Choices in Relationships 14th Edition by David Knox, ISBN-13: 978-1071870167

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Choices in Relationships 14th Edition by David Knox, ISBN-13: 978-1071870167

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ SAGE Publications, Inc; Fourteenth edition (April 4, 2023)
• Language: ‎ English
• 560 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1071870165
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1071870167

Choices in Relationships takes readers through the lifespan of relationships, marriages, and families, and utilizes research to help them make deliberate, informed choices in their interpersonal relationships. Drawing on extensive research, authors David Knox, Caroline Schacht, and I. Joyce Chang challenge students to think critically about the choice-making process, consider the consequences involved with choices, view situations in a positive light, and understand that not making a choice is a choice after all. The Fourteenth Edition features over 1000 new citations, increased emphasis and discussion of diversity and inclusion throughout each chapter, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals, couples, and families.

Table of Contents:

List of Boxes

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Chapter 1 Choices in Relationships: An Introduction to Marriage and the Family

Choices in Relationships—View of the Text

Facts About Choices in Relationships

Not to Decide Is to Decide

Action Must Follow a Choice

Choices Involve Trade-Offs

Some Choices Require Correction

Choices Include Selecting a Positive or a Negative View

Most Choices Are Revocable; Some Are Not

Choices About the Use of Technology

Choices Are Influenced by the Stage in the Family Life Cycle

Influence of Social and Cultural Forces on Choices

Globalization

Social Structure

Culture

Theories of Marriage and the Family

Social Exchange Framework

Family Life Course Development Framework

Structure-Function Framework

Conflict Framework

Feminist Framework

Symbolic Interaction Framework

Definition of the Situation

Looking-Glass Self

Family Systems Framework

Human Ecology Framework

Couple and Family Technology Framework

Marriage

Elements of Modern Marriage

Legal Contract

Emotional Connection

Sexual Monogamy

Legal Responsibility for Children

Public Announcement

Types of Marriage

Marriage—Then and Now

Family

Definitions of Family

Pets

Types of Families

Family of Origin

Family of Procreation

Nuclear, Binuclear, and Blended Families

Extended Family

Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Family

Differences Between Marriage and Family

Changes in Marriage and the Family in the Last 70 Years

The Process and Quality of Research

Steps in the Research Process

Quality Research

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 2 Love Relationships

Ways of Viewing Love

Romantic Love

Realistic Love

Triangular View of Love

Love Styles

Ludic

Pragma

Eros

Mania

Storge

Agape

Languages of Love

Social Control of Love

Theories on the Origins of Love

Evolutionary Theory

Learning Theory

Sociological Theory

Psychosexual Theory

Biochemical Theory

Falling in Love and Keeping Love Alive

Social Conditions for Love

Psychological Conditions for Love

Perception of Reciprocal Liking

Personality Qualities

Self-Esteem

Self-Disclosure

Physiological Condition of Love

Cognitive Condition for Love

“Right Time” Condition of Love

Technology and Love

Keeping Love Alive Across Time

Love Problems

Unrequited or Unreciprocated Love

Making Risky, Dangerous Choices

Difficulty in Maintaining a Romantic Relationship

Disapproval of Parents and Friends

Simultaneous Loves

Emotionally Abusive Relationships

Gaslighting

Romance Fraud

Profound Sadness and Depression When a Relationship Ends

Jealousy in Relationships

Types of Jealousy

Causes of Jealousy

External Causes

Internal Causes

Consequences of Jealousy

Desirable Outcomes

Undesirable Outcomes

Gender Differences in Coping With Jealousy

Polyamory

Advantages and Disadvantages of Polyamory

From Polyamory to Monogamy: One Person’s Experience

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 3 Gender Diversity and Relationships

Sex: M, F, or X?

