Abnormal Psychology: Contrasting Perspectives 1st Edition by Jonathan D. Raskin, ISBN-13: 978-1137547163
[PDF eBook eTextbook]
- Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic; 1st ed. 2019 edition (October 8, 2018)
- Language: English
- 728 pages
- ISBN-10: 1137547162
- ISBN-13: 978-1137547163
This groundbreaking core textbook offers a comprehensive overview of different approaches to the assessment and treatment of psychological disorders. The book retains important diagnostic perspectives, including the DSM-5, ICD-10, ICD-11 and PDM, but also widens the scope of coverage beyond mainstream psychiatric models to include psychological, biological, historical, sociocultural and therapeutic approaches. Contemporary and well-balanced, this book provides an even-handed and holistic foundation, allowing students to develop a strong critical mindset while retaining a robust research-driven orientation.
Abnormal Psychology: Contrasting Perspectives:
– features an innovative structure organized by presenting problem, examining each in a broad context of traditional psychiatric and alternative approaches
– is grounded in lived experience of disorder: shining a spot-light on service-users through ‘Case Examples’ scenarios and ‘Lived Experience’ perspective pieces
– supports student learning and critical thinking through engaging ‘Controversial Question’, ‘Try it Yourself’ and ‘In Depth’
– is supported by an impressive online support features including lecture slides, a test bank, instructor manual, student study guide, multiple choice self-test quizzes, flashcard activities and more.
This book is ideal for undergraduate and postgraduates students on abnormal psychology, psychopathology, mental health or clinical psychology courses.
Table of Contents:
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Diagnostic Boxes
List of Features
Tour of the Book
Online Learning and Teaching Resources
Preface
About the Author
Author Acknowledgments
CONCEPTUAL, HISTORICAL, AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: WHAT IS ABNORMAL?
Case Examples
Abnormality in Everyday Life
THE CHALLENGE FOR STUDENTS: EXPERTS DON’T ALWAYS AGREE
An Example: What Is “Mental Illness?”
Contradictory Perspectives Are Common in Abnormal Psychology
HOW DOES THIS CHAPTER GET US STARTED?
BASIC TERMS
PSYCHIATRY VS. PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
MENTAL ILLNESS AND MENTAL DISORDER
HARMFUL INTERNAL DYSFUNCTION
DEVIANCE
SOCIAL OPPRESSION
COMMON CRITERIA OF ABNORMALITY
STATISTICAL DEVIATION
VIOLATION OF SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES
BEHAVIOR THAT DISTURBS OTHERS
HARMFULNESS TO SELF OR OTHERS
EMOTIONAL SUFFERING
MISPERCEPTION OF REALITY
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
HISTORICAL-CULTURAL VS. OBJECTIVE/UNIVERSAL/LEGAL VIEWS
STONE AGE PERSPECTIVES
GREEK AND ROMAN PERSPECTIVES
Hippocrates’ (Mostly) Biological Perspective
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Galen’s Perspective, Including Early Diagnostic Categories
PERSPECTIVES DURING THE MIDDLE AGES
Avicenna’s Biological Perspective and Early Hospitals
Demonological Perspectives in Europe
The Influence of Cultural Context: Dancing Mania and Lycanthropy
RENAISSANCE PERSPECTIVES
The Renaissance as One of Europe’s Most “Psychically Disturbed” Periods
Early Asylums in Europe
PERSPECTIVES DURING THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES
Moral Therapy
Larger Asylums and Their Reform
PERSPECTIVES IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES
Early 20th-Century Mental Hospitals
The Expansion of Contrasting Perspectives
Deinstitutionalization
RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
Correlational Method
Experimental Method
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
Case Studies
Grounded Theory Methods
Phenomenological Analysis
Trustworthiness, Mixed Methods, and the Status of Qualitative Methods
CLOSING THOUGHTS: CAVEATS BEFORE PROCEEDING
KEY TERMS
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: THE IMPORTANCE OF THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
Case Examples
Perspectives as Frameworks for Understanding People’s Problems
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PERSPECTIVES
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Freud’s Original Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychodynamic Theories
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Behavioral Perspectives
Cognitive Perspectives
Combining Cognitive and Behavioral Perspectives
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Rogers’ Person-Centered Therapy
Existential Therapy
Constructivist Perspectives
Evaluating Humanistic Perspectives
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
MULTICULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Multicultural Perspectives
Social Justice Perspectives
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Minuchin’s Structural Family Therapy
Bowen’s Multigenerational Family Therapy
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: SO MANY PERSPECTIVES!
