Drugs, Behaviour and Society 3rd Canadian Edition by Carl Hart, ISBN-13: 978-1259273469

Description

Drugs, Behaviour and Society 3rd Canadian Edition by Carl Hart, ISBN-13: 978-1259273469

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ McGraw Hill Ryerson; 3rd Canadian edition (April 3, 2019)
• Language: ‎ English
• 512 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1259273466
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1259273469

Hart’s Drugs, Behaviour, and Society provides the latest information and statistics on drugs to help students understand their effects on Canadian society and human behavior. The Third Canadian Edition includes behavioural, pharmacological, historical, social, legal, and clinical perspectives, providing students with a deeper understanding of the individual problems and social conflicts related to drug use.

Table of Contents:

Title

Copyright

About the Authors

Brief Contents

Contents

Preface

Section One: Drug Use in Modern Society

1 Drug Use: An Overview

The Drug Problem

Talking about Drug Use

Four Principles of Psychoactive Drugs

How Did We Get Here?

Have Things Really Changed?

Drugs and Drug Use Today

Extent of Drug Use

Trends in Drug Use

Correlates of Drug Use

Risk and Protective Factors

Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Level of Education

Personality Variables

Genetics

Antecedents of Drug Use

Motives for Drug Use

Summary

Review Questions

2 Drug Use as a Social Problem

Laissez-Faire

Toxicity

Categories of Toxicity

Determining the Toxicity of Drugs of Abuse and Misuse

How Dangerous Is the Drug?

Intravenous Drug Use and the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases

Substance Dependence: What Is It?

Three Basic Processes

Changing Views of Dependence

Which Is More Important: Physical Dependence or Psychological Dependence?

Broad Views of Substance Dependence

Is Dependence Caused by the Substance?

Is Dependence Biological?

Is There an “Addictive Personality”?

Is Dependence a Family Disorder?

Is Substance Dependence a Disease?

Crime and Violence: Does Drug Use Cause Crime?

Why We Try to Regulate Drugs

Summary

Review Questions

3 Drug Policy

The History of Drug Regulations

The Opium Act of 1908

Patent Medicine Act of 1909

Narcotic Control Act of 1961

The Le Dain Commission

Canada’s Drug Strategies

Canada’s Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

Sentencing

Drug Paraphernalia Laws

Regulation of the Sale of Alcohol and Tobacco

Impaired Driving

Diversion to Treatment

International Conventions

Bill S-10: An Act to Amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

Regulation of Pharmaceuticals

New-Drug Submission Processes

Provincial and Territorial Responsibilities

Compulsory Licences

Developing and Introducing a New Drug

The Pharmaceutical Industry in Canada

The Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties

Medicinal Marijuana Regulations

Canadian Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR)

Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR)

Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR)

Natural Health Products

Summary

Review Questions

Section Two: How Drugs Work

4 The Nervous System

Homeostasis

Components of the Nervous System

Glia

Neurons

Neurotransmission

Action Potential

The Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Central Nervous System

The Brain

Major Structures

Chemical Pathways

Drugs and the Brain

Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter

Examples of Drug Actions

Chemical Theories of Behaviour

Brain Imaging Techniques

Summary

Review Questions

5 The Actions of Drugs

Sources and Names of Drugs

Names of Drugs

Categories of Drugs

Pharmacodynamics

Drug Effects

Nonspecific (Placebo) Effects

Dose–Response Relationships

Potency

Pharmacokinetics of Drug Action

Time-Dependent Factors in Drug Actions

Mechanisms of Drug Action: Getting the Drug to the Brain

A Little Chemistry

Routes of Administration

Drug Distribution and Transport in the Blood

More about the Blood–Brain Barrier

Mechanisms of Drug Actions

Effects on All Neurons

Effects on Specific Neurotransmitter Systems

Drug Metabolism and Deactivation

Drug Half-Life

Mechanisms of Tolerance and Withdrawal Symptoms

Drug Disposition Tolerance

Behavioural Tolerance

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Drug Classifications

Summary

Review Questions

Section Three: Uppers and Downers

6 Stimulants

Cocaine

History

Coca Wine

Local Anaesthesia

Early Psychiatric Uses

Legal Controls on Cocaine

Supplies of Illicit Cocaine in Canada

Pharmacology of Cocaine

Forms of Cocaine

Mechanism of Action

Absorption and Elimination

Medical Uses of Cocaine

Causes for Concern

Current Patterns of Cocaine Use

Cocaine’s Future

Amphetamines

History

Supplies of Illicit Methamphetamine in Canada

Pharmacology of Amphetamines

Mechanism of Action

Absorption and Elimination

Medical Uses of Amphetamines

Causes for Concern

Summary

Review Questions

7 Depressants and Inhalants

History and Pharmacology

Before Barbiturates

Barbiturates

Meprobamate

Methaqualone

Benzodiazepines

Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics

Mechanism of Action of Benzodiazepines

Beneficial Uses of Depressants

Prescription Sedatives

As Anxiolytics

As Sleeping Pills

As Anticonvulsants

Causes for Concern

Dependence Liability

Toxicity

Patterns of Abuse

Benzodiazepine Use in First Nations and Inuit Populations

Drugs Used to Facilitate Sexual Assault

Inhalants

Gaseous Anaesthetics

Nitrites

Volatile Solvents

Rates of Volatile Solvent Abuse in Canada

GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid)