The Multidimensional Spectrum of Sex

Intersex

Gender, Gender Identity, and Gender Role Variations

Androgyny

Gender Identity, Variations, and Pronouns

Gender Roles and Gender Ideology

Gender Socialization

Family

Peers

Religion

Mass Media

Gender Inequality and Socialization Outcomes

Inequality in Poverty Rates and Income

Occupational Sex Segregation

Education Gender Gap

Body Image Concerns and Dissatisfaction

Gender Imbalance in Political Leadership

Gender Gap in Life Expectancy and Health

“Toxic Masculinity”

Unequal Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms and Roles

Gender Equality as a Human Rights Issue

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 4 Singlehood, Cohabitation, and Living Apart Together

Singlehood

Categories of Singles

Never-Married Singles

Widowed Singles

Individuals Are Delaying Marriage

Benefits of Singlehood and Limitations of Marriage

Singlism

Hanging Out, Hooking Up, and Long Distance Relationships

Hanging Out

Hooking Up

Hookups That Transition to Romantic Relationships

Long-Distance Relationships

Cohabitation

Types of Cohabitation Relationships

Consequences of Cohabitation

Advantages of Cohabitation

Disadvantages of Cohabitation

Pregnancy as a Precursor to Cohabitation

Legal Aspects of Cohabitation

Common-Law Marriage

Child Support

Child Inheritance and Access to Parents After Breakup

Living Apart Together (LAT)

Advantages of LAT

Disadvantages of LAT

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 5 Selecting a Partner

Sociological Factors and Mate Selection

Sociological Factors Operative in Mate Selection

Race

Religion and Spirituality

Education

Family Rituals

Income

Social Class

Age

Dog Lover?

Open-Mindedness

Marital Status

Politics

Relationship Status: Poaching

Psychological Factors and Mate Selection

Complementary Needs Theory

Exchange Theory

Role Theory

Attachment Theory

Undesirable Personality Characteristics of a Potential Mate

Female Attraction to “Bad Boys”

Physical and Cultural Factors and Mate Selection

Physical Factors Operative in Mate Selection

Physical Attractiveness

Disability

Sexual Desire

Sociobiological Factors Operative in Mate Selection

Sociobiology

Criticisms of the Sociobiological Perspective

Cultural Factors Operative in Mate Selection

Endogamy

Exogamy

Finding a Partner Online Using Apps

Meeting Online—Advantages

Meeting Online—Disadvantages

Catfishing

Ghosting

Speed Dating

Stages Leading to Commitment

Having “The Talk”

Engagement

Premarital Counseling

Different Levels of Attraction, Love, and Commitment

Visiting Your Partner’s Parents

Prenuptial Agreement

Important Considerations Before You Say “I Do”

Call Off the Wedding if It Doesn’t Feel Right

Avoid Teen Marriage

Date Partner for at Least 3 Years Before Getting Married

Marry Someone Similar to You

Be Aware That an On-and-Off Relationship Is a Bad Sign

Consider Your Parents’ Opinion of Your Partner

Don’t Settle

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 6 Diversity in Marriages and Families

Benefits and Societal Functions of Marriage

Spousal Benefits of Marriage

Impact of COVID-19 on Marriage Satisfaction

Societal Functions of Marriage

Marriage as a Commitment

Person-to-Person Commitment

Family-to-Family Commitment

Arranged Marriage

Couple-to-State Commitment

Marriage as a Rite of Passage

Weddings

Honeymoons

Changes After Marriage

Diverse Marriages and Families

African American Families

Hispanic, Latino, and Latina Families

Asian American Families

Muslim American Families

Indigenous Families

Immigrant Families

Polyamorous Families

Military Families

Interracial and Multiracial Marriages

International Marriages

Age-Discrepant Relationships and Marriages

College Marriage

Marriage Quality

Definition and Characteristics of Successful Marriages

Theoretical Views of Marital Happiness and Success

Marital Happiness Across Time

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 7 LGBTQ+ Relationships

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Sexual Orientation Variations

Problems of Sexual Orientation Classification

Gender Identity

Origins of Sexual Orientation Diversity

Research on the Origins of Sexual Orientation Diversity

Beliefs About What “Causes” Sexual Orientation

Earlier Views of Homosexuality as a Mental Disorder

Conversion Therapy

Heterosexism, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Anti-LGBTQ+ Prejudice and Stereotypes

