Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications 5th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0323396325

Description

Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications 5th Edition by Duane E. Haines and Gregory A. Mihailoff, ISBN-13: 978-0323396325

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

528 pages

Publisher: Elsevier; 5 edition (October 27, 2017)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 9780323396325

ISBN-13: 978-0323396325

Using a rigorous yet clinically-focused approach, Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications, 5th Edition, covers the fundamental neuroscience information needed for coursework, exams, and beyond. It integrates neuroanatomy, pharmacology, and physiology, and offers a full section devoted to systems neurobiology, helping you comprehend and retain the complex material you need to know.

– Highlights clinical content in blue throughout the text, helping you focus on what you need to know in the clinical environment.

– Presents thoroughly updated information in every chapter, with an emphasis on new clinical thinking as related to the brain and systems neurobiology.

– Features hundreds of correlated state-of-the-art imaging examples, anatomical diagrams, and histology photos – nearly half are new or improved for this edition.

– Pays special attention to the correct use of clinical and anatomical terminology, and provides new clinical text and clinical-anatomical correlations.

Table of contents:

Front Cover……Page 1

IFC……Page 2

FUNDAMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE for Basic and Clinical Applications……Page 3

FUNDAMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE for Basic and Clinical Applications……Page 5

Copyright……Page 6

Contributors……Page 7

Preface……Page 9

Acknowledgments……Page 11

Contents……Page 13

I – ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS……Page 15

Neurons……Page 17

Spinal Cord……Page 18

Thalamus……Page 19

FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS AND REGIONS……Page 20

CONCEPT OF AFFERENT AND EFFERENT……Page 21

CLINICAL IMAGES OF THE BRAIN AND SKULL……Page 22

Computed Tomography……Page 23

Magnetic Resonance Imaging……Page 24

Imaging of the Brain and Skull……Page 25

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 29

STRUCTURE OF NEURONS……Page 30

Cell Body……Page 31

Axons and Axon Terminals……Page 34

Axonal Transport as a Research Tool……Page 35

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NEURONS……Page 36

Chemical Synapses……Page 37

Disorders of Neurotransmitter Metabolism……Page 39

ASTROCYTES……Page 40

Astrocytes at the Blood-Brain Barrier……Page 41

CONTROL OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW WITHIN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM……Page 42

OLIGODENDROCYTES……Page 43

Glia-Derived Tumors……Page 44

SUPPORTING CELLS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM……Page 46

DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION……Page 47

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 49

Forces Due to Concentration Gradients……Page 50

Electrical Forces……Page 52

Membrane Potential……Page 53

Fluid Transport: Pumps and Channels……Page 54

Pain and a Syndrome of Periodic Paralysis……Page 55

Microbial Attacks: Antibiotics……Page 56

Generator Potentials……Page 57

Receptor Binding and Channel Gating……Page 58

Calculation of the End Plate Potential by Ohm’s Law……Page 59

Compound Action Potentials……Page 60

Cable Properties of Nerve Processes……Page 61

Sodium Channel Activated by Depolarization……Page 62

Threshold Voltage……Page 63

Gating, Selectivity, and the Structure of the Sodium Channel……Page 64

Tetany……Page 65

Controlling Excitability……Page 66

NEURONAL ACTIVITY AS INFORMATION……Page 68

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 70

Synthesis and Storage……Page 71

GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS: THE TETRAMERIC EXCITATORY IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS……Page 72

AMPA Receptors and Milliseconds of Excitation……Page 73

CYS-LOOP RECEPTORS: THE PENTAMERIC MULTIFUNCTIONAL IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS……Page 76

Neuromuscular Junction Structure and Transmitter Release……Page 77

Synaptic Vesicles: Transmitter Storage and Release……Page 78

Tetanus……Page 80

Serotonin (5-HT) and Emesis……Page 81

G Proteins Have Receptors as Exchange Factors……Page 82

THE BIOGENIC AMINES MODULATE SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY……Page 83