Summary

Review Questions

8 Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Medicationfor Mental Disorders

Mental Illness

Concurrent Disorders

The Medical Model

Classification of Mental Disorders

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Before 1950

Antipsychotics

Antidepressants

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Mood Stabilizers

Consequences of Drug Treatments for Mental Illness Summary

Review Questions

Section Four: Alcohol

9 Alcohol

Alcoholic Beverages

Fermentation and Fermentation Products

Distilled Products

Beer

Wine

Distilled Spirits

Alcohol Use and “The Alcohol Problem”

The Temperance Movement

Prohibition

Prohibition Worked!

Prohibition Is Repealed

Regulation after 1933

Who Drinks? And Why?

Cultural Influences on Drinking

Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use in Canada

Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS)

Alcohol Use among Postsecondary Students

Regional Differences in Alcohol Use in Canada

Alcohol Pharmacology

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Mechanism(s) of Action

Behavioural Effects

Time-Out and Alcohol Myopia

Driving under the Influence

Sexual Behaviour

Blackouts

Crime and Violence

Physiological Effects

Alcohol Toxicity

Hangover

Chronic Disease States

Brain Damage

Liver Disease

Heart Disease

Cancer

The Immune System

Canadian Recommended Guidelines for Low-Risk Drinking

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Alcohol Dependence

Withdrawal Syndrome

Dependent Behaviours

Summary

Review Questions

Section Five: Familiar Drugs

10 Tobacco

Tobacco History

Early Medical Uses

Chewing Tobacco

Cigars

Cigarettes

Tobacco under Attack

The Quest for “Safer” Cigarettes

Current Cigarette Use

Smokeless Tobacco

Are Cigars Back?

Adverse Health Effects

Passive Smoking: The Danger of Second-Hand Smoke

Smoking and Pregnancy

Pharmacology of Nicotine

Absorption and Metabolism

Physiological Effects

Behavioural Effects

Nicotine Dependence

How to Stop Smoking

Summary

Review Questions

11 Caffeine

Caffeine: The World’s Most Common Psychostimulant

Coffee

Tea

Chocolate

Other Sources of Caffeine

Soft Drinks

“Energy” Drinks

Over-the-Counter Drugs

Caffeine Pharmacology

Time Course

Mechanism of Action

Physiological Effects

Behavioural Effects

Causes for Concern

Cancer

Pregnancy and Conception

Heart Disease

Caffeinism

Summary

Review Questions

12 Natural Health Products and Over-the-Counter Drugs

Natural Health Products

Some Natural Health Products Have Psychoactive Properties

St. John’s Wort

SAMe

Ginkgo Biloba

Caffeine

Weight-Control Products

Sleep Aids

Over-the-Counter Drugs

Regulation of Over-the-Counter Products

Improved Labelling of Over-the-Counter Drugs

Over-the-Counter versus Prescription Drugs

Behind-the-Counter Nonprescription Drugs

Sleep Aids

Analgesics

People and Pain

Aspirin

Acetaminophen

Ibuprofen and Other NSAIDs

Products Containing Codeine

Cold and Allergy Products

The All-Too-Common Cold

Treatment of Cold Symptoms

Allergy and Sinus Medications

Choosing an OTC Product

Summary

Review Questions

Section Six: Restricted Drugs

13 Opioids

History of Opioids

Opium

Morphine

Heroin

Opium and Heroin Supply, Distribution, and Trafficking in Canada

The Changing Profile of Opioid Users

Abuse of Prescription Opioids

Pharmacology of Opioids

Chemical Characteristics

Mechanism of Action

Beneficial Uses

Pain Relief

Intestinal Disorders

Cough Suppressants

Causes for Concern

Dependence Potential

Toxicity Potential

Patterns of Abuse

Research Studies and Pilots Addressing the Needs of Injection Drug Users in Canada

Insite: Vancouver’s Supervised Injection Facility

North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI)

Study to Assess Long-Term Opioid Maintenance Effectiveness (SALOME)