Discrimination Against LGBTQ+ Individuals

Effects of Prejudice and Discrimination on LGBTQ+ Individuals

The Intersection of Race and Ethnicity and Anti-LGBTQ+ Status

Effects of LGBTQ+ Prejudice and Discrimination on Non-LGBTQ+ Individuals

Coming out of the LGBTQ+ Closet

Deciding to Come Out: Reasons, Risks, and Benefits

Coming Out to Family

Coming Out as Transgender

LGBTQ+ Couple Relationships and Marriages

Same-Sex Marriage

Comparisons of LGBTQ+ and Different-Sex Relationships

Sexual Behavior and Interactions in LGBTQ+ Relationships

Unique Challenges for Same-Sex Relationships

Relationships of Transgender Individuals

Mixed-Orientation Relationships

LGBTQ+ Families and Parenting

Gay Fathers

Lesbian Mothers

Development and Well-Being of Children With Gay or Lesbian Parents

Transgender Parents and Their Children

Moving Forward: The Fight for LGBTQ+ Equality

LGBTQ+ Rights in the United States

Cultural Changes and Acceptance of LGBTQ+ Persons and Families

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 8 Communication and Technology in Relationships

Factors in Interpersonal Communication

Effective Communication

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Words Versus Action

Gender Differences in Communication

Communication Choices for Relationship Enhancement

Revealing One’s Self, Secrets, and The Past

Dishonesty, Cheating, and STI Status

Dishonesty

Cheating in Romantic Relationships

Technology and Romantic Relationships

Technology Use During COVID-19

Texting and Relationships

Sexting

When Social Media and Texting Become a Problem

Conflict Resolution

Address Recurring, Disturbing Issues

Understand Your Partner’s Perspective

Identify New Desired Behaviors

Change Your View

Generate Alternative Win-Win Solutions

Forgive

Avoid Recovery Sabotage

Be Alert to Defense Mechanisms

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 9 Sexuality in Relationships

Sexual Values and Sexual Choices

Absolutism

Virginity: Ways of Viewing and Reasons for Virginity

Relativism

Script for Delaying Intercourse in a Relationship

Hedonism

Sexual Double Standard

Covid-19 Impact on Sexuality

Covid-19 and Sexual Choices

Sexual Behaviors: An Overview

What Is Sex?

Kissing

Masturbation

Oral Sex

Vaginal Intercourse

Anal Intercourse

Rough Sex

Sexual Competence

Cybersex

Keeping Secrets About Sexual Behaviors

Sexuality in Relationships

Sexual Communication

Sexual Tempo

Being Partnered

Sex in Marriage

Social Legitimacy

Declining Frequency

Sex Among the Separated and Divorced

Sex Between Persons in a Friends-With-Benefits Relationship

Concurrent Sexual Partnerships

Consensual Nonmonogamous Relationships

Sexuality in Swinging Relationships

When One’s Sexual Partner Is Transgender

Safer Sex

Condom Assertiveness

STIs

The Illusion of Safety in a “Monogamous” Relationship

Sexual Fulfillment: Some Prerequisites

Self-Knowledge, Body Image, and Health

A Committed and Equal Relationship

Sexual Mindfulness

Resolve Sexual Dysfunctions

Open Sexual Communication and Feedback

Realistic Expectations

Communication When Interest in Sex Differs

Sexual Compliance

Spectatoring

Sexual Growth Beliefs

Pornography

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 10 Violent and Abusive Relationships

Types of Violence and Abuse

Intimate Partner Violence

Abuse in Marriage

Emotional and Cyber Abuse

Female Abuse of Partner

Murder

Stalking

Revenge Porn

Sextortion

Recognizing and Resisting Abuse

Recognizing Abuse

Fighting Back: What Is the Best Strategy?

Reacting to the Stalker

Alerting a Friend About Abuse in Their Relationship

Reasons for Violence and Abuse

Cultural Factors

Gender Inequality

Relationship Factors

Family Factors

Child Abuse in Family of Origin

Family Conflict

Prevention and Intervention

Sexual Coercion, Sexual Assault, and Rape

Who Commits Rape?