KEY TERMS
DIAGNOSIS, FORMULATION, AND ASSESSMENT
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: DEFINING DIAGNOSIS
Case Examples
Perspectives on Diagnosis
PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS: DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
WHO WRITES THEM?
ICD
DSM
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
ICD
DSM
CURRENT VERSIONS
ICD
DSM
DEFINITION OF DISORDER
ICD
DSM
GUIDELINES, CRITERIA, AND CODES
Diagnostic Guidelines
Diagnostic Criteria
Diagnostic Codes
RELIABILITY
What is Diagnostic Reliability?
Diagnostic Criteria and Reliability
Reliability and DSM-5
VALIDITY
What is Diagnostic Validity?
Validity of the DSM and ICD
EVALUATING THE DSM AND ICD
Success and Influence
Advantages
Disadvantages
Trends and Future
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES/ALTERNATIVES TO DIAGNOSIS
FORMULATION
Distinguishing Formulation from Diagnosis
Two Examples of Formulation
Evaluating Formulation
PSYCHODYNAMIC DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL (PDM)
Distinguishing PDM from DSM and ICD
PDM Axes
Evaluating the PDM
RESEARCH DOMAIN CRITERIA (RDoC)
Toward a Diagnostic System Based on Biomarkers
RDoC’s Five Domains
Evaluating RDoC
HIERARCHICAL TAXONOMY OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (HiTOP)
Defining HiTOP and Distinguishing it from DSM and ICD
HiTOP and RDoC
HiTOP’s Six Spectra Dimensions
Evaluating HiTOP
POWER THREAT MEANING (PTM) FRAMEWORK
A Psychosocial Framework for Identifying Patterns in Human Distress
Evaluating the PTM Framework
ASSESSMENT
CLINICAL INTERVIEWS
Unstructured Interviews
Structured Interviews
Using Interviews in Diagnosis and Formulation
PERSONALITY TESTS
Self-Report Personality Inventories
Projective Tests
EXAMPLES OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT FROM OTHER PERSPECTIVES
Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment
Humanistic Assessment
INTELLIGENCE TESTS
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL TESTS
Neuropsychological Tests
Neurological Tests
CLOSING THOUGHTS: BEWARE OF CULTURE BIAS
KEY TERMS
PSYCHOSIS
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: WHAT IS PSYCHOSIS?
Case Examples
Psychosis and Reality Contact
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
FIVE SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized Thinking and Speech
Abnormal Motor Behavior
Negative Symptoms
SPECIFIC PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN DSM-5 AND ICD-10
Schizophrenia
Delusional Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizotypal Disorder
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Categorical vs. Dimensional Diagnosis
Postmodern vs. Medical Views
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
DEMENTIA PRAECOX
BLEULER COINS THE TERM “SCHIZOPHRENIA”
EARLY 20TH-CENTURY TREATMENTS
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
Dopamine and Antipsychotic Drugs
Glutamate Hypothesis
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PERSPECTIVES
Ventricle Size
Decreased Brain Volume
GENETIC AND EVOLTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
Schizophrenia and Theory of Mind
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
Viral Theory of Schizophrenia
Inflammation and Schizophrenia
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Classic Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Views of Schizophrenia
Modern Psychodynamic Therapy for Schizophrenia
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Cognitive Perspectives
Behavioral Perspectives
Syndrome vs. Symptom Approaches
Common Strategies Used in CBTp
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Pre-therapy
Narrative Therapy
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Inequality and Adversity
Ethnic and Racial Factors
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
Stigma of Psychosis
Consumer Groups vs. Survivor Groups
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Community Care Approaches
Family Systems and Psychosis
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: CARING FOR THOSE EXPERIENCING PSYCHOSIS
KEY TERMS
MOOD PROBLEMS
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF MOOD
Case Examples
Depression and Mania
Endogenous vs. Exogenous Depression
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
MOOD EPISODES DEFINED
Depressive Episodes
Manic, Hypomanic, and Mixed Episodes
MAJOR DEPRESSION AND BIPOLAR DISORDERS
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder and Cyclothymic Disorder
OTHER DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Postpartum Depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Are the DSM-5 Depressive and Bipolar Categories Reliable?