Summary

Review Questions

14 Hallucinogens

Animism and Religion

Terminology and Types

Phantastica

Indole Hallucinogens

Catechol Hallucinogens

Deliriants

PCP

Anticholinergic Hallucinogens

Amanita Muscaria

Salvia Divinorum

Summary

Review Questions

15 Cannabis

Cannabis, the Plant

Cannabis Preparations

History of Cannabis

Early History

The Nineteenth Century: Romantic Literature and the New Science of Psychology

History of Cannabis Policy in Canada

Legalization of Cannabis in Canada

Marijuana Supply, Distribution, and Trafficking in Canada

Hashish and Hash Oil Supply, Distribution, and Trafficking in Canada

Prevalence Rates of Cannabis Use

What Canadian Youth Think about Cannabis

Worldwide Use of Cannabis

Pharmacology

Cannabinoid Chemicals

Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination

Mechanism of Action

Physiological Effects

Behavioural Effects

Medical Uses of Cannabis in Canada

Nausea and Vomiting

Wasting Syndrome in AIDS and Cancer

Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Epilepsy

Pain

Psychiatric Disorders

Other Diseases and Symptoms

Contraindications

Causes for Concern

Abuse and Dependence

Toxicity Potential

Cannabis and Psychosis

Cannabidiol

Summary

Review Questions

16 Performance-Enhancing Drug Abuse

Historical Use of Drugs in Athletics

Ancient Times

Early Use of Stimulants

Amphetamines

International Drug Testing

North American Football

Steroids

The BALCO Scandal

The Battle over Testing

Stimulants as Performance Enhancers

Steroids

Mechanism of Action

Prevalence of Illicit Steroid Use in Canada

Psychological Effects of Steroids

Adverse Effects on the Body

Regulation

Other Hormonal Manipulations

Beta-2 Agonists

Blood Doping

Creatine

Getting “Cut”

Summary

Review Questions

Section Seven: Prevention and Treatment

17 Preventing Substance Abuse

Defining Goals and Evaluating Outcomes

Types of Prevention

Prevention Programs in Schools

Why Invest in Young People?

The Knowledge-Attitudes-Behaviour Model

Affective Education

Antidrug Norms

Development of the Social Influence Model

Prevention Programs That Work

School-Based Prevention Programs

Project ALERT

Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)

Life Skills Training

Programs That Target Peers, Parents, and the Community

Peer Programs

Parent and Family Programs

Strengthening Families for the Future

Community Programs

Prevention in the Workplace

What Should We Be Doing?

Summary

Review Questions

18 Treating Substance-Related Disorders

The Social and Economic Costs of Alcohol and Other Drugs in Canada

Pharmacological Treatments

Detoxification (Withdrawal Management) and Maintenance Phase

Alcohol

Nicotine

Opioids

Cocaine

Cannabis

Management of Problematic Substance Use in Pregnancy

Pharmacological Treatments for Adolescents with Substance- Related Disorders

Behavioural and Psychosocial Treatments

Defining Treatment Goals

Motivational Enhancement Therapy

Contingency Management

Relapse Prevention

Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) and Substance Abuse Treatment

Harm Reduction

Substance Abuse in Canada: Concurrent Disorders

Treatment and Rehabilitation: The Big Picture in Canada

Is Treatment Effective?

Alcoholics Anonymous

A Systems Approach to Substance Use in Canada

Summary

Review Questions

Glossary

Dr. Carl Hart is an Associate Professor in both the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology at Columbia University and is also a Research Scientist in the Division of Substance Abuse at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. A major focus of Dr. Hart’s research is to understand the complex interactions between neurobiological and environmental factors that mediate and modulate the actions of drugs of abuse, including drug-taking behaviour and cognitive performance. Dr. Hart’s research has been supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse for the past several years. In addition to his substantial research responsibilities, Dr. Hart teaches an undergraduate Drugs and Behaviour course and was recently awarded Columbia University’s highest teaching award.

Charles Ksir received his bachelor’s degree in Psychology from the University of Texas at Austin and his Ph.D. from Indiana University in Bloomington. Following his postdoctoral training in Neurobiology at the Worcester Foundation in Massachusetts, he began a 34-year career in teaching and research at the University of Wyoming, where he also served in a variety of administrative positions. Now a professor emeritus, he focuses his efforts on teaching and textbook writing. He has taught the psychology course Drugs and Behaviour to more than three thousand students since 1972 and has received several teaching awards.

Dr. Robert Gilbert is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Health Professions at Dalhousie University. He received his M.Sc. in Medicine from Memorial University and a Ph.D. in Pharmacology and Neurosciences from Dalhousie University. Dr. Gilbert is an educator and applied clinical research scientist. His research interests include the development of nonpharmacological approaches for managing anxiety in persons undergoing withdrawal from psychoactive substances; the evaluation and development capacity for evidence-informed decision making in addiction prevention and treatment; and the development of novel approaches for engaging problem gamblers in treatment.

Dr. Andrea L. O. Hebb received her bachelor’s degree in Psychology at Dalhousie University and her M.Sc. and Ph.D. from Carleton University. She pursued postdoctoral training in Neurobiology and Pharmacology at the Universities of Ottawa and Dalhousie. Her research investigated putative therapeutic genetic targets for the diagnosis and treatments of neurobiological disease. Dr. Hebb is the inventor on two patents and has published more than 20 papers and several major review papers and book chapters. Dr. Hebb is a Research Scientist with the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery at Dalhousie University and holds a faculty position at St. Mary’s University, where she teaches undergraduate classes in development, neuroscience, pharmacology, and addiction.

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