Rape Myths

Sexual Abuse in Same-Sex Relationships

Male Rape

Alcohol and Rape

Rohypnol, GHB, Special K

Campus Sexual Assault

Reducing Sexual Violence on Campus

Affirmative Consent

The Cycle of Abuse

Why Victims Stay in Abusive Relationships

How to Leave an Abusive Relationship

Child, Parent, Sibling, and Parental Abuse

Child Abuse

Child Sexual Abuse

Sibling Abuse

Parental or Elder Abuse

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 11 Planning Children

Factors in Deciding Whether to Have Children

The Influence of COVID-19 on Family Planning

Social Influences That Encourage Childbearing

Family of Orientation

Partner

Friends and Siblings

Religion

Race

Sexual Orientation

Government

Media

Cultural Factors

Individual Motivations for Having Children

Lifestyle Changes and Economic Costs of Parenthood

Lifestyle Changes

Financial Costs

Number of Desired Children?

Zero: Choosing to Be Child-Free?

One Child?

Two Children?

Three Children?

Four or More Children?

Multiple Partner Fertility

Contraception

Methods of Contraception

Male Contraceptive?

Unintended Pregnancies

Abortion

Incidence of Induced Abortion

Pro-Life Position

Pro-Choice Position

Supreme Court Reversal of Roe v. Wade

Physical Effects of Abortion

Psychological Effects of Abortion

Effects of Being Denied an Abortion

Miscarriage

Teenage Parenthood

Infertility

Causes of Infertility

Help With Infertility Through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)

Hormone Therapy

Artificial Insemination

Home Insemination Technique for LGBTQ Couples

Surrogacy

In Vitro Fertilization

Adoption

Costs of Adoption

Open Versus Closed Adoptions

Internet Adoption

Foster Parenting

Transracial Adoption

The Experience of Children Who are Adopted

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 12 Diversity in Parenting

The Choices Perspective of Parenting

Nature of Parenting Choices

COVID-19 and Parenting

The “Good Enough” Parent

Basic Parenting Choices

Transition to Parenthood

Transition to Motherhood

Postpartum Depression, Peripartum Depression, and Maternal Well-Being

Cognitive Labor of Parenting

Transition to Fatherhood

Transition From a Couple to a Family

Parenting Roles, Styles, and Theories

Parental Roles

Parents Are Only One Influence on a Child’s Development

Parenting Styles Differ

Overparenting and Helicopter Parenting

Theories of Child Rearing

Principles of Effective Parenting

Give Time, Love, Praise, Encouragement, and Acceptance

Monitor Teen Activities

Send Teen to “Tough-Love” Wilderness Camp?

Monitor Social Media and Cell Phone Use, Texting, and Sexting

Follow the Rules for Social Media

Provide Discipline

Develop Rules for Boomerang Children?

Teach Emotional Competence and Empathy

Provide Sex Education

Single-Parent Issues

Single Parenthood by Choice

Challenges Faced by Single Parents

Incarcerated Parenting

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 13 Employment and Relationships

Employment, Individuals, and Relationships

Employment and Job Satisfaction

Money and Employment

Types of Dual-Career Marriages

Effects of Two Careers on One Relationship

Effects of Wife’s Income on Marriage Stability

Impact of Employment on Parents

Effects of the Mother’s Employment on the Mother

Impact of Working From Home During COVID-19 on Parents

Gig Economy and Sharing Economy Jobs

Creator Economy

Impact of Employment on Children

Effects of the Mother’s Employment on Children

Effects of the Father’s Employment on Children

Quality Time

Child Care Considerations

Quality of Child Care

Cost of Child Care

Latchkey Children

Balancing Employment and Family Life

Adopting a Superperson Strategy

Cognitive Restructuring and Reframing

Delegating Responsibility

Using Time Management

Engaging in Role Compartmentalization

Integrating Leisure and Family Life

Functions of Leisure

Individual and Relationship Problems Related to Leisure

Intrusive Technology

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 14 Stress, Crisis, and Resilience in Relationships

