Advanced Physics For You 2nd Edition by John Miller, ISBN-13: 978-1408527375

Description

Advanced Physics For You 2nd Edition by John Miller, ISBN-13: 978-1408527375

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Nelson Thornes Ltd (January 1, 2015)
• Language: ‎ English
• 515 pages (Large File Size: 62 MB)
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1408527375
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1408527375

From the same author as the popular first edition, the second edition of this trusted, accessible physics textbook breaks down content into manageable chunks to help students with the transition from GCSE to A Level study. It has been fully revised and updated for the new A Level specifications for first teaching from September 2015, and is suitable for AQA, OCR, WJEC and Edexcel. The textbook provides plenty of examples and practice questions for consolidation of learning. Additional sections in the textbook provide help with revision and exam technique, practical skills and maths skills.

Table of Contents:

Title Page

Contents

1 Basic Ideas

Homogeneity of equations

The importance of significant figures

Vectors and scalars

Vector addition

Combining perpendicular vectors

Vector subtraction

Combining vectors using scale drawing

Resolving vectors

Combining non-perpendicular vectors by calculation

Summary

2 Looking at Forces

Electromagnetic forces

‘Normal’ contact forces

Tension

Friction between solid surfaces

Fluid resistance (drag)

Stokes’ Law

Lift

Free-body force diagrams

Pressure

Upthrust

Floating and sinking

Physics at work: Automotive forces

Summary

3 Turning Effects of Forces

Calculating moments

Principle of moments

Centre of gravity (centre of mass)

Solving equilibrium problems

Questions

4 Describing Motion

Displacement–time graphs

Velocity–time graphs

Equations of motion

Vertical motion under gravity

Terminal velocity

Projectiles

Effect of friction on projectiles

5 Newton’s Laws and Momentum

Newton’s First Law

Inertia

Momentum

Newton’s Second Law

Newton’s Third Law

Newton’s Laws : More worked examples

Impulse

Conservation of momentum

Conservation of momentum in two dimensions

Physics at work : Car safety

Summary

Questions

6 Work, Energy and Power

Power

Types of energy

Interchange between KE and PE

Conservation of energy

Efficiency

Elastic and inelastic collisions

Summary

Questions

7 Circular Motion

Measuring rotation

Centripetal acceleration

Centripetal force

Moving in horizontal circles

Moving in vertical circles

Physics at work : Bobsleigh bends

Derivation of the centripetal acceleration formula

Summary

Questions

8 Gravitational Forces and Fields

Gravitational force

Gravitational field

Satellites

Gravitational potential, V

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

Physics at work : Satellites and space probes

Summary

Questions

9 Simple Harmonic Motion

Graphs of SHM

Equations for SHM

The simple pendulum

A mass on a spring

Energy in SHM

Damping

Resonance

Physics at work : Oscillations and resonance

Summary

Questions

Basic Ideas

Looking at Forces

Turning Effects of Forces

Describing Motion

Newton’s Laws and Momentum

Work, Energy and Power

Circular Motion

Gravitational Forces and Fields

Simple Harmonic Motion

Synoptic Questions on Mechanics

10 Wave Motion

Wavelength 𝛌

Period

The wave equation

Energy transferred by waves

Waves spreading through space

Phase

Transverse and longitudinal

Electromagnetic waves

The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

The nature of electromagnetic radiation

Measuring the speed of light

Polarisation

Polarisation of radio waves

Transverse or longitudinal

The Physics of hearing

What is a decibel ?

Human perception of loudness

Defects of hearing

Physics at work : Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Summary

Questions

11 Reflection and Refraction

Refraction and a change in speed

Snell’s Law

Refractive index n and the speed of light

Critical angle and refractive index

Total internal reflection

Optical fibres

Physics at work : Using refraction and reflection

Lenses

Forming images with lenses

Magnification

The astronomical refracting telescope

Aberrations in lenses

The eye

Defects of vision

Physics at work : Reflecting telescopes

Physics at work : Reflecting telescopes

Summary

12 Interference and Diffraction

Stationary or standing waves

Standing waves and resonance

Stationary waves in wind instruments

Physics at work: Standing waves

Physics at work : Hertz discovers radio waves

Diffraction

Physics at work : Hertz discovers radio waves

Diffraction

Resolution

Physics at work: Diffraction

Two-source interference

Two-source interference of light

Young’s double-slit experiment

Physics at work: Interference

Diffraction grating

Summary

Wave Motion

Reflection and Refraction

Interference and Diffraction

Synoptic Questions on Waves

13 Materials

Stretching materials

Elastic potential energy

Properties of materials

Stress

Strain

The Young modulus

Measuring the Young modulus for steel

Stress–strain graphs for different metals

Yielding and breaking

Polymers

Faults in crystals

Tension and compression

Physics at work : Composite materials

Summary

14 Thermodynamics

The 1st Law of Thermodynamics

The Celsius temperature scale

Absolute zero and the Kelvin temperature scale

Internal energy and atomic movement

Specific latent heat

Specific heat capacity

Physics at work

Physics at work

Summary

Questions

15 Gases and Kinetic Theory

Boyle’s Law

Heating and cooling a gas

The Avogadro constant and the mole

The ideal gas equation

Kinetic theory

Kinetic energy and the Boltzmann constant, k

Physics at work : Liquefying helium

Physics at work : Gases

Summary

Materials

Gases and Kinetic Theory

16 Current and Charge

Electric currents

Energy transfer and potential difference

Resistance

Resistivity

Current–voltage characteristics

Electrical power

Power in the home

Physics at work : Using electricity

Physics at work : Using electricity

Physics at work : Biopotentials

Physics at work : The electrocardiogram (ECG)