Are Persistent Depression and Major Depression Distinct Disorders?
Should the Bereavement Exclusion Have Been Maintained?
Why Was Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Added?
Why Was Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) Added?
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
MELANCHOLIA IN ANCIENT GREECE
ACEDIA AND MELANCHOLIA IN THE EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA AND RENAISSANCE
INDUSTRIALIZATION, DEPLETED NERVOUS SYSTEMS, AND NEURASTHENIA
KRAEPELIN AND THE MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS CONTINUUM
FROM MELANCHOLIA TO DEPRESSION
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression and Antidepressants
Glutamate Hypothesis of Depression
Herbal Remedies for Depression
Mood Stabilizers and Bipolar Disorder
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PERSPECTIVES
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Frontal Lobe
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
Non-Drug Brain Treatments for Depression
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Classic Psychoanalytic and Attachment Perspectives
Short-Term Interpersonal and Psychodynamic Therapies for Depression
Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy for Mania
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression
Learned Helplessness
CBT Assessment and Therapy for Depression
CBT and Mania
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Person-Centered Therapy
Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Socioeconomic Inequality and Depression
Gender and Depression
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
The Experience of Depression
Stigma
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Relationship Problems and Expressed Emotion
Family Therapies
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: THE WIDE-RANGING RELEVANCE OF MOOD
KEY TERMS
ANXIETY, OBSESSIONS, AND COMPULSIONS
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: ANXIETY, FEAR, OBSESSIONS, AND COMPULSIONS
Case Examples
Defining Anxiety, Fear, Obsessions, and Compulsions
A Caveat: We All Feel Anxious Sometimes
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Other Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Diagnostic Reliability
Changes to Anxiety Disorders
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
ANCIENT GREECE THROUGH THE RENAISSANCE
18TH THROUGH 20TH CENTURIES
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Neurotransmitters and Prescription Drugs for Anxiety
Obsessions and Compulsions
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PERSPECTIVES
Anxiety and Fear
Obsessions and Compulsions
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
Inflammation
The Gut
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Classic Freudian Case Studies
Unconscious Impulses and Anxiety
Insecure Attachments and OCD
Unified Psychodynamic Protocol for Anxiety Disorders (UPP-ANXIETY)
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
CBT Conceptualizations of Anxiety and Panic
CBT Conceptualizations of Obsessions and Compulsions
CBT Interventions
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Person-Centered Therapy
Existential Perspectives
Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Cultural Differences in the Expression of Anxiety
Economic Conditions and Anxiety
Gender and Anxiety
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Expressed Emotion and Accommodation
Structural Family Therapy for Generalized Anxiety
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: ANXIETY AND FEAR AS UNIQUELY HUMAN
KEY TERMS
TRAUMA, STRESS, AND LOSS
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: THE IMPACT OF TRAUMA, STRESS, AND LOSS
Case Examples
Defining Trauma, Stress, Bereavement, Grief, and Dissociation
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
TRAUMA AND STRESS DISORDERS
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Acute Stress
Adjustment Disorders
Persistent Complex Bereavement/Prolonged Grief
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Creating a New Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders Chapter in DSM-5
PTSD as an Expectable Reaction, Not a Disorder
Adjustment Disorder as a “Waste-Basket” Diagnosis
Should Prolonged Grief Be a Disorder?
