The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation 2nd Edition by Richard Ryan, ISBN-13: 978-0190666453

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The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation 2nd Edition by Richard Ryan, ISBN-13: 978-0190666453

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Oxford University Press; 2nd edition (August 13, 2019)
• Language: ‎ English
• ‎560 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0190666455
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0190666453

The field of human motivation has been undergoing a revolutionary shift in the 21st century. What new philosophical assumptions, motivational models, and empirical evidence have emerged? What does this look like in theory and in application? The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation, Second Edition addresses these key advances made in the field since the previous edition, offering the latest insights from the top theorists and researchers of human motivation.

The volume includes chapters on social learning theory, control theory, self-determination theory, terror management theory, and regulatory focus theory, while also presenting articles from leading scholars on phenomena such as ego-depletion, choice, curiosity, flow, implicit motives, and personal interests. A special section dedicated to goal research highlights achievement goals, goal attainment, goal pursuit and unconscious goals, and the goal orientation process across adulthood. This Handbook also provides practical research and guidance with sections on relationships and applications in areas such as psychotherapy, education, physical activity, sport, and work. By providing reviews of the most advanced work by the very best scholars in this field, The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation, Second Edition represents an invaluable resource for both researchers and practitioners, as well as any student of human nature.

Table of Contents:

Cover page

Halftitle page

Series page

Title page

Copyright page

Short Contents

About the Editor

Contributors

Table of Contents

Part One: Introduction

1. Inside the Black Box: Motivational Science in the 21st Century

The 20th Century’s Behaviorist Revolution

Behavioral Science Today: Motives, Mechanisms, and Mediation

Meanings, Interests, and Motivation

Motivation and Mechanisms

Motivation: The Most Important Variable in Applied Studies

We Have Come a Long Way …

Part Two: General Theories of Human Motivation

2. Social Cognitive Theory and Motivation

Introduction

Conceptual Framework

Vicarious, Symbolic, and Self-Regulatory Processes

Motivational Processes

Self-Efficacy

Conclusion

Future Research Directions

3. A Self-Regulatory Viewpoint on Human Behavior

Feedback Control

Feedback Processes and Affect

Further Issues Regarding Affect

Affects and Priority Management

Shifts in the Theoretical Landscape: Two Modes of Functioning

Impulse and Control

The How Versus the What of Motivation

Closing Comment

4. Regulatory Focus Theory and Research: Catching Up and Looking Forward After 20 Years

What Is Regulatory Focus Theory?

What Is Promotion Motivation?

What Is Prevention Motivation?

Where Does Regulatory Focus Motivation Come From?

How Is Regulatory Focus Motivation Measured and Manipulated?

Are Promotion and Prevention Different From Approach and Avoidance?

System Level: Promotion and Prevention Goals

The How of Goal Pursuit: Strategies and Tactics

Is One Type of Motivation Better Than the Other?

Trade-Offs in Promotion and Prevention Motivation

It Is the Fit That Counts

Group Dynamics

Meta motivation

Concluding Thoughts

5. A Terror Management Theory Perspective on Human Motivation

Self-Awareness: A Blessing and a Curse

Terror Management Theory

Evidence for the Motivational Role of Existential Anxiety

Conclusion

6. The Nature and the Conditions of Human Autonomy and Flourishing: Self-Determination Theory and Basic Psychological Needs

Motivation and Wellness Within Self-Determination Theory

Contexts and Basic Psychological Needs

Internalization and the Differentiation of Extrinsic Motivation

Outcomes Associated With Autonomous Motivation

Specific Contextual Factors and Autonomous Motivation

Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Climates

Autonomy Support and Mutuality in Relationships

Pursuing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations

Attaining Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations

Contextual Effect on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations

Economic and Political Systems

Part Three: Motivational Processes

7. Ego Depletion: Theory and Evidence

Introduction

Ego Strength

What Causes Depletion

Consequences of Depletion

Challenges to the Robustness of the Depletion Effect

How Depletion Operates

Integration: Effects of Motivation and Conservation

Moderators of Depletion

Building Strength

Overall Conclusion

Future Directions

8. The Complex Role of Choice in Human Motivation and Functioning

Introduction

The Motivation to Choose

Choice as a Motivator

Explaining the Diverse Effects of Choice

Confluence of Constructs

Final Thoughts and the Future of Choice Scholarship

9. Curiosity and Motivation

Curiosity Is Motivation to Reduce Novelty and Uncertainty

Curiosity Is For-Its-Own-Sake Motivation

Some People Are More Curious Than Others

Conclusion

Future Directions

10. Flow: The Experience of Intrinsic Motivation

Dimensions of the Flow State

Conditions of Flow Experience

The Condition–Experience Model

Psychological Covariates of Flow Experience

Conceptualization and Operationalization of Flow-Related Constructs

Emergent Motivation and the Temporal Dynamics of Flow Experience

The Neurophysiology of Flow Experience

Conclusion

11. Implicit–Explicit Motive Congruence and Moderating Factors

Introduction

The Relation Between Picture Story Exercises and Questionnaire Measures of Motives

The Time Has Come to Retire the Independence Hypothesis

Methodological Factors That Influence Estimates of the Implicit–Explicit Motive Correlation

Substantive Variables That Moderate Implicit–Explicit Motive Congruence

Antecedents of Motive Congruence

Consequences of Motive Congruence

Conclusion

Future Directions

12. Interest and Its Development, Revisited

Interest and Its Development, Revisited

Defining Interest and Interest Development

Research on Interest Development

Conclusions

Future Directions

Part Four: Goals and Motivation

13. Achievement Goals

Introduction

Historical Overview

Conceptual Issues in Achievement Goals

Emerging Research in Achievement Goals

Conclusion

Future Directions

14. Goal Attainment

Goals Versus Motivation

Interventions

Conclusion and Outlook

15. Does Goal Pursuit Require Conscious Awareness?

Goal Pursuit Without Awareness: Some Preliminary Thoughts and Findings

Goal Pursuit as Automated Behaviors

Habitual Action Selection

Can Stimuli Trigger Motivation?

