations of recent human history.
Domestication of Plants in the Old World reviews and synthesises the information on the origins and domestication of cultivated plants in the Old World, and subsequently the spread of cultivation from southwest Asia into Asia, Europe, and North Africa, from the very earliest beginnings. This book is mainly based on detailed consideration of two lines of evidences: the plant remains found at archaeological sites, and the knowledge that has accumulated about the present-day wild relatives of domesticated plants. This new edition revises and updates previous data and incorporates the most recent findings from molecular biology about the genetic relations between domesticated plants and their wild ancestors, and incorporates extensive new archaeological data about the spread of agriculture within the region. The reference list has been completely updated, as have the list of archaeological sites and the site maps.
This is an advanced, research level text suitable for graduate level students and researchers in the fields of crop science, agriculture, archaeology, botanical archaeology, and plant biotechnology. It will also be of relevance and use to agricultural historians and anyone with a wider interest in the rise of civilisation in this region.
Table of Contents:
Contents
1 Current state of the art
Beginnings of domestication
Neolithic south-west Asian crop assemblage
Wild progenitors
The spread of south-west Asian crops
Availability of archaeological evidence
Early domestication outside the ‘core area’
Beginning and spread of horticulture
Vegetables
Weeds and crops
Migrants from other agricultural regions
2 Sources of evidence for the origin and spread of domesticated plants
Archaeological evidence
Evidence from the living plants
Radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology
3 Cereals
Wheats: Triticum
Einkorn wheat: Triticum monococcum
Emmer and durum-type wheats: Triticum turgidum
Bread wheat: Triticum aestivum
Timopheev’s wheat: Triticum timopheevii
Barley: Hordeum vulgare
Rye: Secale cereale
Common oat: Avena sativa
Broomcorn millet: Panicum miliaceum
Foxtail millet: Setaria italica
Latecomers: sorghum and rice
4 Pulses
Lentil: Lens culinaris
Pea: Pisum sativum
Chickpea: Cicer arietinum
Faba bean: Vicia faba
Bitter vetch: Vicia ervilia
Common vetch: Vicia sativa
Grass pea: Lathyrus sativus
Spanish vechling: Lathyrus clymenum
Fenugreek: Trigonella foenum-graecum
Lupins: Lupinus
5 Oil- and fibre-producing crops
Flax: Linum usitatissimum
Hemp: Cannabis sativa
Old World cottons: Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum
Poppy: Papaver somniferum
Gold of pleasure: Camelina sativa
Other cruciferous oil crops
Sesame: Sesamum indicum
6 Fruit trees and nuts
Olive: Olea europaea
Grapevine: Vitis vinifera
Fig: Ficus carica
Sycamore fig: Ficus sycomorus
Date palm: Phoenix dactylifera
Pomegranate: Punica granatum
Apple: Malus domestica
Pear: Pyrus communis
Plum: Prunus domestica
Cherries Prunus avium and P. cerasus
Latecomers: apricot, peach, and quince
Carob: Ceratonia siliqua
Citrus fruits
Almond: Amygdalus communis
Walnut: Juglans regia
Chestnut: Castanea sativa
Hazelnut: Corylus avellana
Pistachio: Pistacia vera
7 Vegetables and tubers
Watermelon: Citrullus lanatus
Melon Cucumis melo
Leek: Allium porrum
Garlic: Allium sativum
Onion: Allium cepa
Lettuce: Lactuca sativa
Chufa or rush nut: Cyperus esculentus
Cabbage: Brassica oleracea
Turnip: Brassica rapa
Beet: Beta vulgaris
Carrot: Daucus carota
Celery: Apium graveolens
Parsnip: Pastinaca sativa
Asparagus: Asparagus officinalis
8 Condiments
Coriander: Coriandrum sativum
Cumin and dill: Cuminum cyminum and Anethum graveolens
Black cumin: Nigella sativa
Saffron: Crocus sativus
9 Dye crops
Woad: lsatis tinctoria
Dyer’s rocket: Reseda luteola
Madder: Rubia tinctorum
True indigo: Indigofera tinctoria
Safflower: Carthamus tinctorius
10 Plant remains in representative archaeological sites
Iran
Iraq
Turkey
Syria
Israel and Jordan
Egypt
Libya
Morocco
Caucasia and Transcaucasia
Central Asia
Cyprus
Greece
Crete
Former Yugoslavia
Bulgaria
Rumania
Moldavia and Ukraine
Hungary
Austria
Italy
Poland
Czech Republic and Slovakia
Switzerland
Germany
The Netherlands
Belgium
Denmark
Sweden
Norway
Finland
Britain and Ireland
France
Spain
Portugal
Appendix A: Site orientation maps
Appendix B: Chronological chart for the main geographical regions mentioned in the book
Appendix C: Information on archaeological sites which appear on Map 2
References
Index
Daniel Zohary, Professor Emeritus, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel,Maria Hopf (deceased), Formerly Head of the Botany Department, Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz, Germany,Ehud Weiss, Senior Lecturer, Institute of Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
Daniel Zohary, Professor Emeritus, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
Maria Hopf, Formerly Head of the Botany Department, Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz, Germany [deceased]
Ehud Weiss, The Institute of Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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