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
EARLY CLINICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF TRAUMA
TRAUMATIC NEUROSIS
WAR NEURASTHENIA AND SHELL SHOCK
THE EMERGENCE OF PTSD AS A DIAGNOSIS
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Posttraumatic Stress
Stress and Adjustment
Prolonged Grief
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PERSPECTIVES
Hippocampus
Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Autonomic Nervous System and HPA Axis
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Posttraumatic Stress
Bereavement
COGNTIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Behavioral Perspectives
Cognitive and CBT Perspectives on Posttraumatic Stress
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Posttraumatic Growth
Meaning Reconstruction following Trauma and Loss
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Sociocultural Factors and Posttraumatic Stress
Cross-Cultural Differences in Bereavement
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
Posttraumatic Stress
Adjustment Issues
Prolonged Grief
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Group Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress
Couples and Family Therapy Approaches
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: ERASE TRAUMA, LOSS, AND GRIEF?
KEY TERMS
DISSOCIATION AND SOMATIC COMPLAINTS
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: DISSOCIATION, SOMATIC SYMPTOMS, AND STRESS
Case Examples
The Posttraumatic Model
Defining Dissociation and Somatic Complaints
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue
Depersonalization/Derealization
Dissociative Identity Disorder
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS
Somatic Symptom Disorder, Somatization Disorder, and Bodily Distress Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder and Hypochondriacal Disorder
Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions
Factitious Disorder
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Doubts About Dissociation and Dissociative Identity Disorder
Debate Over Somatic Symptom Disorders in DSM-5
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
HYSTERIA AND THE WANDERING WOMB
SYDENHAM, BRIQUET, AND CHARCOT ON HYSTERIA
Sydenham, Briquet, and Briquet’s Syndrome
Charcot, La Belle Indifférence, and Hypnosis
JANET AND DISSOCIATION
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Dissociation
Somatic Symptoms
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PERSPECTIVES
Dissociation
Somatic Symptoms
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetics of Dissociation
Genetics of Somatic Symptoms
Evolutionary Explanations of Dissociation
Evolutionary Explanations of Somatic Symptoms
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
Psychoneuroimmunology, Stress, and Vulnerability to Illness
The Negative Effect of Stress on Lymphocytes
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Primary vs. Secondary Gain
Dissociation as Response to Trauma
Somatic Symptoms Due to Unconscious Conflicts
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Cognitive and Behavioral Perspectives on Dissociation
Cognitive and Behavioral Perspectives on Somatic Symptoms/Bodily Distress
Biofeedback for Psychosomatic Illnesses
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Dissociation as Meaningful and Adaptive Strategy
Somatic Symptoms and the Need to Integrate Bodily Awareness
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Cross-Cultural Differences and the Risk of Culture Bias
The Sociocognitive Model of Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociation and the Reality of Child Sexual Abuse
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
Dissociation, Abuse, and Stigma
Somatic Symptoms as Less Stigmatizing than Psychological Symptoms
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Family Systems Perspectives on Dissociation
Family Systems Perspectives on Somatic Symptoms
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: DISSOCIATION AND SOMATIC SYMPTOMS AS ELUSIVE YET INTRIGUING
KEY TERMS
FEEDING AND EATING PROBLEMS
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: FEEDING VS. EATING PROBLEMS
Case Examples
Can We Distinguish Feeding from Eating Problems?
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
DISORDERS GENERALLY IDENTIFIED AS EATING DISORDERS
Anorexia and Bulimia
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
DISORDERS GENERALLY IDENTIFIED AS FEEDING DISORDERS
Pica
Rumination Disorder
EVALUATING ICD AND DSM PERSPECTIVES
Impact of Revised Anorexia and Bulimia Criteria on Prevalence
Is Binge-Eating Disorder a Good Addition to the DSM-5 and ICD-11?
Concerns about Misuse of the “Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder” Diagnosis
Should Orthorexia be Added to the DSM and ICD?