Catechol Synthesis and Storage……Page 84

Serotonin Synthesis and Functions……Page 85

Psychotropic Drugs and the Uptake and Delivery of Catecholamines……Page 86

RETROGRADE TRANSMISSION……Page 87

CODA……Page 88

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 89

DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEURAL TUBE: GENERAL CONCEPTS……Page 90

BRAIN DEVELOPMENT……Page 91

Congenital Nervous System Defects of Primary Neurulation……Page 92

Secondary Neurulation……Page 93

Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemispheres……Page 94

Infectious Diseases Causing Congenital Nervous System Defects……Page 96

Neural Crest……Page 97

Basic Features……Page 98

Spinal Cord……Page 99

Brainstem……Page 100

Cerebellum……Page 102

Cerebral Cortex……Page 103

Abnormalities of Cortical Development……Page 104

Overproduction of Neurons and Apoptosis……Page 105

Plasticity and Competition……Page 106

Myelination……Page 107

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 109

II –

REGIONAL NEUROBIOLOGY……Page 110

DEVELOPMENT……Page 112

Formation of the Choroid Plexus……Page 113

Third Ventricle……Page 115

Cerebral Aqueduct……Page 116

Ependyma……Page 117

Ependymomas……Page 118

Choroid Plexus……Page 119

Cerebrospinal Fluid in Health and Disease……Page 120

Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation……Page 122

Obstructive Hydrocephalus……Page 123

Communicating Hydrocephalus……Page 124

Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus……Page 125

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 126

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MENINGES……Page 127

OVERVIEW OF THE MENINGES……Page 128

Dural Border Cell Layer……Page 129

Dural Infoldings and Sinuses……Page 130

Compartments and Herniation Syndromes……Page 131

Arachnoid Barrier Cell Layer……Page 132

Arachnoid Villi……Page 133

General Histologic Features……Page 134

Symptoms and Treatment……Page 135

Pia Mater……Page 136

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage……Page 138

Meningitis……Page 139

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 142

Aneurysm……Page 143

Arteriovenous Malformation……Page 144

Internal Carotid Artery……Page 145

Middle Cerebral Artery……Page 146

Vertebral Artery……Page 148

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery……Page 149

Posterior Cerebral Artery……Page 150

VEINS AND VENOUS SINUSES OF THE BRAIN……Page 151

Basal Aspect of the Brain……Page 153

Internal Veins of the Hemisphere……Page 154

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis……Page 156

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER……Page 157

Neural Plate……Page 160

Neural Tube Defects……Page 161

Spinal Meninges……Page 162

Gray Matter……Page 163

Sacral Levels……Page 164

Sensory Components of the Spinal Nerve……Page 166

Deafferentation Pain and the Posterior (Dorsal) Root Entry Zone Procedure……Page 167