Definitions of Stress, Crisis, and Resilience

Definitions of Stress and Crisis Events

Resilient Families

A Family Stress-Coping Model

Stress Management Strategies

Choosing a Positive Perspective

Dyadic Coping

Exercise

Caution Regarding Use of Social Media

Religion and Spirituality

Humor

Sleep

Video Games

Pets

Harmful Stress Management Strategies

COVID-19, Mental Illness, and Infidelity

COVID-19

Physical Illness

Mental Illness

Infidelity

Reasons for Infidelity

Demographic Factors: Divorce or Staying Married after an Affair

Poverty, Substance Use, and Estrangement

Poverty and Unemployment

Alcohol and Substance Abuse

Estrangement

Problematic Letter of Amends

Good Letter of Amends

Suicide, Death of One’s Child, and Death by Police

Suicide of a Family Member

Death of One’s Child

Death by Police

Marriage and Family Therapy

Training and Availability of Marriage and Family Therapists

Effectiveness of Relationship and Marriage Therapy

Relationship Teletherapy

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 15 Divorce, Remarriage, and Stepfamilies

Definition and Demographics of Divorce

Macro Factors Contributing to Divorce

Economic Factors Associated With Divorce

Changing Family Functions and Structure

Liberal Divorce Laws

Ethnicity and Cultural Values

Increased Social Acceptance and Less Stigma

Micro Factors Contributing to Divorce

Incompatibility and Growing Apart

Changing Values, Needs, or Identities

Mental Health Problems and Addiction

Decreased Positive Behavior; Increased Negative Behavior or Abuse

Infidelity

Poor Communication and Inadequate Conflict Resolution Skills

Consequences of Separation and Divorce for Adults and Children

Impact on Adults’ Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being

Financial Consequences, Child Support, and Alimony

Child Support

Alimony

Financial Issues for Same-Sex Couples

Parental Alienation

Physical and Legal Child Custody

Consequences of Divorce for Children

Minimizing Negative Effects of Divorce on Children

Conditions for a “Successful” Divorce

Dating After Divorce, Remarriage, and Stepfamilies

Dating Again: Benefits and Challenges

Remarriage

Boundary Maintenance

Emotional and Psychological Remarriage

Community and Parental Remarriage

Economic and Legal Remarriage

Stepfamilies

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 16 The Later Years

The Concepts of Age and “Older Adults”

Ageism

Everyday Ageism

Ageism in Employment and Health Care

Ageism in Employment

Ageism in Health Care

Reducing Ageism

Health Care, Housing, and Economic Concerns

Physical and Mental Health of Older Americans

Health Care and Long-Term Care for Older Adults

Medicare

Long-Term Care for Older Adults

Home-Based Care

Adult Day Care

Assisted-Living Facilities

Nursing Homes

Continuing Care Retirement Community

Hospice Care

Housing and Living Arrangements of Older U.S. Adults

Poverty, Retirement, and Social Security Concerns of Older Adults

Poverty in the 65+ U.S. Population

Retirement and Social Security

Sexuality, Relationships, Divorce, and Widowhood

Sexuality in the Later Years

Marital and Partner Relationships Among Older Adults

Divorce in Later Life

Widowhood

Remarriage and Re-Partnering in the Later Years

Grandparenthood

Grandfamilies

Step-Grandparenting

Successful Aging

Summary

Key Terms

Special Topic I: Careers in Family Science

Special Topics II: Family Autobiography Outline

Self-Assessment

Glossary

References

Index

David Knox, Ph.D., is Professor of Sociology at East Carolina University, where he teaches courtship and marriage, marriage and the family, and sociology of human sexuality. He is a marriage, family and sex therapist and the author or coauthor of twelve books and over 130 professional articles. He regularly presents new research at annual conferences with undergraduate/graduate students and colleagues. He and Caroline Schacht are married with three children and five grandchildren.

Caroline Schacht, M.A. in Sociology and M.A. in Family Relations, is formerly instructor of sociology at East Carolina University where she taught courtship and marriage, introduction to sociology, and the sociology of food. Her clinical work includes marriage and family relationships. She is also the coauthor of Understanding Social Problems and a certified Romana Pilates instructor.

I. Joyce Chang, Ph.D. is Professor of Child and Family Development at University of Central Missouri (UCM). Dr. Chang received her doctorate in Human Development and Family Sciences and Master’s degree in Interdisciplinary Studies (Psychology, Women Studies, and Statistics) from Oregon State University. Dr. Chang’s primary research interests are high-risk behaviors, relationship development, and impacts of technology on families. She has received awards for teaching, research, and service. Dr. Chang has also taught/lectured in Sweden, Taiwan, and the Netherlands.

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