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
ANOREXIA, BULIMIA, AND BINGE-EATING
PICA
RUMINATION
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Monoamine Neurotransmitters
Psychopharmacology for Eating Problems
Psychopharmacology for Feeding Problems
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PERSPECTIVES
The Hypothalamus and the HPA Axis
Reward Pathway Disturbances
Other Brain Correlates
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Early Psychoanalytic Conceptualizations of Anorexia
Modern Psychodynamic Approaches
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Behavioral Interventions
Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)
Narrative Therapy
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
The Western Ideal of Thinness
Cultural and Ethnic Differences
Gender and the Media
Socioeconomic Status and Education Level
Cultural Pica
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Psychosomatic Families
Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for Anorexia and Bulimia
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: ARE FEEDING AND EATING PROBLEMS UNIVERSAL OR UNIQUE TO OUR TIME?
KEY TERMS
SEXUAL PROBLEMS AND GENDER ISSUES
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: WHAT IS “NORMAL” SEXUAL BEHAVIOR?
Case Examples
Sex, Gender, and Values
Sex and Gender: Basic Terms
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
Disorders of Desire and Arousal
Disorders of Orgasm
Disorders Involving Pain During Intercourse
PARAPHILIAS AND PARAPHILIC DISORDERS
GENDER DYSPHORIA/INCONGRUENCE AND RELATED DIAGNOSES
Gender Dysphoria (DSM-5)
Gender Incongruence (ICD-11)
Transsexualism and Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood (ICD-10)
Using Diagnosis to Aid in Transitioning
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Pathologizing Normal Variations in Sexual Behavior?
Controversies Surrounding Excessive Sexual Drive and Hypersexual Disorder
Should Gender Dysphoria Even Be a Mental Disorder?
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
THE MEDICALIZATION OF SEXUAL DEVIANCE
The Sexual Instinct
Krafft-Ebing’s Psychopathia Sexualis
CHANGING ATTITUDES
Asking People About Their Sex Lives
The Sexual Response Cycle
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY (AND HORMONAL) PERSPECTIVES
Sexual Dysfunctions
Paraphilias
Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (AND ANATOMICAL) PERSPECTIVES
Sexual Dysfunctions
Paraphilias
Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Sexual Dysfunction
Paraphilias
Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Classic Freud
Paraphilias as Hostile Fantasies
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) for Transgender Clients
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Behavioral Perspectives on Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias
Cognitive Perspectives on Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias
Transgender-Affirmative CBT
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Critique of Medicalization of Sexuality
Experiential Sex Therapy
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Sexual Dysfunctions
Paraphilic Disorders and Sex Offenders
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
The New View Critique and Reconceptualization of Sexual Dysfunctions
Transgender Affirmative Therapists: Gatekeepers or Advocates?
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Programs for Sexual Offenders
Family Systems Perspectives
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: SEXUALITY AS SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED?
KEY TERMS
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: SUBSTANCE USE AND OTHER BEHAVIORS AS ADDICTIVE?
Case Examples
Basic Terms: Addiction, Abuse, and Dependence
Depressants
Stimulants
Opioids
Hallucinogens
Cannabis
Using More Than One Drug (Polydrug Use)
Beyond Substances: Behavioral Addictions?
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
ICD-10 AND ICD-11 DISTINGUISH ABUSE FROM DEPENDENCE, BUT DSM-5 DOESN’T
GAMBLING DISORDER AND GAMING DISORDER
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Should the Abuse–Dependence Distinction Be Maintained?
Should DSM and ICD Include More Behavioral Addictions?
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
DRUG USE THROUGHOUT HUMAN HISTORY
MORAL VS. ILLNESS MODELS OF ADDICTION
THE FOUNDING OF ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Dopamine Hypothesis of Addiction
Other Neurotransmitters
Comparable Neurochemistry in Behavioral vs. Substance Addictions?