SPINAL REFLEXES……Page 168

Flexor Reflex……Page 169

Polyneuropathy……Page 170

Functions of Ascending Tracts……Page 171

Functions of Descending Tracts……Page 172

Acute Central Cervical Spinal Cord Syndrome……Page 173

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 174

Midbrain……Page 175

VENTRICULAR SPACES OF THE BRAINSTEM……Page 176

CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS……Page 177

Motor……Page 179

Sensory……Page 180

Central Herniation……Page 181

Tonsillar Herniation……Page 182

Anterior Medulla……Page 183

Vasculature……Page 185

Caudal Medulla: Level of the Motor Decussation……Page 186

Caudal Medulla: Level of the Sensory Decussation……Page 187

Midmedullary Level……Page 188

Rostral Medulla and Pons-Medulla Junction……Page 190

Reticular and Raphe Nuclei……Page 192

TONSILLAR HERNIATION……Page 193

Cerebellum……Page 195

Cerebellum……Page 196

Vasculature of the Pons and Cerebellum……Page 197

Caudal Pontine Level……Page 198

Rostral Pontine Level……Page 200

Reticular and Raphe Nuclei……Page 201

VASCULAR SYNDROMES OF THE PONS……Page 202

Cerebellar Cortex……Page 203

Vasculature of the Cerebellum……Page 204

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 205

Anterior (Ventral) Midbrain……Page 206

Posterior (Dorsal) Midbrain……Page 207

Summary of Descending Pathways……Page 208

Caudal Midbrain Levels……Page 209

Rostral Midbrain Levels……Page 210

Reticular and Raphe Nuclei……Page 214

VASCULAR SYNDROMES OF THE MIDBRAIN……Page 215

HERNIATION SYNDROMES RELATED TO THE MIDBRAIN……Page 216

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 217

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 218

MOTOR CELL COLUMNS AND NUCLEI……Page 219

SENSORY CELL COLUMNS AND NUCLEI……Page 220

Accessory Nerve……Page 221

Vagus Nerve……Page 223

Glossopharyngeal Nerve……Page 225

Syndromes of the Jugular Foramen……Page 226

Vestibulocochlear Nerve……Page 227

Facial Nerve……Page 229

Abducens Nerve……Page 230

CRANIAL NERVE OF THE PONS……Page 231

Trigeminal Nerve……Page 232

Trochlear Nerve……Page 233

Oculomotor Nerve……Page 234

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 235

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 236

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIENCEPHALON……Page 237

BASIC ORGANIZATION……Page 239

Medial Thalamic Nuclei……Page 240

Lateral Thalamic Nuclei……Page 241

Summary of Thalamic Organization……Page 244

Lateral Hypothalamic Zone……Page 245

Medial Hypothalamic Zone……Page 246

EPITHALAMUS……Page 247

VASCULATURE OF THE DIENCEPHALON……Page 248

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 249

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 250

DEVELOPMENT……Page 251

Developmental Defects……Page 252

Frontal Lobe……Page 253

Parietal Lobe……Page 254

Insular Lobe……Page 256

Vasculature of the Cerebral Cortex……Page 257

Association Fibers……Page 258

Projection Fibers: The Internal Capsule……Page 259

Vasculature of the Internal Capsule……Page 260

Nucleus Accumbens and Substantia Innominata……Page 261

Subthalamic Nucleus and Substantia Nigra……Page 262

Major Connections of the Basal Nuclei……Page 263

HIPPOCAMPUS AND AMYGDALA……Page 264

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 265

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 267

III –

SYSTEMS NEUROBIOLOGY……Page 268

Peripheral Mechanoreceptors……Page 270

Spinal Cord and Brainstem……Page 272

Primary Somatosensory (SI) Cortex……Page 275

Additional Cortical Somatosensory Regions……Page 277

Trigeminal Nerve……Page 278

Peripheral Receptors……Page 279

Plasticity and Reorganization in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex……Page 281

Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract……Page 282

Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract……Page 283

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 284

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 285

ANTEROLATERAL SYSTEM……Page 286

Cutaneous Nociceptors and Primary Neurons……Page 287

Pain Receptors in Muscles, Joints, and Viscera……Page 288

Central Pathways from the Body……Page 289

Primary Neurons……Page 296

Central Pathways from the Face and Oral Cavity……Page 298

CHRONIC AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND THE THALAMUS……Page 301

IMAGING OF THE PAIN PATHWAY……Page 303

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 305

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 306

VISCEROSENSORY RECEPTORS……Page 307

ASCENDING PATHWAY FOR SYMPATHETIC AFFERENTS……Page 308

Referred Pain……Page 309

Angina……Page 310

Sacral Parasympathetic Afferents……Page 311

Cranial Parasympathetic Afferents……Page 312

VISCERAL INPUT TO THE RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM……Page 313