Understanding the Unconscious Source of Human Goal Pursuit

The Power of Reward Cues

When Outcome + Reward Information Are (Re)presented in One Instance

Conclusion and Future Directions

16. On Gains and Losses, Means and Ends: Goal Orientation and Goal Focus Across Adulthood

Introduction

The Importance of Goals for Adult Development

Goal Focus: Process or Outcome

Conclusion

Part Five: Motivation in Relationships

17. The Five Pillars of Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection

Introduction

Self-Enhancement, Self-Protection, and Their Functionality

The Five Pillars of Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection Motivation

The Self-Serving Bias

The Better-Than-Average Effect

Selective Self-Memory

Socially Desirable Responding

Overclaiming

Concluding Remarks

18. The Gendered Body Project: Sexual and Self-Objectification as Motivated and Motivating Processes

Theoretical Frameworks on Sexual and Self-Objectification

Objectification as Power and Dominance

Objectification as Existential Protection

Objectification as System Justification

A Matter of Seeing: How Sexually Objectifying Culture Translates to Self-Objectification

Cultivation of Self-Objectification in the Culture of Sexual Objectification

The Situational Motivators of Self-Objectification

Summary

A Matter of Doing: The Motivating but Consequential Body Project

Concluding Comments

19. Relatedness Between Children and Parents: Implications for Motivation

Major Categories of Children’s Motivation

The Attachment Theory Perspective

The Self-Determination Theory Perspective

Beyond Relationship Quality: Children’s Sense of Responsibility to Their Parents

Integrating the Different Ideas About Relatedness

Conclusions

Part Six: Biological Perspectives

20. Motivational Neuroscience

Motivational Neuroscience: Current Status of the Field

Key Brain Structures and Pathways in Human Motivation

Neural Basis of Key Motivations

Conclusion

Future Directions

21. Advancing Issues in Motivation Intensity Research: Updated Insights from the Cardiovascular System

Introduction

Motivation Intensity Theory

Measuring Effort

Empirical Evidence

Conclusions

22. Autonomous Motivation, Internalization, and the Self: A Functional Approach of Interacting Neuropsychological Systems

Self-Determination Theory

Personality Systems Interactions Theory

The Integrative Self

The Discrepancy System

Intention Memory

The Action System

Self-Positivity Bias and Self-Integration: Features of the Self Enabling Self-Growth

Self-Access: Exerting Influence on Behavior by Activating the Self

Neural Mechanisms of Autonomy and Internalization

Conclusion and Outlook

Part Seven: Motivation in Application

23. Motivation in Psychotherapy

Clinically Relevant Motivational Constructs

Personal Goals, Well-Being, and Psychological Problems

Future Research/Open Questions

24. Motivation in Education

Overview

The Nature of Student Motivation

Development of Children’s Motivation

School’s Influences on Students’ Motivation

School Transitions and Changes in Student Motivation

Motivation Interventions

Conclusion and Future Directions

25. Advances in Motivation in Exercise and Physical Activity

Introduction

Three Key Motivational Theories in Physical Activity

Theoretical Advances

Measurement and Methodological Advances

Conclusion

Future Directions

26. Motivational Processes in Youth Sport and Physical Activity

Youth Sport Motivation: From Descriptive to Theory-Driven Studies

Sources and Mechanisms of Influence on Youth Sport Motivation

Translating Theory and Research to Evidence-Based Practices for Promoting Motivation in Youth Sport and Physical Activity

Concluding Remarks

27. Work Motivation: Where do the Different Perspectives Lead Us?

Overview of the Theoretical Perspectives

A Heuristic Conceptual Framework of Motivation and Directions for Future Research

Part Eight: Epilogue

28. Envisioning Progress and Perils: Musings on the Future of Motivation Research in a Rapidly Evolving World

Into the Future

Technology, Human Experience, and Motivation Science

New Methods, New Questions

Motivating People While Respecting Them

Cultural Psychology, Diversity, and Motivation Research

Our Interdisciplinary Future

Index

Richard M. Ryan is Professor at the Institute for Positive Psychology and Education at Australian Catholic University. He is a clinical psychologist and co-developer of self-determination theory, with over four hundred papers and books in the areas of human motivation, personality, and psychological well-being. He earned his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Rochester and B.A. in philosophy from the University of Connecticut. Ryan has lectured in hundreds of universities worldwide, received many distinguished career awards, held several editorial posts, consulted with numerous organizations, schools, and clinics, and served as an expert on health-care and education initiatives. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the American Educational Research Association, and the Society for Self and Identity to name a few, and is an Honorary Member of the German Psychological Society (DGP). He has also been a James McKeen Cattell and Leverhulme Fellow and a visiting scientist at the National Institute of Education in Singapore, the University of Bath, UK, and the Max Planck Institute, Berlin. Ryan is among the most cited and influential researchers in psychology and social sciences today, and many of his research papers have been cited in prominent media outlets such as the New York Times, Washington Post, Huffington Post, BBC News, and CNN.

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