Drug Interventions for Addiction
BRAIN STRUCTURE PERSPECTIVES
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Attachment Theory and the Self-Medication Hypothesis
The Addictive Personality
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Contingency Management
Social Skills Training
Relapse Prevention
Cognitive Therapy
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Socioeconomic Status and Substance Use
Social Support-Based Intervention Programs
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
Stigma
Alcoholics Anonymous and Other 12-Step Programs
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: HOW DO I KNOW IF I’M ADDICTED?
KEY TERMS
PERSONALITY ISSUES
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
Case Examples
Defining and Measuring Personality
The Five-Factor Model of Personality
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
FROM CATEGORIES TO DIMENSIONS
TRADITIONAL CATEGORIES
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Personality Disorders
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Personality Disorders
DIMENSIONAL ALTERNATIVES
DSM-5’s Proposed Hybrid Trait Model
ICD-11’s Complete Overhaul: A Fully Dimensional Approach
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Should Personality Disorder Diagnosis Shift from Categories to Dimensions?
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
PERSONALITY AND BODILY HUMORS
MORAL INSANITY
PSYCHOPATHIC PERSONALITIES
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Neurotransmitters and Personality Disorders
Polypharmacy and Non-Specificity of Drug Treatments
Medication for Personality Disorders: Debate over Effectiveness and Use
BRAIN STRUCTURE PERSPECTIVES
Antisocial Personality Disorder/Psychopathy
Borderline Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetics Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)
Attachment and Object Relations Approaches
Research on Structured Psychodynamic Therapies
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Schema Therapy
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Recasting “Personality Disorders” as Fragile Process
Research Evidence for Person-Centered Therapy
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Personality Disorders: Culturally Universal or Culturally Relative?
Gender Bias, Trauma, Socioeconomic Disadvantage, and Racism
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
Stigma
Service-User/Survivor Perspectives
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
Family Systems and Personality Issues
Couples and Family DBT for Borderline Personality
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: CAN YOUR PERSONALITY BE DISORDERED?
KEY TERMS
DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES INVOLVING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND ATTACHMENT
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: HOW DO DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES IMPACT BEHAVIOR?
Case Examples
Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder
Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Pyromania, and Kleptomania
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
SOCIAL CONNECTION AND ATTACHMENT ISSUES
Autism-Related Diagnoses in the DSM and ICD
Reactive Attachment Disorder
EVALUATING DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Pathologizing Rebelliousness and Social Resistance?
Critiques of ADHD
Objections to Eliminating Asperger’s
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
ADHD
18th Century: Identifying “Lack of Attention” as a Medical Condition
19th Century: Hoffmann’s “Fidgety Philip”
Early 20th Century: Attention Disorders, Lack of Moral Control, and Hyperkinetic Disease
Discovery of Stimulant Medication to Treat Attention Problems
Latter 20th Century: From Hyperkinetic Reaction to Attention Deficit Disorder
AUTISM
Leo Kanner and Autism
Hans Asperger and Asperger’s Syndrome
The Refrigerator Mother Theory of Autism
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
BRAIN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVES
Disruptive Behavior
Autism
BRAIN STRUCTURE PERSPECTIVES
Disruptive Behavior
Autism
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES
Genetic Perspectives
Evolutionary Perspectives
IMMUNE SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES
Inflammatory Hypothesis
Viral Infection and Autoimmune Disease Theories
EVALUATING BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Disruptive Behavior
Autism
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVES
Disruptive Behavior
Autism
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Person-Centered Perspectives
Narrative Therapy
EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Behavior Therapy vs. Drugs for ADHD
Psychological Therapies for Autism
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CROSS-CULTURAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES
Cultural and Social Influences
Environmental Factors
CONSUMER AND SERVICE-USER PERSPECTIVES
Stigma
Identity and Asperger’s
SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVES
EVALUATING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
CLOSING THOUGHTS: NEURODIVERSITY
KEY TERMS
OTHER PRESENTING PROBLEMS
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: A BIT OF THIS AND THAT
SLEEP DISTURBANCES
Case Examples
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Insomnia, Hypersomnia, and Narcolepsy
Parasomnias
Evaluating DSM and ICD Sleep Disorders
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
The Sleep Cycle
Biological Explanations of Sleep Disturbances
Drug Treatments for Sleep Problems
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Psychodynamic Theory and Nightmares
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
ELIMINATION ISSUES
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Enuresis and Encopresis
Criticisms of DSM and ICD Perspectives
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Genetics and Enuresis
Drug Treatments for Enuresis
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Behavior Therapy for Enuresis
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Encopresis
Psychodynamic and Humanistic Alternatives
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
Culture, Stigma, and Socioeconomic Impact
Family Systems Approaches
Alternative Therapies: Hypnosis and Acupuncture
INTELLECTUAL AND LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Intellectual Disability
Learning Disorders
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Intellectual Disabilities
Learning Disorders
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Intellectual Disabilities
Learning Disorders
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
Intellectual Disabilities
Learning Disorders
MOTOR PROBLEMS
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Genetics and Tourette’s
Tics Due to Immune System Dysfunction?