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 314

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 315

Chambers of the Eye……Page 316

Lens……Page 317

NEURAL RETINA AND PIGMENT EPITHELIUM……Page 318

Rods……Page 319

Cones……Page 320

Bipolar Cells……Page 321

Ganglion Cells……Page 322

Retinogeniculate Projections……Page 324

Optic Nerve, Chiasm, and Tract……Page 325

LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS……Page 326

Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers……Page 327

OPTIC RADIATIONS……Page 328

PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX……Page 329

Receptive Field Properties of Cortical Neurons……Page 331

Orientation Columns……Page 332

Ocular Dominance Columns……Page 333

OTHER VISUAL CORTICAL AREAS……Page 334

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 335

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 336

PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES AND HEARING……Page 337

Inner Ear: Structure of the Cochlea……Page 338

Mechanoelectrical Transduction……Page 340

Sensorineural Deafness……Page 341

OVERVIEW OF CENTRAL AUDITORY PATHWAYS……Page 342

Vascular Supply of the Auditory Brainstem and Cortex……Page 343

Cochlear Nuclei……Page 344

Superior Olivary Complex……Page 345

Inferior Colliculus……Page 346

AUDITORY AND RELATED ASSOCIATION CORTICES……Page 348

MIDDLE EAR REFLEX……Page 349

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 350

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 351

PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH……Page 352

Vestibular Receptor Organs……Page 353

Hair Cell Morphology……Page 354

Hair Cell Transduction……Page 355

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS AND OTOLITH ORGANS……Page 356

Function of Semicircular Canals……Page 357

Vestibular Afferent Inputs……Page 358

Cerebellar Connections……Page 359

Commissural Connections……Page 360

Rotational Vestibuloocular Reflex……Page 361

Nystagmus……Page 362

Vestibular Thalamus……Page 363

Navigation……Page 364

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 365

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 366

OLFACTORY RECEPTORS……Page 367

Olfactory Bulb……Page 369

Olfactory Bulb Projections……Page 371

Disorders of the Olfactory System……Page 372

TASTE RECEPTORS……Page 373

TASTE TRANSDUCTION……Page 374

PERIPHERAL TASTE PATHWAYS……Page 376

Disorders of the Gustatory System……Page 377

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 378

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 379

Neuromuscular Junction……Page 380

Size Principle……Page 382

Muscle Spindles……Page 383

Gamma Loop……Page 384

Reflex Circuits……Page 385

Vestibulospinal Tracts……Page 386

Rubrospinal Tract……Page 387

Decerebration……Page 388

Posterior (Dorsal) Root Section……Page 389

Cerebellar Anterior Lobe Section……Page 391

Decortication……Page 392

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 393

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 394

Upper Motor Neuron Signs……Page 395

Origin……Page 396

Course……Page 397

Termination……Page 402

Origin……Page 403

Termination……Page 404

Corticopontine System……Page 408

Supplementary Motor Cortex……Page 409

HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION VERSUS PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING IN THE MOTOR SYSTEM……Page 410

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 411

Sources and Additional Reading

……Page 412

COMPONENTS OF THE BASAL NUCLEI……Page 413

Striatal Complex……Page 414

Pallidal Complex……Page 416

Nigral Complex……Page 418

DIRECT AND INDIRECT PATHWAYS OF BASAL NUCLEAR ACTIVITY……Page 419

Balance Between Inhibition and Disinhibition as the Primary Mode of Basal Nuclear Function……Page 420