Summary

Questions

17 Electric Circuits

Energy transfer in a series circuit

Energy transfer in a parallel circuit

Resistors in series

Resistors in parallel

The potential divider (voltage divider)

Variable resistors

Electromotive force

Kirchhoff’s Second Law

The circuit equation

Solving circuit problems

Physics at work: Current, voltage, resistance

Summary

Questions

18 Magnetic Fields

Magnetic fields

The magnetic effect of a current

Magnetic materials

Measuring magnetic flux density

Magnetic force

The magnetic force on a moving charge

Circular paths

Forces between currents

Physics at work : Magnetic fields

Summary

19 Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction using two coils

Magnetic flux

Faraday’s Law

Lenz’s Law

The a.c. generator

Physics at work : Using electromagnetic induction

Summary

Questions

20 Alternating Current

Root-mean-square (r.m.s.) values

The cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO)

Using the oscilloscope

The transformer

Rectification

Summary

Questions

21 Electric Fields

Forces between charges

Another inverse-square law

Electric fields

Electric potential

Physics at work : Using static electricity

Summary

Questions

22 Capacitors

Charging and discharging a capacitor

Capacitance

The energy of a charged capacitor

Capacitors in parallel

Capacitors in series

Discharging a capacitor

Charging a capacitor : Exponential growth

Physics at work : Capacitors

Physics at work : Designing practical capacitors

Summary

Questions

Current and Charge

Magnetic Fields

Electromagnetic Induction

Electric Fields

Capacitors

The CRO and a.c.

Synoptic Questions on Electricity

23 Electrons and Photons

Electron beams

Electron kinetic energy and the electron-volt (e V )

Thomson’s measurement of Qm for electron

Physics at work : Particle accelerators

Millikan’s experiment to measure electron charge

Using light to free electrons

The photoelectric effect

Physics at work : Corpuscles and waves

Planck’s equation and photon energy

Escaping from a metal : The work function

Einstein’s photoelectric equation

Measuring the Planck constant

Physics at work : Photons and electrons

Electrons as waves

De Broglie’s equation

Electron waves and the atom

Physics at work : Modern microscopes

Summary

Questions

24 Spectra and Energy Levels

Heat radiation

Black bodies

The luminosity of stars

Physics at work : Electromagnetic waves

Coloured spectra

The hydrogen spectrum

Energy levels and quanta

The energy levels of hydrogen

Absorption spectra

Stimulated emission

Physics at work : Fluorescence

Physics at work : Emission and absorption in Chemistry

Summary

Questions

Electrons and Photons

Spectra and Energy Levels

25 Radioactivity

The structure of the atom

Radioactivity

Detecting radioactivity

Alpha, beta and gamma radiation

How is radiation absorbed ?

Why is radiation dangerous ?

The inverse-square law for gamma radiation

Radioactive decay

Nuclear stability

The random nature of radioactive decay

The decay constant

Exponential decay

Physics at work : Investigating the atom

Physics at work : Radioactive dating

Physics at work : Radiotherapy

Summary

Questions

26 Nuclear Energy

A famous equation

Binding energy

Fission

Fusion

Nuclear power stations

Physics at work : Nuclear issues

Summary

27 Particle Physics

Fundamental particles

Inside the hadrons

Quark properties and conservation laws

Fundamental forces and exchange particles

Feynman diagrams

Physics at work : Particle physics

Summary

Questions

Radioactivity

The Nuclear Model of the Atom

Nuclear Energy

Particle Physics

Further Questions on Nuclear Physics

28 Special Relativity

The Michelson–Morley experiment

Einstein’s postulates

Time dilation

Muon decay

Length contraction

Relativistic mass

Mass and energy

Summary

Questions

29 Astrophysics

Observing the sky

Measuring distances

Classifying stars : how bright are they ?

Classifying stars : how hot are they ?

The Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram

The Doppler effect

Hubble’s Law

Physics at work : Dark matter and dark energy

Physics at work : Supermassive black holes

Physics at work : Quasars

Physics at work : Neutron stars

Physics at work : Black holes

Support for the Big Bang theory

Physics at work : Exoplanets

Questions

30 Medical Imaging Techniques

The X-ray machine

The X-ray spectrum

Interaction of X-rays with matter

Attenuation processes

Radiography

Advances in X-ray imaging

Radioactive medical tracers

The gamma camera

Obtaining radioactive tracers

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Ultrasound imaging

Ultrasound : acoustic impedance

The ultrasound transducer

Doppler ultrasound

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The MRI scanner

Summary

Questions

Special Relativity

Astrophysics

Medical Physics

More questions on Modern Physics

Synoptic Questions for A2

Study Skills

Becoming more confident with Maths

How to tackle mathematical homework questions

Revision skills

Eight revision techniques

Organising your revision

Examination technique

Doing Your Practical Work

Implementing

Analysing evidence and drawing conclusions

Evaluation of procedures and results

Dealing with errors and uncertainty

Calculations involving uncertainties

Check Your Maths

Powers

Geometry and Trigonometry

Plotting graphs

Graphs and the area beneath a line

The equation of a straight-line graph

Some common graph shapes

Direct proportion

Equations

Simultaneous equations

Using Spreadsheets

Modelling behaviour

Analysis of data

Simulations

Exponentials

Worked example : Using logarithmic graphs and a spreadsheet

Hints and Answers

Further Questions on Mechanics

Waves

Matter and Molecules

Further Questions: Matter and Molecules

Electricity

Nuclear Physics

Further Questions on Quantum Physics

Further Questions on Nuclear Physics

Modern Physics

Further Questions on Modern Physics

Synoptic Questions for A2

Index

Back Cover

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