Biological Interventions
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Communication Disorders in DSM-5
Communication Disorders in ICD-10 and ICD-11
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Genetics and Stuttering
Dopamine and Drug Treatments
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Constructivist Therapy and Stuttering Relapse
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
DELIRIUM AND DEMENTIA
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Delirium
Dementia
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Genetics of Alzheimer’s
Drugs Prescribed for Alzheimer’s
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions for Alzheimer’s Disease
Other Psychological Interventions: Physical Activity and Pre-Therapy
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
Social Factors and Dementia
Day Care and Long-Term Care
Culture, Context, and Dementia
CLOSING THOUGHTS: INFINITE VARIETY IN PRESENTING PROBLEMS
SUICIDE, ETHICS, AND LAW
OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GETTING STARTED: ABNORMALITY IN MORAL AND LEGAL CONTEXTS
Case Examples
Self-Harm and Other Ethical and Legal Dilemmas
PERSPECTIVES ON SUICIDE
DEFINING SUICIDE
HOW MANY PEOPLE DIE BY SUICIDE?
TYPES OF SUICIDE
Suicide
Subintentional Death
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
DSM AND ICD PERSPECTIVES
Suicidal Behavior Disorder
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
The Search for Suicide Biomarkers
Medication for Suicide Prevention
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Psychodynamic Perspectives
Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT) Perspectives
Humanistic Perspectives
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
Durkheim and the Sociology of Suicide
Gender and Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Age
Social Contagion
SUICIDE PREVENTION
Suicide Prevention Counseling
No-Suicide Contracts
Public Education
Method Restriction
Hospitalization
Can We Predict Who Will Die By Suicide?
ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS CODES
INFORMED CONSENT
CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVILEGE
Confidentiality
Privilege
COMPETENCE
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
ACCESS TO CARE
Barriers to Care
Enhancing Access in the Digital Age via e-Mental Health
LEGAL PERSPECTIVES
THE INSANITY DEFENSE
Insanity and the Insanity Defense as Legal Terms
Historical Origins
Legal Tests of Insanity
Insanity Defense Reform Act
The Insanity Defense Around the World
Evaluating the Insanity Defense
FITNESS TO PLEAD/COMPETENCY TO STAND TRIAL
Defining Fitness and Competency
Determining Competency
The Difficulty and Ethics of Declaring Defendants Incompetent
CIVIL COMMITMENT
Temporary Commitment
Extended Commitment
Involuntary Outpatient Commitment (IOC)
Debate over Civil Commitment
RIGHT TO REFUSE TREATMENT
Why Might a Patient Refuse Treatment?
What Happens When a Patient Refuses Treatment?
Debate Surrounding Right to Refuse Treatment
RIGHT TO TREATMENT
DUTIES TO WARN AND PROTECT
CLOSING THOUGHTS: SUICIDE AS ONE EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM THAT POSES ETHICAL AND LEGAL DILEMMAS
EPILOGUE
KEY TERMS
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Jonathan D. Raskin is Professor and Chair of Psychology at the State University of New York at New Paltz, USA.
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