Motivational Loop……Page 421

Disease Implications of Topography of Basal Nuclear Circuits……Page 422

Integrated Function of the Basal Nuclei……Page 423

Huntington Disease……Page 425

Parkinson Disease……Page 426

Wilson Disease……Page 428

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 429

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 430

Cerebellar Lobes, Lobules, and Zones……Page 431

Cerebellar Nuclei……Page 433

Purkinje Cell Layer……Page 434

Granule Cell Layer……Page 436

Cerebellar Afferent Fibers……Page 439

Synaptic Interactions in the Cerebellar Cortex……Page 440

Vestibulocerebellar Module……Page 442

Spinocerebellar Module……Page 443

Pontocerebellar Module……Page 445

Pontocerebellar Dysfunction……Page 447

CEREBELLAR INFLUENCE ON VISCEROMOTOR FUNCTIONS……Page 448

important aspects of motor learning…….Page 449

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 450

OVERVIEW……Page 451

Extraocular Muscles……Page 452

Edinger-Westphal Complex……Page 453

Sympathetic Supply to the Orbit……Page 454

Extraocular Muscle Motor Neurons……Page 456

Horizontal and Vertical Gaze Centers……Page 458

Supranuclear Control……Page 459

Smooth Pursuit……Page 461

Vergence Movements and the Near Triad……Page 462

Optokinetic Eye Movements……Page 463

Pupillary Light Reflex……Page 464

Blinking and Other Lid Movements……Page 466

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 467

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 468

General Features of Peripheral Visceral Motor Outflow……Page 469

Postganglionic Visceral Motor Neurons……Page 470

Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons……Page 471

Sympathetic Ganglia……Page 472

Internal Organization of Sympathetic Ganglia……Page 474

Receptor Types in Sympathetic Targets……Page 475

Preganglionic and Postganglionic Neurons……Page 476

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM……Page 477

REGULATION OF VISCERAL MOTOR OUTFLOW……Page 478

Cardiovascular System……Page 479

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 480

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 481

HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY……Page 482

DIVISIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS……Page 483

Medial Zone……Page 484

FEEDING MOTIVATION……Page 486

Amygdalohypothalamic Fibers……Page 487

Descending Projections……Page 488

Supraopticohypophysial Tract……Page 490

PITUITARY TUMORS……Page 491

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone–Secreting Tumors (Cushing Disease)……Page 492

Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors……Page 493

REGIONAL FUNCTIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS……Page 494

Temperature Regulation Reflex……Page 495

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 496

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 497

CYTOARCHITECTURAL DEFINITIONS OF THE LIMBIC CORTEX……Page 498

EARLY FUNCTIONAL CONCEPTS……Page 499

HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION……Page 500

Structure……Page 501

Complete Circuit of Papez……Page 502

LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND MEMORY……Page 503

Efferent Fibers……Page 504

SEPTAL REGION……Page 505

LIMBIC SYSTEM AND BEHAVIOR……Page 506

LIMBIC SYSTEM AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION……Page 507

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 508

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 509

LAYERS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX……Page 510

Pyramidal Cells……Page 512

Intrinsic Circuitry of the Cerebral Cortex……Page 513

Cytoarchitecture……Page 514

COLUMNAR ORGANIZATION……Page 515

SYNOPSIS OF THALAMOCORTICAL RELATIONSHIPS……Page 516

HIGHER CORTICAL FUNCTIONS……Page 517

Wernicke Aphasia and Broca Aphasia……Page 518

Parietal Association Cortex: Space and Attention……Page 519

Apraxia and Agnosia……Page 520

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 521

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 522

EVALUATION VERSUS EXAMINATION……Page 523

Cranial Nerve II……Page 524

Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI……Page 526

Cranial Nerve V……Page 528

Cranial Nerve VIII……Page 529

Cranial Nerve XII……Page 530

MOTOR EXAMINATION……Page 531

Muscle Stretch Reflexes……Page 532

SENSORY EXAMINATION……Page 533

Sources and Additional Reading……Page 536

Sources and Additional Reading

……Page 537

CHAPTER 15……Page 538

CHAPTER 32……Page 539

A……Page 540

B……Page 541

C……Page 542

E……Page 545

F……Page 546

H……Page 547

I……Page 548

L……Page 549

M……Page 550

N……Page 551

O……Page 552

P……Page 553

S……Page 555

T……Page 558

V……Page 559

Z……Page 560

IBC……Page 561

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